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I
.hrK.<,^7r "^ Bound
. JUN 1 1 1903
j^arbarli College liliracs
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
SCIENCE CENTER LIBRARY
f
^
)
TREASURY DEPARTMENT
U. S. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY
"" O. H. TITTMANN
UNITED STATES
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES AND ISOGONIC CHARTS
1 902
Principal Facts Relating to the Earth's Magnetism
L. A. BAUER
Chief of Division o/'Terreslrial Ulagnctisi
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTIKG OFFICE
I 90 2
AVTr t'j
•/
C-
I'.
'1^^ {
CONTENTS.
Page.
Preface 7
Definitions 9
Principal Facts Relating to the Earth's Magnetism.
Early History of the Compass.
Discovery of the Lodestone ii
Discovery of Polarity of Lodestone 12
Introduction of the Compass 15
Improvement of the Compass by Petrius Peregrinus 16
Improvement of the Compass by Flavio Gioja 20
Derivation of the word Compass 21
Voyages of Discovery 21
Compass Charts 21
Birth of the Science of Terrestrial Magnetism.
Discovery of the Magnetic Declination at Sea 22
Discovery of the Magnetic Declination on Land 2;
Early Methods for Determining the Magnetic Declination and the Earliest Values on
Land 2i
Discovery of the Magnetic Inclination 3c
The Earth, a Great Magnet.
Gilbert's ** De Magnete" 34
The Variations of the Earth's Magnetism.
Discovery of Secular Change of Magnetic Declination 38
Characteristics of the Secular Change 40
Diurnal Variation 47
Annual Variation 52
Minor Periodic Fluctuations 53
Magnetic Storms 53
Magnetic Observatories 56
Magnetic Charts.
Isogonic Lines 62
Magnetic Meridians 63
Magnetic Surveys.
General Remarks 65
Historical Summary 67
Magnetic Survey of the United States 70
The Earth's Magnetic Poles and Magnetic Moment.
Magnetic Poles 73
Magnetic Moment 76
Determination of the True Meridian and the Magnetic Declination.
Determination of the True Meridian.
By Observations on Polaris 79
By Observations on the Sun 90
Determination of the Magnetic Declination.
With an Ordinary Compass or Transit 94
With a Magnetometer 94
3
4 CONTENTS.
Pagrc.
The Secular Change of the Magnetic Declination in the United States and
Outlying Territories.
General Characteristics of the Secular Change in the United States 99
Secular Change Tables.
Explanatory Remarks 100
Tables .' 102
The Magnetic Declination in the United States and Outlying Territories for
January i, 1902.
Introduction 117
Explanatory^ Remarks to Declination Tables 117
Chart of the Lines of Equal Magnetic Declination in the United States for 1902.
Previous Isogonic Charts by the Coast and Geodetic Surv'^ey 118
Isogonic Chart of the United States for 1902 119
Secular Motion of the Agonic Line in the United States 122
Isogonic Chart of Alaska for 1902 122
Local Disturbances of Compass in Alaska 1 23
Isogonic Charts of the Other Outlying Territories 1 23
Table op the Most Recent Magnetic Declinations Observed in the United States
AND Outlying Territories, Reduced to January i, 1902 124
Descriptions of Magnetic Stations Occupied by the Coast and Geodetic Survey
Between 1881 and June 30, 1902 267
ILLUSTRATIONS.
I.
2.
3-
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
10.
II.
12.
13-
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19-
20.
21.
22.
23-
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
FIGURES.
*
A Japanese South-pointing Cart (seventh century A. D. )
Floating Compass used by Peregrinus ( 1269) ; ^.
Double Pivoted Compass invented by Peregrinus ( 1269)
Lines of Equal Magnetic Declination for 1500 (van Bemmelen)
Compass Sun-dial showing Earliest Magnetic Declination at Paris ( 1541 )
First Dip Circle (Norman's, 1576)
Norman's Experiment showing Action of the Earth on a Magnetic Needle
Comparison of the Secular Change Curves of the Magnetic Declination at various Stations
in the Northern Hemisphere
Curves showing Secular Change in Magnetic Declination and Dip at London, Boston, and
Baltimore
Comparison of Curve showing Change in Magnetic Declination and Dip along Parallel of
Latitude 40° North in 1885, with Curve showing Secular Change at Rome
Diagram showing Diurnal Variation of the Magnetic Declination at Baldwin, Kansas., 1901 . .
Coast and Geodetic Survey Magnetic Observatory at Cheltenham, Maryland
Eschenhagen Magnetograph at Coast and Geodetic Survey Magnetic Observatory, Baldwin,
Kansas
Magnetograms showing Guatemala Earthquake Disturbance at Cheltenham Magnetic
Observatory, April 18, 1902
Magnetic Disturbance at Cheltenham Magnetic Observatory, April lo-ii, 1902
Magnetic Disturbance at Cheltenham Magnetic Observatory at time of Martinique Vol-
canic Eruption, May 8, 1902
Lines of Equal Magnetic Declination for 1600 (Hansteen)
♦* i70o(Halley)
'* 1800 (Hansteen)
" 1858 (British Admiralty)
" " " ** 1905 ( '• '• )
Dip " 1905 ( ** •• )
Magnetic Meridians for 1836 ( Duperrey )
Lines of Equal Magnetic Declination in the Polar Regions for 1885 (Neumayer)
Mean Secular Change of the Magnetic Declination, 1890-1900 (Neumayer)
Map of Region around North Magnetic Pole (Schott, 1890)
Diagram of principal Stars in the Constellations Cassiopeia and Great Bear
Coast and Geodetic Survey Magnetometer
Map showing Positions of the Agonic Line between 1700 and 1900 (Schott)
((
(i
i(
<(
((
ti
((
<(
ti
(I
Page.
13
19
19
23
25
32
33
44
45
46
48
57
59
60
61
61
62
62
62
62
64
64
64
64
66
75
84
95
123
PLATES.
Frontispiece. — United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Office.
I. Lines of Equal Magnetic Declination and of Equal Annual Change in the United States for 1902.
II. Lines of Equal Magnetic Declination in Alaska for 1902.
5
PREFACE.
The "United States Magnetic Declination Tables for 1902" is a continuation of
the series of papers, begun in 1855, treating of the magnetic declination in the United
States; and published, with the authority of law, by the Coast and Geodetic Survey.
The previous papers contained the magnetic declination tables and accompanying
charts of lines of equal magnetic declination (isogonic charts) for the following epochs,
successively: 1850 (first edition), 1850 (second edition), i860, 1870, 1875, 1885, 1890,
and 1900, the last published in 1897. The accumulation of much additional material
since the date of the last publication and the constantly increasing demand for magnetic
data have made it imperative to bring the tables up to date.
Owing to the large number of stations that it has been possible to occupy annually
since July i, 1899, w^hen the facilities and means for magnetic work were enlarged, the
present paper can, if necessary, be followed by another in a few years bringing the
results up to 1905. Thereafter it is proposed to issue the publication at suitable inter-
vals. In addition it is the intention to publish the results obtained by the magnetic
parties of the Coast and Geodetic Survey during each year in the ** Annual Report of
the Superintendent.*'
In order to meet the demand for general information regarding the Earth's mag-
netic phenomena, the present tables have been prefaced by a historical and descriptive
summary, accompanied by numerous' and pertinent illustrations, of the principal facts
of the Earth's magnetism. It is believed that this will be a welcome addition, espe-
cially at this time, when such marked attention is being paid, at home and abroad, to the
study of the remarkable facts concerning the physical history of our planet, as revealed
by the magnetic needle. One of the greatest students of magnetism of all times, Clerk
Maxwell, says:
** The field of investigation into which we are introduced by the study of terrestial
magnetism is as profound as it is extensive. We know that the Sun and the Moon act
on the Earth's magnetism. It has been proven that this action can not be explained
by supposing these bodies to be magnets. The action is therefore indirect. In the
case of the Sun, part of it may be thermal action, but in the case of the Moon, we can
not attribute it to this cause. * * * What cause, whether exterior to the Earth or
in its inner depths, produces such enormous changes in the Earth's magnetism that its
magnetic poles move slowly from one part of the globe to another? When we consider
that the intensity of the magnetization of the great globe of the Earth is quite compar-
able with that which we produce with much difficulty in our. steel magnets, these
immense changes in so large a body force us to conclude that we are not yet acquainted
with one of the most powerful agents in nature, the scene of whose activity lies in those
inner depths of the Earth, to the knowledge of which we have so few means of access."
7
8 PREFACE.
A chapter has been added giving briefly methods for determining meridian lines
and the magnetic declination, and in another are set forth the facts concerning the
secular change of the magnetic declination in the United States and outlying terri-
tories, accompanied by the necessary tables of the amount of change for various periods.
The accompanying Chart of the * ' Lines of Equal Magnetic Declination in the
United States ' ' contains, in addition, the ' * Lines of Equal Annual Change," thus adding
greatl)' to the convenience in the practical utilization of the Chart. With their aid the
corrections to the ' * Lines of Equal Magnetic Declination ' ' for any subsequent year prior
to the next edition can readily be made. The Chart, as stated in its legend, is based on
all known obser\^ations up to date, and refers to January i, 1902. The base map con-
tains sufficient physical features and names of towns to render it possible to locate
readily on the map any desired place.
The "Magnetic Declination Tables," forming the main body of the publication,
contain about 8000 entries, and are the most complete tabular presentation of declina-
tion values in the United States.
* ' Descriptions of the Coast and Geodetic Survey Magnetic Stations occupied
betw^een 1881 and June 30, 1902," conclude the publication. The descriptions of the
stations previous to 1881 are contained in Appendix 9, Report for 1881.
An attempt has thus been made to give in one publication all the data and tables
required by those who will have occasion to make use of it.
In conclusion, I take pleasure in acknowledging the able assistance rendered by
Mr. D. L. Hazard, Computer of the Division of Terrestrial Magnetism, to whom was
intrusted the preparation of the ** Tables" (Secular Change and Magnetic Declina-
tion) and the "Descriptions of Stations," various persons assigned temporarily to the
Division rendering him more or less aid. He has thoroughly re\ased and systematized
the secular change tables, a piece of work requiring great care, nice discrimination, and
good judgment.
DEFINITIONS.
To avoid the confusion arising from the use or misuse of the term * * variation of
the cx)mpass/* the following terms are used instead throughout this publication:
Magnetic declination: The angle by which the compass needle points to the east
or west of true north.
Secular change of the magnetic declination: The change in the magnetic declination
with the lapse of years.
9
PRINCIPAL FACTS RELATING TO THE EARTH^S MAGNETISM.
EARLY HISTORY OF THE COMPASS.
Discovery of the Lodestone.
Many centuries before the Christian era writers referred to a mysterious * * stone * *
possessing remarkable properties, chief of which was its power to ' ' draw to it the all-
conquering iron." Its earliest names appear to be Hercules stone (heraclein stone),
magnet-stone, Lydian stone, siderit (iron stone), and also briefly ** stone." Later the
term ** stone" and ** Hercules stone*' gave way to the name ** magnet."
The precise derivation of the term ** magnet," which has now become the most
common one, is difficult to ascertain. Lucretius (99-55 B. C.) says it was called
"magnet" from the place from which it was obtained — ''in the native hills of the
Magnesians." However, Pliny (23-79 A. D.) relates a prettier legend, as copied from
the poet Nicander (second century B. C), that the shepherd, **Magnes" by name,
while guarding his flock on the slopes of Mount Ida, suddenly found the iron ferrule
of his staff and the nails of his shoes clinging to a ** stone," which became known
after him as the *' Magnes stone" or magnet.
The fundamental property of the lodestone of attracHfig iron was certainly known to
the Greeks toward the close of the seventh century B, C^ 2& it is mentioned by Thales,
who lived between 640-546 B. C.
Magnetic mountains which caused ships to fall to pieces by drawing from their
sides the iron nails, or, by disturbing the compass, caused to be dashed to pieces on the
rocks the vessel that was unlucky enough to come within too close proximity to their
influence, remained in the category of sea terrors until but a comparatively short
time ago.
In writings of the middle ages we find used for the term magnet **adames," which
also meant diamond; e. g., in the oriental history of the Cardinal Jaques de Vitry, of
about the year 1218. The Italian term was "calamita;" the Dutch, **mag^etsteen;"
and *'zehl-steen" (sailing stone) ; the Icelandic, '*leider-steen" (lead stone), from which
the English term of lodestone^ is derived; the Hungarian, **magnet-ko" (magnet
stone); the Polish, "magnes" and ** magnet;" the Croatian, "zelezoolek" (which
attracts iron); theDalmatian, '*zoosdotegh" (which draws nails); the French, "aimant"
(loving stone); the Spanish, **piedramant;" and the German, *'magness," "siegel-
stein," and **magnetstein." The lodestone was also called by early English writers
** adamant stone."
« Also spelled loadstone^ the spelling used in this publication being the preferable one, however,
as more clearly showing the derivation.
II
12 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Klaproth remarks that nearly all of the European terms, as far as their significa-
tion is concerned, recur in the Asiatic tongues. Thus the most common expression
of the Chinese was **thsee schy" (or loving stone), hence similar to that of the
French. For example, the author Tschlin-thsangkhi says: "The magnet draws to it
the iron as the tender mother calls her children to her, and for this reason it has
received its name of the loving stone." Other Chinese terms for magnet were **tchu
chi " (stone which deflects), "hie thy schy" (stone which unites with iron), etc.
The lodestone or natural magnet is known to the geologist as the mineral * ' mag-
netite" and is the magnetic or black oxide of iron, FejO^, this oxide being formed
when iron is oxidized at a high temperature in the air, in oxygen or in aqueous vapor.
It is quite wddely distributed over the earth, some of the most notable specimens
coming from Magnet Cove, Arkansas. Its general color is blackish or brown and
occasionally grayish, and its specific gravity is 5.0 to 5.1.
Discovery of Polarity of Lodestone.
Not only does the lodestone or magnetite possess the property to "draw" to it
iron objects, but it also has that of "polarity," i. e., it exhibits contrary effects at
opposite ends, e. g., at one end it attracts the north end of a magnetic needle and
at the other end repels it.
By virtue of this polarity and the fact that the * * earth itself acts like a great
magnet," a lodestone pointed at the ends and suspended so as to turn freely will set
itself in an approximately north- and-south direction. This "directive" tendency of
the lodestone or needle was termed by Gilbert in 1600 its " vertidty."
It is this property of polarity which distinguishes a piece of nonmagnetized iron
from a magnetized one, the former attracting either end of a compass needle, while the
latter will either attract or repel, according as the unlike "poles" or the like "poles"
of magnet and needle are brought together.
This property became known to European nations about the twelfth century. The
Chinese are, however, generally credited w-ith the earliest knowledge of the directive
property of the lodestone and of its power to communicate polarity to iron. Tradition
would even ascribe this knowledge to them as far back as the year 2634 before the
Christian era. A quaint legend relates that in the sixty-fourth year of the reign of
Ho-ang-ti (2634 B. C), the Emperor, Hiuan-yuan, or Ho-ang-ti, attacked the rebel,
Tchi-yeou, or Khiang, on the plains of Tchou-lou. Khiang getting the worst of the
conflict, raised a great fog in order to throw the ranks of his adversary into confusion.
Hiuan-yuan, however, was equal to the occasion and constructed a chariot (Tchi-nan),
which indicated the south, so as to distinguish the four cardinal points, and thus was
enabled to pursue Khiang and take him prisoner.^
Benjamin* considers this legend as " clearly mjrthical " and remarks that "while
the beginning of Chinese history is placed by De Lacouperie at the twenty-third cen-
tury B. C. . other Chinese annalists regard it as impossible to rely upon any records
« Klaproth, Lettre^ M. le Baron Humboldt sur Tinvention de la Boussole, Paris, 1834. Also
Mailla, Histoire g^nerdle de la Chine, tome I, p. 316, Paris, 1777.
& Intellectual Rise in Electricity, London, 1895; republished by Wiley & Sons, New York, in 1898,
under the title of '* History of Electricity." The writer has made considerable use of this work.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 13
dating back more than 800 years before our era. Legge fixes the beginning of trust-
worthy chronology at 826 B.C., and Plath at 841 B. C. It is apparent, therefore, that
in dealing with the legends and traditions which form the basis for the assertion of
knowledge of the magnet by the Chinese at very ancient epochs, the doubt whether
they properly belong to mythology or to history is im3\oidable. "
In Japan these south -pointing carts were known in the second half of the seventh
century A. D. Figure i is a reproduction of a picture contained in Vol. XXIII of the
large Japanese encyclopedia and taken from Urbanitzky's book Electricitiit im
Alterthunie, to which the writer is indebted for various reference.s.
Several other references to the compass have been cited as appearing in earh- Chi-
nese records. The first direct statement as to their knowledge of the propertj- of
polarity is said to have occurred in a Chinese dictionary completed about 121 A. D., a
period when at least the attractive properties of the
lodestone had been known to European nations for six
centuries and more. According to Benjamin, ' ' this
statement consists of but six Chinese characters iu the
dictionary Choue-Wen, where the character 'Tseu' is
defined as ' the name of a stone with which the needle
is directed,' Even this is known only by citations in
later works."
Whatever doubt may be raised regarding these
early Chinese references, the fact is that the lodestone,
or magnetite, is known to have existed Ju the iron
deposits extensively worked in Shensi in 220 B. C, so
that the Chinese had ample opportunities for becoming
familiar with the properties of the lodestone.
The first reference to the use of the compass for
navigational purposes is found in the Chinese ency-
clopedia, Poei-wen-yun-fou. It is said that under the
Tsin dynasty, or between 265 and 419 A. D., "there
were ships indicating the south."
The most remarkable passage, however, occurring * 17'h "emury a, o
in the early Chinese literature is one toward the end of
the eleventh century of the Christian era in a work entitled " Mung-Khi-pi-than," vizi"
"The soothsayers rub a needle with a magnet stone, so that it may mark the
south; however it declines constantly a little to the east. It does not indicate the south
exactly. When this needle floats on the water it is much agitated. If the finger-nails
touch the upper edge of the basin in which it floats they agitate it strongly; only it
continues to slide, and falls easily. It is better in order to show its virtues in the best
way to suspend it as follows: Take a single filament from a piece of new cotton and
attach it exactly to the middle of the needle by a bit of wax as large as a mustard seed.
Hang it up in a place where there is no wind. Then the needle constantly shows the
south; but among such needles there are some which, being rubbed, indicate the north.
Our soothsayers have some which show south and some which show north. Of this
" Ed. Biot; Coinpies reiiiius. t. XIX, p. S35. The passage is quoted from Beiijamiii's VkwU.
14 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
property of the magnet to indicate the south, like that of the cypress to show the
west, no one can tell the origin."
According to Klaproth, the same fact is related in a natural history compiled by
Kew-tsung-schy, in the years 1111-1117, under the title of Pen-thsao-yan-i, and it is
stated that the **south end of the needle always shows, a deviation toward the point
'ping,' /. e,, E. f S.," hence \ of 90° or 15® east of south, so that the north end
pointed 15** west of north.
Benjamin says "that the tendency of the magnetic needle to depart from the true
north appears to have been observed by the Chinese geomancers in the compasses used
by them long before any marine use of the instrument was made. A so-called lite of
Yi-hing, a Buddhist priest and imperial astronomer, undertakes to show that the
'variation' in the eighth century was nearly 3® west of south. Later we find the
geomancers adding special circles of symbols to the compass card, such as a circle of nine
fictitious stars, a circle of sixty dragons, and so on, and, among these, circles of points
especially constructed to allow for ' variation'. This was done in the year 900 by Yang
Yi when the variation was 5° 15' east of south, and again three centuries later when it
had increased to 7° 30'" in the same direction."
The Chinese apparently would have to be credited by these passages with a far
superior knowledge of the properties of the magnet than possessed at that period by the
European nations. They not only seemed to know of the magnetic declination of the
needle, by reason of which the needle did not point true north and south, but also antici-
pated Europeans by several centuries in the most delicate method of suspension of a
needle by means of a fiber. The Jesuit Lana, according to Hansteen, is said to have
introduced the fiber suspension in Europe about 1686. According to Prof. Sylvanus
P. Thompson, however, the suspending of a magnetic needle by a thread occurs in the
Speculum Lapidum of Camillus Leonardus, published at Venice in 1502.
Klaproth, who made a special study of the early history of the compass, found ** no
indubitable use ' * of the compass by the Chinese in navigation until toward the end of
the thirteenth century, at which time it had been on European ships for a century or
more. All efforts to satisfactorily account for the spread of the knowledge of the
properties of the lodestone from Eastern to Western nations, or vice versa, have thus
far failed. *
Summing up all the evidence, it would seem that the prime properties of the lode-
stone — attraction, polarity, directivity — were doubtless discovered independently by the
Chinese and by the occidental peoples and that the preponderance of evidence of priority
at present would seem to be on the Chinese side.
The Chinese undoubtedly were the first to use the compass in land jotuneys and in
the orientation of buildings and sites. It is related that, in the early part of the four-
o According to Klaproth, as cited above, this was 15°.
ft The number of points of the compass, according to the Chinese, is twenty-four, which are
reckoned from the south pole; the form also of the instrument they employ is different from that
familiar to Europeans. The needle is peculiarly poised, with its point of suspension a little below
its center of gravity, and is exceedingly sensitive; it is seldom more than an inch in length and is
less than a line in thickness. It appears thus sufficiently evident that the Chinese are not indebted
to Western nations for their knowledge of the use of the compass. (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th
ed.,art. Compass.)
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 15
teenth century (1314-1320A. D.), the temple of Yao-mu-ngan was oriented in this
way. It is an interesting fact that they were guided by the south end of the needle,
their name for compass being * * ting-nan-ching, ' * or needle pointing to the south. This
was probably because in China the south is considered the honorable quarter,
the Emperor taking his position facing south, and prominent buildings being placed
facing south. To distinguish the south end of the needle from the north end it was
painted red.
Introduction of the Compass.
The earliest definite mention as yet known of the use of the compass in the Middle
Ages occurs in a treatise entitled **De Utensilibus," written toward the end of the
twelfth century by an English monk, Alexander Neckam. He says :
** The sailors, moreover, as they sail over the sea, when in cloudy weather they can
not longer profit by the light of the sun, or when the world is wrapped in the darkness
of the shades of night, and they are ignorant to what part of the horizon the prow is
directed, place the needle over the magnet, which is whirled round in a circle, until,
when the motion ceases, the point of it (the needle) looks to the north."
Soon after the introduction of the compass, laws were framed against the f alsif3dng
of the compass. One of the most common beliefs which prevailed for many centuries
was known as the **garlic myth" and mariners were charged not to eat onions or garlic
lest the odor "deprive the stone of its virtue by weakening it and prevent them from
perceiving their correct course." **
In the following extract from a poem entitled * 'Love's Complaint," found by
M. Paulin Paris, a distinguished antiquarian, in a MS. of 1329 which he attributed to
William the Clerk, a vassal of Sire Rauf or Raul, who fought in the wars of Frederick I
in Italy (11 59 to 1177) appears the following description of the compass used at that
time: *
Who would of his course be sure.
When the clouds the sky obscure,
He an iron needle must
In the cork wood firmly thrust.
L/et the iron virtue lack
Rub it with the lodestone black,
In a cup with flowing brim,
Let the cork on water swim,
When at length the tremor ends.
Note the way the needle tends :
Though its place no eye can see —
There the polar star will be.
Furthermore, in the preceding verse he appears to assign the cause for the north
and south pointing of the needle to the attractive influence of the polar star, a belief
current until Gilbert's time (1600).
<t One of these laws was as follows: *' Whoever, being moved by sedition, shall menace the master
or pilot of a ship with the sword, or shall presume to interfere with the nautical gnomon or compass,
and especially, shall falsify the part of the lodestone upon which the guidance of all may depend, or
shall commit like abominable crimes in the ship or elsewhere, shall, if his life be spared, be punished
by having the hand which he most uses fastened, by a dagger or knife thrust through it, to the mast
or principal timber of the ship, to be withdrawn only by tearing it free." (Benjamin's Intellectual
Rise in Electricity. )
1 6 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Allusions to the compass among the early writers now began to multiply, e. g.,
Guyot de Provins, in a poem written 1203- 1208, Cardinal de Vitry (12 18), and others.
In a poem by Guido Guinicelli, an Italian priest who died in 1276, the following
suggestive lines occur:
In what strange regions 'neath the polar star
May the great hills of massy lodestone rise,
Virtue imparting to the ambient air
To draw the stubborn iron; while afar
From that same stone the hidden virtue flies
To turn the quivering needle to the Bear,
In splendor blazing in the Northern skies.
Matthew Paris, in relating the sending of the first papal legate to Scotland in 1247,
says he ' * drew the money out of the Scots to himself as strongly as the adamant does
iron."
In the middle of the thirteenth century the compass was in regular use among the
Norwegians.
Bacon appears to have had his attention directed to the lodestone, which he calls
"the miracle of nature," by Glanvil's encyclopedic work, written about 1250. He
says * * that the iron which is touched by the lodestone follows the part of the latter
which excites it, and flies up from the other part, and that it turns to the part of the
heavens to which the part of the magnet wherewith it was rubbed conforms. ' ' Further-
more, "that it is not the polar star which influences the magnet, for if such were the
case the iron would always be attracted toward the star; on the contrary, the rubbed
portion of the iron will follow the rubbed part of the magnet in any direction, back-
ward or forward, or to the right or left," etc."
Improvement of the Compass by Petrius Peregrinus.
We now turn to one of the most famous of the writings of the Middle Ages. Bacon
in his * * Opus tertium ' ' says * * there are but two perfect mathematicians, Master John
of London and Master Petrius de Maharn, curia, a Picard." Peter stands especially
high in his estimation. He was the author of the famous letter known as ' * Epistola
Petri Peregrini de Maricourt ad Sygerum de Foucaucourt militem de Magnete."
This letter **on the magnet," written by the nobleman Pierre de Maricourt on
August 12, 1269, to his friend and neighbor Syger de Foucaucourt, is probably the old-
est European treatise on the magnet. The author's surname **de Maricourt" is
derived from a little village in Picardy, France, from whence he came. He is, however,
more generally referred to as "Petrius Peregrinus," the appellation of Peregrinus or
Pilgrim indicating that he had taken part in the Crusades. He was a partisan of
Charles of Anjou, who had been crowned King of the two Sicilies by Pope Urban IV,
and who was laying siege for a second time to the town o£ Lucera, situated in the prov-
ince of Apulia in southern Italy. Under the walls of this town Peregrinus wrote his
memorable * ' epistola, ' * which became known to many of the learned men of his time
and succeeding centuries and had considerable influence on early writers on magnetism.
It was reproduced in 1558 with an introduction and comments by Achilles Gasser, a
«If this quotation be correct as taken from Benjamin, then the latter part of Bacon's statement,
"that the iron turns to the part of the heavens to which the part of the magnet wherewith it was
rubbed conforms," is incorrect. The contrary, as we shall see later, is the case.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 1 7
physician of Lindau, Germany, and again by subsequent authors, and more recently
by Hellmann in his excellent series of Berlin reprints, " Neudrucke" — Rara Magnetica
No. 10. «
Peregrinus was a man of learning, had the academic title of " magister,'* and, as
stated, was regarded very highly by his contemporary, Roger Bacon. The deductions
in his letter reveal in general a clear insight and sound reasoning powers. They are
based usually on actual experiment, which doubtless accounts for the influence his lit-
tle treatise exerted.
Some of the facts which Peregrinus cites in his letter had been previously known.
However, he appears to have had the faculty of putting them in precise language. A
summary of the contents of the letter will be found in Benjamin's book, from which
the quotations below have been taken.
Peregrinus, in direct contradiction to the earlier >^Titers, who invariably preferred
the lodestone from India, gives preference to the one from northern Europe, which was
used principally by sailors in the northern seas.
He explains how the poles of a magnet may be found, thus:
* * The stone is to be made in globular form and polished in the same way as are
crystals and other stones. Thus it is caused to conform in shape to the celestial sphere.
Now place upon it a needle or elongated piece of iron, and draw a line in the direction
of the length of the needle, dividing the stone in two. Then put the needle in another
place on the stone, and draw another line in the same way. This may be repeated w^ith
the needle in other positions. All of the lines thus drawn will run together in two
points, just as all the meridian circles of the world run together in two opposite poles
of the world. ' *
Peregrinus probably first found the poles in the way that is above described.
Then, afterwards, he remarked that at the points so determined the needle was more
strongly attracted than elsewhere. Consequently, he sees that the poles can be detected
without marking the meridians by simply noting the places on the stones where the
needle is most frequently and powerfully drawn. ''If, however," he continues, "you
wish to be precise, break the needle so as to get a short piece about two nails in length.
Place this on the supposed polar point. If the needle stands perpendicularly to the
surface of the stone such point is the true pole; if not, then move the needle about
until the place is found where it does thus stand erect. If these points are accurately
ascertained and the stone -is homogeneous and well chosen," he adds, "they will be
drawn diametrically opposite one another, like the poles of the sphere. * '
If the Earth's magnetism were uniformly distributed, Peregrinus's method of
"converging magnetic meridians " could be applied to determine with greater accuracy,
and certainly with more comfort, the position of the Earth's magnetic poles than by
specially equipped expeditions to the arctic and antarctic regions. It would suffice
to select a few well-chosen stations in easily accessible and climatically comfortable
regions, to determine accurately the magnetic declination of the needle at these points,
and to determine by an easy computation the points of intersection of the great circles
passing through the compass directions at the selected stations. It will be seen,
<i Sparing as Gilbert is in conceding the excellence of any work on magnetism prior to his own,
the **De Magnete" of 1600, he characterizes Peregrinus's work "as a gretty erudite book, considering
the time."
27478 — 02 2
1 8 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
however, that owing to the great irregularity in the distribution of the Earth's
magnetism this method is not admissible, and would give positions for the magnetic
poles diflFering considerably from the actual positions.
Peregrinus next explains how to designate the two poles and to distinguish them
from each other.
"Take," says Peregrinus, **a wooden vessel, round, like a dish or platter, and
put the stone in it so that the two points of the stone may be equidistant from the
edge; then put this in a larger vessel containing water, so that the stone may float like
a sailor in a boat. The stone so placed will turn in its little vessel until the north pole
of the stone will stand in the direction of the north pole of the heavens, and the south
pole in that of the south pole of the heavens; and if it be removed from this position,
it will return thereto by the will of God. Since the north and south parts of the
heavens are known, so will they be known in the stone, because each part of the stone
will turn itself to its corresponding part of the heavens.*'
Then, '*If the north part of the stone, which you hold, be brought to the south
part of the stone floating in the vessel, the floating stone will follow the stone you hold,
as if wishing to adhere to it; and, if the south part of the held stone be brought to the
north part of the floating stone, the same thing wnll happen. Know it, therefore, as a
law," he says, "that the north part of one stone attracts the south part of another stone ^
and the south the yiorthy
We thus have a recognition of the well-known fact that unlike magnetic poles
attract each other and while Peregrinus does not explicitly state the additional fact
that like poles repel each other, it stands to reason that in the course of his experi-
ments the fact of repulsion of like poles must likewise have manifested itself to him,
especially, as it was known to his master, Bacon. However, it was customary for the
early writers to speak simply of the * "^attractive virtue of the magnet. ' '
It will be noticed that Peregrinus designated that part of the lodestone which
points to the north a^ the north end or pole, and that part which is directed to the south,
the south pole. He says, * ' You will infer what part of the iron is attracted to each part
of the heavens from knowing that the part of the iron which has touched the southern
part of the magnet is turned to the northern part of the sky. The contrary will happen
with respect to that end of the iron which has touched the north part of the stone,
namely, it will direct itself towards the south."
This is the first clear and accurate statement regarding the character of the poles
induced in the * * iron " by its " touch ' ' with the * * magnet ' ' or lodestone, and the quarter
of the heavens to which each pole will point, if the iron be freely suspended.® It will
be noted that Bacon's statement (p. 16) is just the reverse of that of Peregrinus.
According to the laws of magnetism, the part of the iron touched by the magnet
or lodestone will have induced in it a magnetic pole of an opposite kind to that in the
end of the magnet used. Furthermore, since like poles repel and unlike ones attract
each other, it is manifest that if the north end of a compass is called the north pole, the
magnetism in the northern regions of the earth must be of the south pole kind, other-
wise we should have repulsion instead of attraction. Or, if in the north end of the
compass there resides magnetism of the south pole kind, then the earth's north magnetic
A Benjamin, thinking that Peregrinus had committed an error in his statement, offers various
cpologies for him.
?.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM.
19
pole has magnetism of the north pole kind. To avoid this confusion the north end of
the compass is frequently referred to as "the north-seeking or north-pointing end,"
and the south end as the "south-seeking or south-pointing end." The part of the
*' iron," then, which touches the north-seeking end of the magnet will have magnetism
of the south-seeking kind induced in it, and will point or be attracted to the south
when the iron is delicately supported, and the part which is rubbed by the south-seeking
end of the magnet has induced in it a pole of the north-seeking kind and hence will
point to the north.
The chief achievement of Peregrinus was his improvement of the mariner's compass ^
which at that time was a very crude contrivance indeed, the magnet being supported by
a reed floating in a vessel of water, and provided neither with an index to reckon from
nor with a compass card. He combined the compass with the nautical astrolabe for
measuring the sun's altitude, provided a fiducial line, or the so-called "lubber's point,"
and a graduated scale, thus enabling the mariner not only to steer his ship more truly,
but likewise to determine the azimuth of a heavenly body. At first he floated his
compass, but later introduced for the first time the pivoted or, rather, socketed
compass, the description of which, as given by Benjamin, is as
follows:
"The floating bowl and the large vessel of water are abol-
ished, and in place of them there is the ordinary circular com-
Pio. 2. — Floating compass used
by Peregrinus (1269).
Fio. 3.— Double-pivoted compass invented by Peregrinus (1269).
pass box of to-day. Its edges are marked as those of the bowl were — with the degree
of the circle. It is covered with a plate of glass. In the center of the instrument, and
stepped in the glass cover and in the bottom of the box, is a pivot, throtigh which passes
the compass needle, now no longer an ovoid lodestone, but a true needle of steel or iron.
Then at right angles to this needle is another needle, which, curiously enough, he says is
to be made of silver or copper. Pivoted above the glass cover is an azimuth bar, as before,
with sight pins at the ends. Now, he says, you are to magnetize the needle by means of
the lodestone in the usual way, so that it will point north and south, and then the azi-
muth bar is to be turned on its center so as to be directed toward the sun or heavenly
bodies, and in this way, of course, the azimuth is easily measured. In fact, the device
is the azimuth compass of the present time. *By means of this instrument,' says
Peregrinus, ' you may direct your course toward cities and islands and all other parts
of the world, either on land or at sea, provided you are acquainted with the longitudes
and latitudes of those places.' "
Figure 2 represents the floating compass used by Peregrinus, and figure 3 his
double-pivoted compass. Both figures have been directly reproduced from the memoirs
on Peregrinus by Bertelli, who made the subject a special study.
cH
20 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
It will be noticed that Peregrinus had in this compass all the devices necessary for
ascertaining whether the magnetic needle pointed precisely to the north, or declined
away from the north; however, he does not seem to have noticed any such departure.
He would be especially interested in this, as he supposed that "from the poles of the
world the poles of the magnet received their virtue." That he did not remark any
declination indicates pretty strongly that the needle did not, at that time, point very
far from north, so that if he did observe any departure, the smallness of the amount
doubtless led him to ascribe it to imperfection of construction of his compass. A
similar conclusion has been reached by the writer from other researches. At present
the needle points about 9° west in southern Italy.
Peregrinus was credited by Thevenot in 1 68 1 with having found a magnetic decli-
nation of 5*^ east in 1269, but Wenckebach's researches showed that this was an inser-
tion in the Leyden manuscript of his "epistola" made in the early part of the sixteenth
century, about which time the needle did actually point that amount at Rome. (See
Table I. ) Thdvenot had likewise erroneously ascribed the authorship of this famous
letter to * * Peterus Adsigerus. ' '
Recapitulating, Peregrinus may be accredited with very notable discoveries and
achievements, chief of which are:
1 . The mode of locating and distinguishing the magnetic poles of a magnet.
2. The method of touch and rubbing for reversing the polarity of a magnet and
the fact that a magnet can be broken into any number of fragmentary pieces, each of
which will be a magnet.
3. The first attempt at an azimuth compass, and the introduction of a mode of
pivot suspension of the needle.
Improvement of the Compass by Flavio Gioja.
The contents of Peregrinus' s letter did not become widely known, the few manu-
script copies which had been made by the early monks lying buried in the monasteries
until the sixteenth century, and so it happened that many of his discoveries were
rediscovered.
In PeregrinUs's pivoted compass the needle passed through a vertical shaft pivoted
in the top and bottom of the compass, so that the shaft and needle turned together.
In the modern compass, as is known, the compass needle turns on a fixed point.
Furthermore, his compass lacked the modern subdi\dsion of the circle into thirty- two
points or the so-called * ' Rose of the Winds. ' *
Flavio Gioja, who came from Posit ano in the hills back of Amalfi, Italy, is credited
with the invention of the mariner's compass some time prior to 13 18 (about 1302).
Thus, Anthony of Bologna, in the latter part of the fourteenth century, writes that
'* Amalfi first gave to seamen the use of the magnet." It is considered probable that
Gioja introduced the compass card of thirty-two points, or * ' Rose of the Winds, ' ' the
mode of pivot suspension whereby the needle turns on a fixed point, and the attaching
of the card to the compass needle, thus adding greatly to the usefulness of the compass
at sea. The earliest maps having the " Rose of the Winds" are Genoese, of about the
year 13 18. During the summer of 1901 the invention of the mariner's compass by
Gioja was celebrated at Amalfi by the Italians.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 2 I
The character of the compass used in Mediterranean waters in the fourteenth
century is seen from a statement of Da Buti's in 1380: '*The navigators have a
compass, in the middle of which is pivoted a wheel of light paper which turns on its
I»vot, and that on this wheel the needle is fixed and the star (Rose of the Winds)
painted.** The adoption of this compass by the English did not apparently take place
for some time, as Chaucer does not mention until 1391 the division of the compass circle
into 32 points instead of 24 points.
< < r^^-m^m A «« >>
DERIVATION OF THE WORD COMPASS.
The following quotation is from Prof. J. A. Fleming's lecture on ' ' The Earth a
Great Magnet,'* delivered at Bristol, England, in 1898:
**The word compass is an old English word, signifying a circle. * My green bed
embroidered with a compass * is mentioned in the will of Edward, Duke of York, who
died in 1415.
' * The well-known instrument for describing a circle is called a compass or pair of
compasses. To encompass means to surround as by a circle, and most of you at some
time or another have seen a public house with the sign of the ' Goat and the compasses,*
which antiquarians tell us is only a corruption of the old pious house motto, *God
encompasses us.* Hence the magnetic instrument takes its familiar name from the
circle of degrees or points which Peregrinus or Gioja added to enable it to indicate the
angular distance of an object from the meridian. ' '
VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY.
Under the initiative of Prince Henry of Portugal — Henry the Navigator — who
founded a naval college, corrected charts, improved compasses, and made other advances
in navigation, the compass played an important part in the great voyages of discovery
of the fifteenth century. No important discovery relating to the compass resulted,
however, until the memorable voyage of Columbus in 1492. Before passing to this
mention should be made of the former compass charts toward the close of the fourteenth
century and the first half of the fifteenth.
. Compass Charts.
The earl}' charts of the Mediterranean coasts of the fourteenth and fifteenth
centuries were oriented by the compass and all bearings from one port to another were
compass directions; hence these charts are known as * * compass charts. * * It will be
recalled that at their date the magnetic declination of the compass had not become
known; it was believed that the compass pointed **true to the north pole,'* and that,
hence, compass directions were also true directions. If a compass showed any marked
departure from the true north this was accredited to mechanical imperfection in its
construction.
The earliest of these charts were by Marino Sanuto, between 1306 and 1324.
The best, however, are those in the atlas of Andrea Bianco of the year 1436 and this atlas
has been subjected to a critical examination by Oscar Peschel.^ He found that in spite
^Der Atlas des Andrea Bianco' vom Jahre 1436, in zehn Tafeln. Photographische Facsimile in
der Grosse des Originals, vollstandig heraiisgegeben von Max Miinster und mit einem Vorworte
versehen von Oscar Peschel. Venedig, H. F. M. Miinster, 1869.
22 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
of the crude appliances in use at that date the distances from place to place harmonized
with later, more accurate determinations in a most remarkable manner, but the places
were not always in their proper parallels of latitude, their departure therefrom varying
in a perfectly systematic manner. Thus two places on the west Mediterranean coast
were in the same parallel of latitude as places on the east Mediterranean coast, which
as a matter of fact are situated in lower latitudes. In other words, the places had been
plotted according to magnetic meridians and parallels. By measuring the angle for
Rome, through which the chart ^ had to be turned in an ENW. direction, in order
that the various places would fall in their proper geographic parallels, the writer found
that the magnetic declination at Rome was about 5° East in 14.^6 {or mx>re likely
before y since the charts were undoubtedly constructed from data obtained during m^ny years
prior to date of publication, //j<5). This is the earliest information at preseyit obtainable
regarding the amount of the magnetic declinatio?i in Europe.
BIRTH OF THE SCIENCE OF TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM.
Discovery of the Magnetic Declination at Sea.
That the needle pointed * * true to the pole ' * of the heavens or to the pole star had
been, as we have seen, the general belief up to the close of the fifteenth century. It
remained for the terrorized sailors on Columbus's first voyage to the New World to
be made aware of the next great fact of the Earth's magnetism, viz, that the needle
changes its direction from place to place and points exactly north and south over but
a ver>^ limited region of the Earth.
It will be recalled that after leaving Palos Columbus set sail for Gomera, one of
the Canary Islands, from whence he laid his course due west. Not many days out
from Gomera, on September 13, 1492, to the great consternation of the sailors, it was
noticed that ' * at the first of the evening of this day the needles varied to the N W. , and
the next morning about as much in the same direction. * * * September 17 the
pilot took the sun's amplitude and found that the needle varied to the NW. a whole
point of the compass. The seamen were terrified and dismayed, w^ithout saying w^hy.
The admiral discovered the cause and directed them to take the amplitude again next
morning, when they found that the needles were true. The cause was that the star
moved from its place, while the needles remained stationary." *
Before this time, as will be seen from Fig. 4, which gives the lines of equal magnetic
declination for 1500, as recently drawn by van Bemmelen, the compass had pointed a
few degrees east of north, but the amount, about 3° at Palos and at Gomera, was too
small to attract special attention, and if it had it would have been attributed to an
imperfection in the construction of the compass. The compasses used were doubtless
divided into points (ti3^°) and half points, allowing quarter points (about 3°) to be
estimated. (In Fig. 4 the minus sign means east declination.)
After leaving Gomera the easterly declination of the compass, it will be seen,
steadily diminished, until about September 13, when it was observed in the evening to
«Bianco's chart in E. Mayer's *' Die Entwickelung der Seekarten, Wien, 1877" was used.
& Personal Narrative of the First Voyage of Columbus to America, translated by Sanmel Kettell.
Published by Thomas B. Wail & Son, Boston; G. C. Carvill, New York, and Carey & I^ea, Philadel-
phia, 1827.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM.
23
pass from east to west. According to Schott*s computation,^ the flagship of Columbus
was at noon on September 13, 1492, in north latitude 28° 21', and in longitude 29° 16'
west of Greenwich. This position is probably not far from the place through which
the Hne of no magnetic declination — the so-called agonic line — along which the needle
did stand * * true to the pole, ' ' passed at that date. This line, as is seen from Fig. 4, laj'
a little to the west of Fayal Island of the Azores.
It will be noticed from the above extracts that on September 17 Columbus had
gone far enough west of this line to have had the compass bear a whole point ( 1 1 J4^ ° )
to the west. That the next morning "the needles were true again" is inexplicable,
except that in order to allay the fears of his sailors he practiced some pardonable decep-
tion on them, and may possibly have changed the points of the compass, as he had done,
according to his own confession, once before on another voyage, in order to force the
inclination of a possibly mutinous crew to his will.
-^*
Pig. 4. — I,ines of equal magnetic declination tor 1500 (van Bexnmelen).
The explanation which Columbus gave for the departure of the needles observed
between September 13 and 17, that the North Star moved in its place, while the needles
remained stationary, was, of course, a mere fiction to quiet the apprehensions of his
crew. Columbus, according to the history written by his son, believed, as did Pere-
grinus and Bacon, that the needle was attracted or directed not by the Pole Star, but
by all points of the heavens.
According to Schott's investigations, it would seem that toward the end of Sep-
tember, when about in midocean, the needle had reached its maximum westerly pointing;
thereafter.it continued to diminish, until at the first landing place of Columbus, which,
according to the researches of Lieut. J. B. Murdock,^ of the United States Navy, appears
unquestionably to have occurred at Watlings Island, the needle bore but a trifle west.
«See Appendix No. 19, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1880, p. 5, and
Appendix No. 7, report for 1888, p. 305.
ft "The Cruise of Columbus in the Bahamas, 1492." Proceedings of the U. S. Naval Institute
No. 30, Annapolis, April, 1884.
24 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Columbus himself does not mention the declination of the compass after Sep-
tember 17, nor does he say anything about the behavior of the compass on his
return voyage, nor does he record anything regarding the compass on his second voj^age
(1493-1496), nor on the fourth (1502-1504). However, on the third voyage (from
1498 to 1500), he writes as follows:
"I remarked that from north to south in traversing these hundred leagues (300
geographical miles) from the said islands (Azores) the needle of the compass, which
hitherto had turned toward the NE., turned a full quarter of the wind to the NW.,
and this took place from the time we reached that line.""
Continuing, he says, '*For in sailing thence (fr6m the Azores) westward the ship
went on rising smoothly toward the sky and then the weather was felt to be milder. On
account of which mildness the needle shifted one point of the compass; the further we
went the more the needle went to the NW., this elevation producing the variation of
the circle which the North Star describes with its satellites.***
A second point in the line of no magnetic declination, situated farther north than
the one of Columbus, was found by Sebastian Cabot and dates from 1497 or 1498. He
found, when on the meridian no miles west of the island of Flores, one of the Azores,
and in latitude approximately 46° or 47°, that he was in a position where the needle
had ' ' no variation. ' * ^
This line along which the needle pointed exactly to the north, one point of which
had been discovered by Columbus and another by Sebastian Cabot, was believed to be
a convenient line, '* given by nature herself,'* from which to reckon longitude, especially
as it almost passed through the place from which longitude was then reckoned, and it
figured prominently for many years in political geography as the line of demarcation
between the rival kingdoms of Portugal and Castile. It can be seen, however, by
referring to Fig. 4, that this line does not coincide with a true meridian and that it is
« Select letters of Columbus, 2d edition, translated and edited by H. Major, London, 1870; printed
for the Hakluyt Society, pp. 131, 135.
'^ Regarding this passage Schott (App. 19, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1880, p. 414)
says: " It is evident that the extract from the third voyage is but an amplification of his first account,
and expresses his conviction that west of the Azores, where the declination was a little easterly, it
changed to the westward, being nearly zero at Corvo, and gradually increasing to one point or 11° W.
at a distance of 300 nautical miles west of the longitude of Corvo. The position of Rosario, on the
southeast part of the island of Corvo, is, according to the Carta Esf erica de las Islas Azores, Madrid, 1855,
in latitude 39° 41^ and longitude 24° 53^ west of San Fernando, or in 31° 07^ west of Green^nch
(according to the Conn, des Temps); 100 leagues or 300 nautical miles west of this long^itude would
correspond (in latitude 28°) to 5° 40^ and would bring the Columbus line in longitude 36° 47' W.'*
<^In App. 7, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1888, p. 305, second footnote, Schott
says: "Soon after the discovery by Columbus of a point of no variation in the Atlantic, Sebastian
Cabot discovered a second one farther north and evidently belonging to the same agonic curve. Livio
Sanuto states in his Geographica Distincta (Venice, 1588) that he procured the information from
Sebastian Cabot and made use of his map (probably that composed in 1544), on which the position of
the meridian intersecting the point of no variation was seen to be no miles to the west of the island
of Flores, one of the Azores; see Narrative and Critical History of America, by Justin Winsor, Vol. Ill,
Boston and New York, 1884, p. 41. This discovery was probably made on the second voyage of the
Cabots, in 1498, although it may have been noted in the first, 1497, by the elder Cabot. The latitude
of the point is uncertain, but may be approximated from the fact that in the first voyage land was
apparently sighted at Cape Breton, and in the second the coast of New Foundland (Baccalaos), which
is said to have been made from the north."
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 25
moreover a very devious and variable line, ever changing its course and form with the
lapse of time.
Thus by Ike end of the fifteenth century the two new facts that the compass needle does
not, in general, point true north or south, but a certain amount east or west, and that the
amount varies with locality, had become known among western natiofis; Columbus must be
credited with their discovery." The necessity for measuring the angle of pointing of the
needle thus became apparent in 1492, and hence this must be regarded as Ike year of birth
of the science of terrestrial magnetism, which has for its special object the measurement of
ike earth's magnetic elements.
Discovery of the Magnetic Decunation on Land.
According to Hellmann,* "It was the construction of sundials that first brought
those on land to a true perception of the declination of the magnetic needle from the
astronomical meridian ' ' and ' ' not the discovery of Columbus, of which nothing appeared
in print." In the early part of the sixteenth century the quaint old German town of
Nuremburg was quite a center for the manufacture of sundial^ provided with magnetic
needles, which found a ready market not only in Germany but in many other countries
and were widely used.
One of the most famous of these "compass makers," as the makers of these com-
pass sundials were called, was Georg Hartmann, who lived in Nuremburg from the
<• Columbus is generally credited merely with the discovery of the second fact, viz, the change of
the magnetic declination from place to place. However, no satisfactory evidence has thus far come
to light, as has been shown, that the first fact was known before his time, except apparently among
the Chinese.
'■"The Beginnings of Magnetic Observations," by G. Hellmann, Journal Terrestrial Magnetism,
Vol. IV, pp. 73-86.
26 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
year 1518 until his death, serving as vicar of the famous church of St. Sebaldus.
Hartmann lived in Rome about 15 10 and appears to have made there the first observa-
tion of the magnetic declination on land, finding that the magnetic needle pointed at
Rome 6° east of north. Apparently he did not make known this discovery until in a
letter written March 4, 1544, to Count Albert of Prussia. In his letter he also says
that at Nuremburg the needle points 10° and "at other places more or less."
Big. 5 is a reproduction of an ivory sundial found by Le Monnier ° in the collec-
tion of Prince de Conti and constructed by Hieronymus Bellarmartus. It shows that
the needle at Paris pointed in 1541 about 7° east — this being the oldest known value at
Paris.
Early Methods for Determining the Magnetic Declination and the
Earliest Values on Land.
The earliest method was that used by Columbus of noting the magnetic bearing of
the Pole Star. A Sevillian apothecary, Felipe Guillen, devised an instrument which
he presented to the King of Portugal, Joao III, in 1525, and which he tenned '' bnijula
de variacidn,'' By means of this instrument the declination was determined by noting
with the aid of the shadow thrown by a stylus, the magnetic bearing of the Sun at
equal altitudes before and after noon; the half difference of the bearings was the decli-
nation.
The first one who published useful methods for determining the magnetic declina-
tion appears to have been Francisco Falero * in 1535. In Hellmann's * * Rara Magnetica ' *
is reproduced the special chapter on this subject entitled ' ' Del Nordestear de la
Agujas.*' According to Hellmann, in Falero* s book is found the first reference i?t print
to the magnetic declination.
He gives the following three methods for its determination: (i) Magnetic bearing
of Sun at apparent noon when the shadow of the stylus falls to the north: (2) Guillen's
method, and (3) magnetic bearing of Sun at sunrise and sunset.
In 1537 Pedro Nunes improved Guillen's instrument, adding the means for meas-
uring the Sun's altitude and inventing a new method for the determination of latitude
at any time' of day.
The first fairly extensive series of carefully made declinations at sea is due to Joao
de Castro, who in 1538 commanded one of eleven ships sent to the East Indies by the
Infanta Dom Luiz and who later became the fourth vice king of India. He diligently
made magnetic, meteorological, and hydrographic observations on the entire voyage.**
The first treatise published on the subject in England was that of W. Borough:
*'A Discours of the Variation," London, 1581, annexed to Norman's '*Newe Attract-
ive," and republished with it three times (1585, 1596, and 1614). The methods
in principle are Falero's. Borough gives in this book his obsen^ations for deter-
mining the magnetic declination at London (Limehouse), on October 16, 1580, being
a Le Monnier: '*Histoire de T Academic Royale de Sciences," Ann^e, 1771, p. 29. The cut is
reproduced from Hellman's article cited above.
'^Tratado del Esphera y del arte del marear, Sevilla, 1535.
<*The most recent collection and utilization of the values will be found in van Bemnielen's '* Die
Abweichung der Magnetnadel," Batavia, 1899.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 27
doubtless the first observations printed in detail. He deduced from these a value of
11° 15' E.«
The first collection of values (42) of the magnetic declination of the sixteenth
century, which, however, was far from being complete, was contained in Simon Stevin's
'*De Havenvinding,*' published in Dutch, at Leyden, in 1599.* This was translated
into Latin by Hugo de Groot (Grotius) under the title of ''/iijA€VTp€TtK?j sive portuum
investigandorum ratio,'* and likewise published in 1599. It was translated by
Edward Wright into English and published separately, and also appended to the third
edition of his Errors in Navigation; the table of declinations had appeared already
in the second edition of his work. The following definition of the magnetic declination
taken from Grotius' s translation is of interest: *'Declinatio magneticae ^ Septentrione
ad Orientem, avarXKr^os vocatur, Occidentem versus dvffiajjLo^^ et nomine universali
XaXi/36KXi(Tig:x^Xvfio'^^i(^t5^ ante et opdo/SopsodetStg generaU ^aA.t>y5ode/^£a?^
nomine appellantur. ' '
It will be seen that he used the tenn ** magnetic declination" to denote what
Norman, Borough, and, later, Gilbert termed as "variation of the compass.^ The
same writers used the word ** declination " to denote what is now known as dip or
* ' inclination. ' ' Because of this confusion of terms, careful scrutiny of the early refer-
ences regarding ' * declination ' ' is necessary. Instead of Grotius' s terms, ' * anatolismos' '
for east declination and "dusismos" for west declination, the Dutch original has
**Ostering" and "Westering," respectively, whereas Wright uses "variation west"
and * ' variation east. ' ' The terminology of Grotius was extensivelv used by the seven-
teenth century authors of works on magnetism in the Latin language. Ste\an's inter-
esting little work owed its origin to the patronage of Count Moritz of Nassau, admiral
of the Dutch fleet, who saw the great importance in navigation of accurate knowledge
of the magnetic declination.
Table I represents an attempt to collect the values of the magnetic declination up
to the year 1600, inclusive, for places on land or in its \'icinity, for which the year of
observation is known or for which it is possible to assign an approximate date. ' As
the fact of the secular change of th€ magnetic declination did not become known until
the next century, it was not customary to affix a date to an observation.' The sign
it in the table means that the date is approximate. The values obtained with sea
compasses require careful scrutiny, as these compasses were frequently shifted to allow
for the supposed variation or "error" of the needle. Thus, Robert Norman, instru-
« Actual mean was 11° ly or nearly 11 3^°, the quantity given by Gilbert in the " De Magnete."
Both Norman and Borough persistently give 11** 15''. Gellibrand later recalculated Borough's obser-
vations, making allowance for atmospheric refraction, and deduced a mean value of 11° 16''. (See
** Walker's Terrestrial and Cosmical Magnetism,'* 1866. )
ft The table of values was obtained by Stevin from the cartographer P. Plancius, who is said to
have entered them on a globe or a chart completed in 1592. Hence they refer to dates prior to 1592.
<^From x^^Xviff (genitive, x^^Xvfioi)^ steel, and tcXtyetVy to decline, hence, declination of the
magnet.
<^The term "variation*' may have been derived from Guillen, who termed his instrument for
determining it "briijula de variaci6n." (See p. 26.)
« "And although this variation of the needle be found in Trauell to be divers and changeable, yet at
any land or fixed place assigned it remaineth always one, still permanent and abyding." R. Norman,
"The Newe Attractive," 1581.
28
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
ment maker, in 1581, says: ''Of the common Sayling Compasses, I find heere (in
Europa) five simdry sortes or sets" — according to the amount of correction allowed
for by different makers. Thus, "b}' the Isle of Saint Michaell in the Acorres,*' he
found ' ' that the North poynt of the common compass, showeth the Pole very neere
in that Meridian y but the bare Needle sheweth about 4 Degrees 50 Minutes to the
Eastwards of the Pole."
It was not until the close of the sixteenth century that the ' * variation from the
true north * ' came to be generally accepted as an actual fact of nature and not one to
be accredited to the imperfection of the construction of the compass.
Table I. — Earliest values of the magnetic declination up to 1600 for places on land or in
its vicinity, ^
No.
Date.
Place.
Country.
Latitude.
Longitude.
Magnetic
Declina-
tion.
Authority or observer.
I
1436 (prior)
Rome
Italy
t
41 54N
/
12 27E
/
b5 K
L> A. Bauer from Com-
pass Charts
2
i5io±
do.
do.
41 54N
la 27 E
6 E
Georg Hartmann
3
i5i8±
Bay of Guinea
Africa
• «
ft ft ft ft
("K E)
Picro di Giovanni
d'Antonio di Dino
4
1520±
Vienna
Austria
48 15 N
16 21 E
4 E
Johann Georg Tann-
stetter (Rheticus)
5
1523 (?)
Landshut (?)
Germany
• • •
ft ft ft ft
9 E
Petrus Apianus
6
i532±
Ingolstadt
do.
• • • •
ft ft ft ft
10 30 E
Do.
7
1534
Dieppe
France
4956N
I 05 E
10 E
Francois or Crignon
8
1537
Florence
Italy
• • •
ft ft ft ft
9 E
Mauro (Sphera vol-
gare novamente tra-
dotta. Venetia, 1537.
4°, fol. 53»)
9
1538
Nuremburg
Germany
• ft ft •
• ft • ft
10 15 E
Georg Hartmann
10
1538, April
Lisbon
Portugal
38 42N
9 OS w
7 30E
Joao de Castro
II
1538, Aug. 10
Mozambique
Africa
1502 S
40 46 E
645E
Do.
12
1539 =t
Dantzig
Germany
• ft •
ft ft ft ft
13 E
Georg Joachim Rhe-
ticus
13
»54i
Paris
France
4852N
2 20 E
7 E
Hieronymus Bellar-
matus
14
1544^
Nuremburg
Germany
ft ft ft
ft ft ft ft
10 E
Georg Hartmann
15
i546±
Island Walchereu
Holland
• ft ft ft
ft • ft
9 E
Gerhard Mercator
16
1550
Paris
France
48 52 N
2 20 E
8 E
Orontius Pineeus
17
1556 July 17
Petchora R. (mouth)
Russia
69 10 N
5500E
3 30W
Stephen Borough
18
1556, July 27
Nova Zembla(S.coast)
do.
70 42 N
57 30 E
730W
Do.
19
1556, Aug. 6
Vaigatch I. (coast)
do.
70 25 N
59 ooE
8 ooW
Do.
20
1557
Kholmogery
do.
64 25N
41 50E
5 loE
Do.
21
1557, June 2
Dogsnose (2 miles on
shore to northward )
do.
6547N
40 00 E
4 ooE
Do.
22
1557, June 16
Kola Peninsula
do.
66 59N
39 30E
3 30E
Do.
23
1569
Bdckstein
Austria
47 05 N
13 07 H
15 ooE
[Doppler's collection]
24
^575±5
St. Michael Island
Azores
37 DO N
25 00 w
450E
R. Norman
25
1576, June
Gravesend
England
51 23 N
20 E
II 30 E
Frobisher
26
1576, June
Fair Island (SW. of)
Scotland
59 20N
2 10 W
II 09E
Do.
"Compiled from the following sources: No. i derived from Bianco's compass charts (see p. 21); 3-15, inclusive, from
Hellmann and Wagner's collections (Journal " Terrestrial Magnetism," Vol. IV, p. 80, and Vol. VII, No. 2); No. 24 from
Norman's "The Newe Attractive," (see citation, p. 43; the date was approximately assigned), Nos. 31 and 33, from
W. Borough's " Variation of the Compass," 1581. (Norman in his book also states that he found at London 11° 15' by
his own observation. Doubtless Borough and Norman made the London observation together.) The rest of the
observations except No. 28 (see footnote c) are taken from Hansteen's " Magnetismus der Erde," and principally from
van Bemmelen's valuable collections, " Ab weichung der Magnetnadel," Batavia, 1899.
bit is a curious coincidence that this value agrees precisely with the one (5° E.) which had been for so long
erroneously ascribed to Peregrinus, as having been observed by him in 1269. See p. 20.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM.
29
Table I. — Earliest values of the magnetic declination up to 1600 for places on land or in
its vicinity — Continued.
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53 j
54
55
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
«4
65
66
67
68
69
579
579 (?)
580, Apr. 17
580, June 1 1-16
580. Oct. 4
580, Oct. 16
580
581 (before)
587, Apr.
587, May 25.
587, Aug.
587
587
587. June 30
587. July 23
589, Aug. 14
589, Sept. 13
589, Sept. 22
589, Sept. 23
589, Nov. 12 •
594
595, Jan.
595. Jan.
595, Aug. 4
595, Sept. 3
596, June 22
596. June 9
596, June 23
596, July 21
596. July 31
596
596
596
596
596
596-99
597. Feb.
597. Apr. 24
597, May 4
597, Aug. 11
598. June 28
598, Sept. 38
598, Dec. 31
Bermejo Port
Cape Mendocino
(near)
Astrakhan
Bildih
Derbent
. I^ndon
I Paris
I Vaigatch Island
' Maipo
Puna
Mauranilla
I Cape Corientes
Cape San Lucas (near)
G reenland, K. coast
Cumberland Bay,
NW. end
Santa Cruz (Flores)
Fayal, in the town
do.
do.
NE.of CapeFinisterre
Off Cape St. Vincent
Off Cape Barbas
Off Cape Roxo
Bay Aguada de Sam-
bras (Mossel Bay?)
Off Cape San Roman
Entrance Sunda Sts.
Bear Island (Cherry)
Hinlopen Strait
No\'a Zembla, Cross I.
do.
Nova Zembla, I«an-
geneus
Vaigatch Island
Williams Island
Yshoek
Nova Zembla
Graz
Bali Strait,eastendof
Africa (SB. coast)
Off Cape of Good
Hope
Off Egmont
Off Martin Vaz I.
Off Mauritius Island
Off Bantam
Country.
I^atitude.
/
Longitude.
Magnetic
Declina-
tion.
Authority or observer
G /
/
South America
50 25S
75 ooE
00
P. Sarmiento de Gam-
boa
California
39 00 N
124 00 W
09 00 E
Sir Francis Drake
Russia
46 21 N
48 02 E
1340W
Chr. Borough
do.
40 25 N
49 30E
ID 40 W
Do.
do.
42 05 N
48 15 E
11 ooW
Do.
England
51 31 N
o3E
II 15 E
W. Boroughs and R
Norman
France
48 52 N
2 30 E
II 30 E
Severtius
Russia
70 ± N
58 ± E
7 CO W
W. Boroughs
South America
34 ooS
71 39 W
2 30 W
Cavendish
do.
245S
80 ooW
3 ooE
Do.
Mexico
18 15 N
104 00 W
3 ooE
Do.
do.
3045N
106 00 W
3 00 E
Do.
do.
22 55N
III 56 W
3 ooE
Do.
72 10 N
56 ooW
38 00 W
Davis
67 ooN
67 30W
30 00 W
Do.
Azores
3950N
3040W
64 00 W
Edward Wright
do.
3850N
27 40 W
«»i 30E
Do.
do.
3850N
27 40W
64 40 E
Do.
do.
3850N
27 40 W
^3 »o E
Do.
Spain.
44 25N
10 00 w
«7 00 E
Do.
do.
37 05 N
9 10 W
5 15E
Robert Dudley
Africa
22 00 N
17 00 w
3 ooE
Do.
Porto Rico
17 54N
67 5W
300W
Do.
Africa
34 loS
32 00 E
00
Corn. Houtman
Madagascar
25 30S
46 50 E
13 00 W
Do.
6 ooS
104 20 E
4 00 W
Do.
74 10 N
16 00 E
13 ooE
Willem Barentsz
Spitzbei-gen
16 ooN
7940W
17 00 E
Do.
Russia
7645N
59 ooE
26 00 W
Do.
do.
7645N
59 ooE
17 00 W
Do.
do.
7340N
53 30E
25 ooW
Do.
do.
69 loN
61 10 E
24 30 w
Do.
do.
75 50 N
5830E
33 ooW
Do.
do.
7655N
67 30E
27 00 W
Do.
do.
76 07N
6834E
26 00 w
Do.
Austria
47 07N
15 25 E
6 00 W
J. Kepler
Java
8 30S
114 50 E
d2 00 W
Com. Houtman
32 30S
38 50E
5 00 W
Do.
3450S
18 20E
30 E
Do.
Holland, coast
52 30 N
4 30 E
15 ooE
Do.
20 38S
31 13 w
II 10 E
Van Neck
20 27 S
67 30 E
22 15 W
Do.
Java
6 ooS
106 10 E
5 loW
Do.
a This value is given on a map by R. Dudley in the "Arcano del Mare,'* and preserved by Petrus Koerius. dated 16461
showing the coast of New Albion, discovered by Sir P. Drake in 1579. Narrative and critical hisfory of America, Justin
Winaor, vol. 2, Boston and New York, 1886.
^These observation.s according to Hansteen, were made by Wright with W. Boroughs' compass described in B.'s book
oThis value is given by Hansteen in one place as 7^^ 40'. in another as 7^ 04'; Van Bemmelen apparently rounds off
the value to 7°.
d Not quite 2^.
30
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table I. — Earliest values of the magnetic declination up to r 600 for places on land or in
its vicinity — Concluded.
No.
Date.
Place.
Country.
Latitude.
Longitude.
Magnetic
Declina-
tion.
Authority or observer.
/
/
/
70
1599, Feb. 9
OfiF Aroabaya
Madura Island
7 ooS
xia 50 E
2 30W
Van Neck.
71
I599> Apr. 3^
Amboina, west end
3 a6S
138 30 E
3 loB
Do.
72
1599, Apr. 19
Off Temate and Ti-
dore
I 02 N
127 20 E
3 loE
Do.
73
1600, May 7
Off St. Helena Island
1555S
543W
738E
Do.
74
1600, May 22
In bay, I. Ste. Marie
Madagascar
1540S
47 30E
16 30 W
Wilkens
75
1600, July 13
Off Maldive Islands
Indian Ocean
2 ooN
7300E
15 00 W
Do.
76
1600
Between Bum and
Amboina
Dutch E. I.
345S
127 30 E
3 ooE
Do.
77
1600, Sept.
Off BanUm
Java
6 ooS
io6 loE
5 ooW
Do.
78
1600
Constantinople
Turkey
41 01 N
28 50E
00
79
1600 (before)
Antwerp
Belgium
51 13 N(
424E
9 ooE
80
1600
Konigsberg
Prussia
5442N
ao a6E
00
81
1600 (before)
Plymouth
England
50 a6N
4 19W
13 24R
82
1600, Sept. 26
Cape San Sebastian
Madagascar
12 42S
47 40 E
1600W
J. Lankester
Glancing over these values, it will be seen that in the sixteenth century the
needle pointed east of north over the greater part of Europe, whereas now it as per-
sistently points west, except in the eastern part. Cf, the charts of lines of equal
magnetic declination for 1500 (Fig. 4) and 1600 (Fig. 17).
Discovery of the Magnetic Inclination.
The year 1 581 is memorable as having produced the first two works treating dis-
tinctively of the earth's magnetism. The first, that of Robert Norman, entitled **The
Newe Attractive,"^ heralded to the world an entirely new fact about the magnetic
needle — '*a newe discovered secret and subtill propertie concemyng the Declinyng of
the Needle, touched therewith under the plaine of the Horizon.'* This discovery of the
dip of the needle below the horizon was made in 1576 by Norman^ a practical seamun, or
* * hydrographer^^^ as he styles himself, and an instrumefit maker. Thus the second element
of the earth's magnetismr came to light and gave another incentive for magnetic measure-
ments. In Chapter III of his quaint and exceedingly rare book he relates '*by what
meanes the rare and strange declining of the Needle, from the plaine of the horizon
was first found. ' '
**Hauing made many and diuers compaffes, and ufing alwaies to finifh and end
them before I touched the needle, I found continually, that after I had touched the
yrons with the Stone, that prefently the north point thereof would bend or Decline
downwards under the Horizon in fome quantitie: infomuch that to the Flie of the
compaffe, which before was madeequall, I was ftill conf trained to put fome fmall peece
of waxe in the South part thereof, to couuterpoife this Declining, and to make it equall
againe. x
' ' Which efiFect having many times paffed my hands without any great regard there-
unto, as ignorant of any fuch propertie in the Stone, and not before hauing heard nor
« Principal parts reproduced in facsimile in Hellmann's reprints, **Rara Magnetica," Berlin, 1898.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 3 1
read of any fuch matter: It chaunced at length that there came to my hands an
Inftrument to bee made, with a Needle of fixe inches long, which needle after I had
pollifhed, cut ofiF at Juft length, and made it to ftand levell upon the pinne, fo that
nothing refted but onely the touching of it with the stone: when I had touched the
fame, prefently the north part thereof Declined downe in fuch fort, that beeing conftrayned
to cut away fome of that part, to make it equall againe, in the end I cut it too fhort,
and fo fpoyled the needle wherein I had taken fo much paynes.
* ' Hereby beeing f troken in fome choUer, I applyed my self to feeke further into this
eflFect, and making certayne learned and expert men (my friends) acquainted in this
matter, they advifed me to frame fome Inftrument, to make fome exact tryal, how
much the needle touched with the Stone would Dedifie, or what greatef t Angle it would
make with thee plaine of the Horizon. Whereupon I made diligent proofes: the
manner whereof is fhewed in the Chapter following.''
Chapter IV next tells ' * how to finde the greatest Declining of the Needle, under
the Horizon ' ' :
' * Take a f mall Needle of Steele wier, of five or fixe inches long, the f mailer and
the finer mettall the betfer, and in the middle thereof (croffe the fame) by the beft
means you can, fixe as it were a fmall Axeltree of yron or braffe, of an inch long, or
thereabout, and make the ends thereof very fharpe, whereupon the Needle may hang
levell, and play at his pleafure.
* * Then provide a round plaine Inftrument like an Af trolobe, to be divided exactly
into 360 partes, whofe diameter muft be the length of the Needle, or thereabout, and
the fame inftrument to bee placed uppon a foot of convenient height, with a plumme
line to fette it perpendicular.
' * Then in the Center of the fame Instrument place a peece of Glaffe hollowed, and
againft the fame Center uppon fome place of Braffe that may be fixed upon the foot of
the Inftrument, fit another peece of Glaffe, in fuch forte that the fharpe eudes of the
Axeltree beeing borne in thefe two Glaffes, the Needle may play freely at his pleafure,
according to the ftanding of the Inftrument.
*' And the Needle muft be fo perfected, that it may hang upon his Axeltree both
ends levell with the Horizon, or being turned, may ftand and remaine at any place that
it fhall be fette: which being done, touch the faide Needle with the Magnes ftone, and
fet the Inftrument perpendicular by the plumme line, and turne the edge of the Inftru-
ment South and North, fo as the Needle may ftand duley according to the Variation of
the place: which Variation the Needle of his owne propertie would fhew, were it not
that he is conftrained to the contrarie by the Axletree.
''Then fhall you fee thit Declination of the North point of the touched Needle,
which for this Citie of London, I finde by exact obfervation to be about 71 degrees 50
minutes. This forme of the inftrument heere .defcribed with the manner of the decli-
nation, I have heere placed that it may be the eafier conceived."
He next proves by experiment and weighings that it is not want of balance of
needle nor the rubbing of it with the loadstone that makes this ''declining of the
needle.''
One can not but admire the painstaking and conscientious labors of Norman and
the precision with which he set out to determine the amount of "declining." It will
32
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
be noted that he explicitly states that the angle must be determined with the instru-
ment standing "duley according to the Variation of the place '* — that is, in the magnetic
meridian. It is curious, however, that he should call this the *' greatest declining,"
whereas in the plane of the magnetic meridian the declining is really the least ^ the angle
increasing as the instrument is turned away from the magnetic meridian and reaching
its maximum amount of 90° in a magnetic east and west plane. How exact his obser-
vation of 71° 50' is can not be judged in the absence of further details.
From the letter, cited on page 26, which the famous \dcar of Nuremburg, Georg
Hartmann, WTOte March 4, 1544, to
Count Albert of Prussia, it is apparent
that he had already become aware of the
dipping of the north end of the needle.
He says: ' * Besides, I find this also in the
magnet, that it not only turns from the
north and deflects to the east about 9°
more or less, as I have reported, but it
points downw'ard. This may be proved
as follows: I make a needle a finger long,
which stands horizontally on a pointed
pivot, so that it nowhere inclines toward
the earth but stands horizontal on both
sides. But as soon as I stroke one of
the ends (with the lodestone), it matters
not which end it be, then the needle
no longer stands horizontal, but points
downward some 9° more or less. The
reason why this happens I was not able
to indicate to His Royal Majesty.**
Hartmann 's letter was not published
until it was rescued from oblivion in the
third decade of the nineteenth century,
and its contents do not appear to have
been ksowni to Norman or to any of the
writers of that period. It was recently
republished in facsimile by Hellmann in
his "Rara Magnetica." Hartmann did not mount his needle in such a manner as to
show the precise amount of dip, as did Norman, but simply obser\'ed the dip of the
north end of a compass needle, mounted as ordinarily, on a pivot, so that instead of
getting about 65®, as he ought to have done, he only found 9°. As is well known the
dip of the north end of a compass is nowadays usually overcome in the northern magnetic
hemisphere by a sliding brass weight or ring on the south end. Accordingly, the principal
credit for the discovery of the magnetic dip must undoubtedly be assigned to Norman J^
It is a keen pleasure to peruse Norman's book, which was so popular that it was
Fig. 6,— First Dip Circle (Noniiaii's 1576).
alt has also been claimed that reference to the dip of the needle is made in Fortunius Affaytatus's
book, **Physicae et astronomicae," published in 1549, but this does not appear to be the case.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM.
33
republished four times (1585, 1596, 1614, and again in 1720, bound with Whiston's
treatise), and note the admirable and modest manner in which he relates his experi-
ments and discoveries, differing greatly in this respect from Gilbert, who, in his great
work (1600), vehemently abuses almost every writer on magnetism and rarely credits
anyone with the facts previously discovered.
Norman must clearly be given credit for being the first to divine that the point or
source of power which the needle respects is in the earth and not in the heavens, as had
been generally supposed before his time. He says:
"And by the Declining of the Needle, is alfo proved, that the point Refpectivey is
rather in the earth than in the Heavens, as fome have imagined; and the greateft
reafon why they fo thought (as I judge) was becaufe they never were acquaynted with
this Declining in the Needle, which doubtleffe if Martin Curtes had known, he weuld
not have judged the Attractive point to have been in th^ Heavens, or without them, but
rather in the earth. ' '
Note also this remarkable sentence: "And surely I am of opinion, that if this
Vertue could by any means be made vifible to the E^'^e of man,
it would be found in in a sphericall forme, extending rounde
about the Stone in great Compaffe, and the dead bodie of the
Stone in the middle thereof. Whose center is the center of
his aforefaid Vertue. And this I have partly prooved and
made Vifible to be scene in some manner, and God sparing
mee life, I will herein make further Experience and that not
curioufly, but in the Feare of God, as neare as he shall give
mee grace, and meane to annex the same unto a Booke of
Navigation, which I have had long in hand."
This is undoubtedly the source from which Gilbert got
his idea of the "orbs virtutis " — the circular orb of virtue
surrounding the globular lodestone. In fact, Gilbert in no way
improves on Norman' s idea but adopts it bodily. Some writers
have extravagantly asserted that Gilbert anticipated Faraday's
conception of the field of force surrounding a magnet.
Norman also proves experimentally that the attraction exerted on the magnet does
not produce motion of translation but simply that of rotation (of the compass needle
and of the dip needle).^ His figure illustrating the experiment is herewith (Fig. 7)
reproduced (half size).
« In experiments with the terrella the needle is attracted obliquely or directly toward the globe
with a very perceptible force. This is because the length of the needle is so considerable in propor-
tion to the diameter of the globe that the magnetic forces on the two ends are not equal and parallel.
But the length of the longest of mariner's compass needles is not more than about -i-^-^-i^-^jus and the
length of the largest bar magnet that has ever been suspended so as to show by its movements any
motive tendency it may experience from the force of terrestrial magnetism is not more than ^^-^-^^ -^j^js
of the Earth's diameter, and therefore magnetic needles or bar magnets experimented on in any part
of the world experience no sensible attraction toward or repulsion from the Earth and show only a
directional tendency according to which a certain line of the magnet, called its magnetic axis, takes
the direction of the curved lines of force. ('* Terrestrial magnetism and the mariner's compass," by
SirW. Thomson (Lord Kelvin) in Popular Lectures and Addresses, Vol. Ill, Navigation, pp. 228-337).
Fig. 7.
27478 — 02-
34 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
THE EARTH, A GREAT MAGNET.
Gilbert's " De Magnete.'*
The year 1600 is generally regarded as a memorable one in the histor>' of the
sciences of magnetism and electricity, for in this year appeared Dr. William Gilbert's
famous work " De Magnete,'* published at London, dedicated in his prefatory remarks
to the ' * True philosophers, ingenuous minds who not only in books but in things them-
selves look for knowledge,'* and treating in five books or sections of the properties of
magnetic bodies and of the ** great magnet, the Earth.*' It was republished in Latin
at Stettin (Sedini) in 1628 and 1633 by Wolfgang Lochmann, reprinted in 1892 in
facsimile ( photozincograph reproduction of 1600 edition) by Mayer and Miiller, of
Berlin, and translated into English for the first time by P. Fleury Mottelay," and
more recently under the auspices of the Gilbert Club.*
William Gilberd, or as more usually written Gilbert, was born in the year 1540 in
Holy Trinity Parish at Colchester, England, being the eldest of five sons of Jerome
Gilbert, at one time recorder. Matriculating at the age of 18 at St. John's College,
Cambridge, he in due course took the degree of B. A. ; he also became a Symson Fellow
in 1561, an M. A. in 1564, and during the two years following was mathematical exam-
iner of his college. He next studied medicine, reaching his doctorate and a senior
fellowship in 1569, when he terminated his eleven years' connection with the university,
after which he spent four years on the Continent.
Upon his return to London he practiced as a physician for thirty years with * * great
success and renown," and was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, later
censor, then treasurer, next consilarius, and finally, in 1600, president of the college.
In the same year Queen Elizabeth appointed him one of her body physicians and settled
upon him a pension to enable him to prosecute his scientific researches. After her
death Grlbert was continued in his office by James I. He died in November, 1603,
and was buried in Trinity Church, Colchester. His books, papers, and collections,
bequeathed to the Royal College of Physicians, were unfortunately destroyed in the
"great fire."
It is not known how Gilbert, a successful physician, was led to devote himself so
zealously and so unremittingly to the study of magnetism. He says ** There is naught
in these books (De Magnete) that has not been investigated and again and again done
and repeated under our eyes." Herein consists the chief value of the work — that
nearly every conclusion drawn rests on experiment made over and over again under
slightly varying conditions, for, as he says, ** stronger reasons are obtained from sure
experiments and demonstrated arguments than probable conjectures, and the opinions
« Published in 1893 by Quaritch, of London, and Wiley & Sons, of New York.
ft President of the Club, Lord Kelvin. The translation was prepared from the original edition of
1600 by a Committee of the Club formed for this purpose in 1889, which finished its labors in 1900. The
printing was undertaken in 1901 at the Chiswick Press by Messrs. C. Whittingham & Co., the edition
being unfortunately limited to 250 copies. Prof. Sylvanus P. Thompson, one of the secretaries of the
Club who took a most active part in the translation, has issued at his own expense his most valuable
and useful commentaries, entitled: " Notes on the De Magnete of Dr. William Gilbert," privately
printed, London, J901. As the Gilbert Club's translation is not yet at hand, the quotations given
above are according to Mottelay.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 35
of philosophical speculators of the common sort." It is said that he spent ^5,000 on
his experiments, ** examining very many matters taken out of the lofty mountains, of,
the depths of the seas, or deepest caverns, or hidden mines," in order to discover the
true substance of the Earth and of magnetic forces.
The De Magnete was the most complete summary of the properties of magnetic
bodies up to 1600. One reading this work alone, however, must by no means infer
that all the properties and laws set forth were discovered by Gilbert, for he very rarely
gives credit to any previous discoverer. He frequently exhibits intolerance and lack
of appreciation of the work of his predecessors, and like his experiments,, repeats his
vituperations and assertions over and over again, so that one is unconsciously led to
believe that all previous work had resulted in very little of real value.
Doubtless the fact that he thoroughly tested anew everything he had heard regard-
ing magnetic substances, and accepted nothing on faith led him to regard all as his own
and thus prevented him from giving credit where credit was rightfully due. The weak
points of others, however, he never fails to expose and ridicule.
Gilbert terms the end of the lodestone or needle which points to the north, the
south pole, and the opposite end, the north pole, for similar reasons to those already
set forth. And by reiterating over and over Gilbert would apparently desire to
convey the impression that he was the first to recognize the fact that the magnetism
residing in the north-pointing end of a magnetic needle is of an opposite kind to that
at the Earth's north magnetic pole, although this fact was clearly recognized by many
writers previously, beginning with Peregrinus in 1269. Gilbert must be simply credited
with proposing to designate, because of the fact stated, the north-seeking end of the
needle, the south pole — a proposal which, by the way, has not been accepted by modem
writers.
One can not fail, however, to recognize that Gilbert did a most useful piece of
work in so carefully scrutinizing, weighing, and summarizing in suggestive and
descriptive language all knowledge of magnetic properties. As a work on magnetism
and electricity, GilberVs De Magnete is still a standard one; as a work mi terrestrial mag-
netism, however, it was iveak even for its time^ its conchisions ayid deductions having all
been discredited with the exception of one, the truth of which he got right more by chance
than by philosophical reasoning, viz, that the ''Earth itself is a great magnet J*'
As said, Gilbert's work as a treatise on terrestrial magnetism was by no means
equal to his work on the general properties of magnetic bodies. When he came to
theorize on the ** Earth as a magnet" he forgot his own injunction to philosophers
who but dream and speculate from books, saying that they ''must be aroused and
taught the uses of things, the dealing with things; they must be made to quit the sort
of learning that comes only from books,^* and that rests only on vain arguments from
probability and upon conjectures. ' '
A.lthough he is credited as having determined a dip of 72° at London, and by
Kircher as having found the declination to be 6*^ * at London, his work contains nothing
to lead one to suppose that he obtained the declination and dip himself. He repeatedly
points out the errors of observations by others, but makes no attempt whatsoever to
"Gilbert might have added: "and mere laboratory experiments."
^In 1580 the declination at Limehouse, Loudon, was \\%^ E., and in 1600 about 10° p:.
36 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
test by actual observation at various places the deductions drawn from his terrella, or
spherical lodestone, and directly applied to the Earth. It is claimed that the chapter
on methods for finding the "variation of the compass" was written by his friend
Edward Wright, a practical navigator. His book does not even contain a systematic
collection of all observations up to his time, such as that made, for example, by
Plancius and published in Stevin's work the year before. Had Gilbert been equally as
zealous in observing the terrestrial magnetic elements as he was in his laboratory
experiments, he might have stumbled on a fact — the secular change of the magnetic
declination— which would doubtless have shaken him, to some extent at least, in his
belief that the "Earth was a great lodestone;'* for one of the fixed and necessary
postulates of his theory was the constancy of the magnetic declination at any place.
Gilbert reached his conclusion that the "Earth is a great magnet," i, e., that its
"magnetic virtue" comes from within the Earth and not from the heavens above,
solely by analogy between the Earth and a globular lodestone which he termed a
"terrella," and which he had had expressly made for his experiments to represent the
Earth on a miniature scale. The reasoning whereby he was led to the conclusion
(Book I, Chapter XVII) that the "terrestrial globe is magnetic and is a lodestone,"
upon which his frame largely rests, would not be accepted to-day, and, in fact, was not
accepted by writers after the discovery of electro-magnetism. The problem was not
definitely settled until Gauss, in 1838, attacked it analytically, with the aid of the
observations accumulated up to his time, and showed that the Earth derives its perma-
nent magnetism almost entirely from sources residing within its own crust, and not,
for example, from any system of electric currents circulating around the Earth in the
upper regions.
The recent researches of Dr. Schmidt, of Gotha, have confirmed Gauss's conclu-
sion. He finds that about 95 per cent of the Earth's magnetic force is to be referred
to causes within its crust and the remainder to electric currents either circulating
around the Earth in the upper regions or passing from the air into the earth, and ince
versa. Some of the periodic and spasmodic variations of the Earth's magnetism, such
as the diurnal variation, annual variation (not secular change), magnetic perturba-
tions, according to recent researches by Schuster, von Bezold, Schmidt, Schwalbe,
and others, would apparently have to be ascribed to electric currents in the upper
regions.
If the way the compass points at various places on the Earth constituted the
entire knowledge on the subject, it would be impossible to say whether the compass
approximately points northward because of magnetism (or electric currents) within
the Earth or external to it. There are, undoubtedly, in the Earth's crust large masses
of magnetized and magnetizable substances, as Gilbert inferred from the specimens
collected from many parts of the Earth, but modern researches would indicate that the
chief source of the Earth's magnetism is not to be referred to permanently magnetized
substances, hut doubtless to a system of electric currents embedded deep within the
interior of the Earth and connected in some manner vdth the Earth's rotation. In
order to make the compass point northward, the electric currents would have to cifcu-
late in the interior from east to west, in accordance to the well-known rule of Ampere
governing the deflection of a magnetic needle by an electric current. The compass
can be made to point north equally as well, however, by electric currents circulating
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM.
37
around the Earth in the upper regions in the contrary direction, viz, from west to
east. Therefore with the aid of the compass needle alone it could not be determined
whether the currents are inside or outside the Earth.
The dip needle will determine this. The fact that the same end of the compass
which points north likewise dips downward in the northern magnetic hemisphere
requires, as can be easily shown by appljdng Ampere's rule, that the electric currents
circulate from east to west, and hence, in accordance with the evidence furnished by
the compass and the dip needle, the currents must be in the interior of the Earth.
Now, while Gilbert had at his command a general knowledge of the pointing of
the compass needle over the regions then traversed, he only had one dip observation to
work with — that made by Norman at I/)ndon in 1576, and doubtless verified by himself.
He does not appear to appreciate that it is the salient feature of the dip needle which
reveals the fact that the *' Earth itself is a great magnet.'* The citation from
Norman's book, page — , shows that by the discovery of the dip Norman had already
inferred that the ** point respective" which the needle heeds "is rather in the Earth
than in the Heavens," and Gilbert in no wise improves upon or adds anything to
Norman's reasoning.
To Gilbert the Earth was but a great round lodestone. It had poles and an equa-
tor, just as the terrella had its magnetic poles and a natural line or magnetic equator half-
way between; it took a definite position in space, just as the terrella did with reference
to the Earth; it had its diurnal motion^ and revolution, just as the terrella had when
floated in a bowl of water and brought under the action of the Earth's force; it con-
tained in abundance the very lodestone substance which possessed this remarkable
"magnetical virtue;" it magnetized substances just as did the lodestone; it, like the
lodestone, attracted bodies to itself (Gilbert regarded gravity and magnetism as identi-
cal) ; therefore, like the lodestone, it was a magnet. All of this reasoning would equally
apply for the magnetic effects due to an outside electric field, but in Gilbert's time,
though he could distinguish between them, the mutual relationship between electric
and magnetic phenomena had not been discovered. He only knew of permanent
magnets such as are exhibited in lodestones and artificially made magnets.
According to Gilbert's theory, the Earth's magnetic poles were coincident with the
rotation poles; in fact, he regarded the cause of the Earth's rotation as due to magnetic
action. The compass, therefore, if it had not been * ' perverted ' ' in its direction by the
attracting influence of the continents, as he thought, would accordingly point true
north and south. He persistently regarded the magnetic declination, or, as he termed
it, the '* variation, " as a *'sort of perturbation and depravation of the true direction."
The Germans, in their term of '' missweisung,'' misdirection, convey a similar idea. It
never entered Gilbert's mind to consider the ** variation " as due, in whole or in part, to
noncoincidence of magnetic poles and rotation poles, for, were that true, his theory of
the Earth as a great lodestone would have fallen to the ground.
He accordingly seeks another explanation, viz, that the ''variation" is due to the
fact that the elevated and massive parts of the Earth (continents) are more strongly
magnetic, and the waters of the globe less so ; hence the needle is drawn toward
a Gilbert has the credit of being one of the earliest and most ardent advocates in England of
Copernicus's theory of the diurnal rotation of the Earth. His magnetic theory of the Earth was in
fact largely, if not entirely, advanced in order to furnish a cause for this diurnal rotation.
38 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
the continents. He ignorainiously fails, however, in this explanation, and apparently
ignores facts, undoubtedly known to him, which would have contradicted his theory.
He lays himself open hdre to the same kind of criticism which he so unsparingly
heaped upon others.
Apparently aware of the fact that the dip of the needle at London did not corre-
spond to what it ought to have been on the theory that the magnetic poles are at the
geographical poles, he speaks of a ''variation of the dip," and ascribes this to the same
cause as the "variation of the compass." Aware that in the dip the same kind of vari-
ations, though not of the same degree as in the magnetic declination , might be expected,
he nevertheless proposes a method for determining latitude by means of the dip needle.
And yet he ridicules those who had proposed to determine the longitude by means of
the magnetic declination.'*
To conclude, "while it inust be conceded that Gilbert made the first serious attempt
to correlate the magnetic phenomena of the Earth and to construct a theory, his actual
and real contributions to the subject of the Earth* s magnetism are by no means of that
brilliancy and luster which is generally supposed, and which mark his other works,
his failures being due in a large degree to his not following his own advice to philos-
ophers, "to leave their books and go out and deal with things." In the writer's esti-
mation, Norman's little work should be given a higher rank as a real and valuable
contribution to our advancement of the knowledge of the Earth's magnetism than that
part of Gilbert's book dealing with terrestrial magnetism.
THE VARIATIONS OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETISM.
«
Discovery of the Secular Change of the Magnetic Declination.
The 07ily cofitribution of great value to the science of terrestrial magnetism in the sev-
enteenth century was the discovery of the seailar change of the magnetic decAjiation by
Gellibrafid in 1634.} Hitherto it had been supposed that the magnetic declination,
though varying from place to place, was fixed and invariable at any one place, except
that "by the break up of a continent," as Gilbert put it, it might suffer a change. But
now an entirely new and most important fact came to light, showing indisputably that
«The suggestion of determining the longitude at sea by means of the magnetic declination
started with Columbus and served to stimulate the making of magnetic observations until the close of
the eighteenth century. In 1720 William Whiston, the translator of Josephus, revived Gilbert's idea
of using the dip and accordingly supplied certain mariners with dip circles. Thus some notable con-
tributions to terrestrial magnetism were obtained. The earliest dip obser\»ation in the United States is
that made at Boston in 1722 with a dip circle supplied to Capt. Othniel Beal by Whiston.
ft Some of the principal writers on magnetism and terrestrial magnetism of the seventeenth century
besides Gellibrand were: Barlowe, in whose book, Magnetical Advertisements, 1616, the word '* mag-
netism" as a noun, according to Prof. Silvanus P. Thompson, appears for the first time; Mark Ridley,
Bacon, Galileo, Nicolaus Cabaeus, whose Philosophia Magnetica, Ferrara, 1629, the first Italian treatise
on the magnet, contains an improvement of Gilbert's picture of the lines of force around a magnet;
Kepler, Athanasius Kircher (Jesuit and an opponent of the Copsrnican tlieory), who in his works col-
lected all values of the magnetic declination known to him; Descartes, Porta, von Guericke, Hooke,
and Bond, who made a special study of the subject of the secular change in the dip, using the word
''inclination" to denote the dip in place of the word " declination", which, as will be recalled, Nor-
man had employed.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 39
the earth*s magnetism suffers mighty changes in the course of time. Hence it now
became necessary to note not only the place but also the time when an obser\'ation of
the magnetic declination was made. The compass had by this time come into general
use, not only as an instrument, as Gilbert said, "beneficial, salutar\', and fortunate for
seamen, showing the way to safety and to port," but also for the purpose of running
out lines on the earth's surface (land surveys) and in mines, and for the orientation of
buildings. To retrace these lines anew at some subsequent period required a consid-
eration of the newly discovered fact. No wonder this truth was fought, disputed, and
doubted for some time.
Henry Gellibrand was a professor of mathematics at Gresham College. He made a
careful determination of the pointing of the compass on June 12, 1634, at Diepford,
or Deptford, about 3 miles southeast of London Bridge, and found 4° 6' east. Now,
Edmund Gunter, another mathematician of Gresham College, had found on June 13,
1622, 5° s6}i' east, and, as will be recalled, Borough and Norman had found in 1580,
11° 15' east. Clearly, therefore, the magnetic declination had suffered considerable
change since 1580. Gellibrand repeated his observations, next examined carefully the
obser\'ations which Borough had published, and although he found that Borough had
neglected to take into account atmospheric refraction i"!! his calculations, nevertheless
he got practically the same amount as Borough had given.
He announced his discovery in a book," now exceedingly scarce, entitled "A Dis-
course Mathematical on the Variation of the Magneticall Needle, together with its
admirable Diminution lately discovered.** Jx)ndon, 1635. He says: "Thus (hitherto
according to the Tenents of all our Magneticall Philosophers) we have supposed the vari-
ation of all particular places to continue one and the same; so that when a seaman shall
happily return to a place where formerly he found the same variation, he may hence
conclude ' he is in the same former longitude. ' For it is the Assertion of Mr. Dr. Gilbert:
Variatio uniuscujusq ; Loci constans est, that is to say the same place doth alwayes retaine
the same variation. Neither hath this Assertion (for aught I ever heard) been ques-
tioned b}'' any man. But most diligent magneticall obsrvations have plainely offered
violence to the same, and proved the contrary, namely that the variation is accompanied
with a variation. * *
He republishes the observations of 1580 and 1622, along with his own, in order to
furnish all necessary evidence, and says:
' * If any affected wnth magneticall Philosophy shall yet desire to see an experiment
made for their owne particular satisfaction, where I may prevaile, I would advise them
to pitch a faire stone parallel to the Horizon there to rest immoveably, and having a
Needle of a convenient length strongly touch* t by a vigorous Magnet to draw a Mag-
neticall Meridian thereby, and yearly to examine by the application of the same (well
preserved from the ayre and rust, its greatest enemies) whether time will produce the
like alterations.**
Most commendably and remarkably for his times, Gellibrand refrains from *' enter-
ing into a dispute [speculation] concerning the source of this sensible diminution,
whether it may be imputed to the magnet or the Earth, or both," but " must be all
« Reprinted in facsimile by Hellmann; Asher & Co. , Berlin. Hellmann used a copy loaned him by
the late Latimer Clar!^, whose excesdingly valuable libran* has come into the possession of the Amer-
ican Institute of Electrical Engineers, headquarters. New York. '
40 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
left to future times to discover, this Invention being but newly presented to the world
in its infancy.'*
The following sentence, taken from the article on the compass in such an authori-
tative work as the Encyclopaedia Britannica, ninth edition, illustrates the great confu-
sion caused by the misuse of the word "variation:**
* * The discovery of the variation of declination was made by Stephen Burrows when
voyaging between the north cape of Finmark and Vaigatch (Vay gates), and was after-
ward determined by Gellibrand, professor of geometry at Gresham College.**
In the first case the author means simply the change in the magnetic declination
with geographical position, i. e. , the geographical variation of the magnetic declination,
whereas when referring to the discover^' of Gellibrand, the slow variation taking place
with the lapse of time, viz, the secular change, is meant. The author has thus used
the word * ' variation ' ' in the same sentence with two totally different meanings, pre-
venting one thereby from getting a proper idea as to the precise facts involved.
Besides, the geographical variation of the declination had been discovered in the
century previous to that of Burrows' s time, as already stated, by Columbus.
Nearly three centuries have passed since Gellibrand's discovery was made known,
and although observations have been multiplied and some of the best minds have given
their undivided attention to this most striking fact of the Earth's magnetism, the riddle
is still unsolved. Innumerable theories have been advanced, the difficulty not being in
finding a cause, but to tell which one among the many assignable ones is the one.
While observations of declination for three centuries are at hand, those of dip are npt
so numerous and those of the intensity of the magnetic force are still more scarce,
beginning only since the third decade of the last century. Boik tJie dip and intensity
undergo secular change in the same manner as the declination. The definite solution of
this great and important problem of the Earth's physics requires a full and accurate
knowledge of the changes in the three magnetic elements named. The prospects at
present are fair that the secular change of the Earth's magnetism is to be referred,
primarily, to the effect of secondary electric currents generated within the Earth by its
rotation around an axis not coincident with its magnetic axis.
The Characteristics of the Secular Change.
The secular change has received the closest attention in the United States, largely
for practical reasons, as in all of the older States the original land surveys were referred
to compass lines. The retracing of the * * metes and bounds ' * at subsequent periods
called for a knowledge of the amount of change in the compass bearing during the
elapsed interval. To meet the demand for knowledge of this kind, C. A. Schott, who
directed the magnetic work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey for nearly a half century,
undertook a thorough and systematic collection of all known values of the magnetic
declination in the United States and vicinity, resulting in a collection as yet unequaled
in any other country.
It is a lamentable fact that such collections have not been undertaken for European
countries, where in many instances the records go back to the sixteenth century.
Knowledge of the manner and rate of progression of a particular phase of the secular
change from place to place would be materially increased thereby.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM.
41
The following table ^ exhibits how the declination has changed at various places:
Table II. — Showiiig the secular change in the magnetic declination at various places.
,^ortheni Hemisphere
1
1
1
(
\
Southern Hemisphere
1
Year
I,ond4
on
Paris
Rome
Manila
San Fran-
cisco
Baltimore
Riode
Janeiro
Ascension
Island
St. Helena
Island
Cape
Town
.
t
1540
7.2(?)E
8.2 E
10.47 E
1560
9.6(?)E
9.3 E
II. 61 E
1580
10.93
E
9.6 E
II. 41 E
1600
10.13
E
8.8 E
9.88 E
1
1620
7.26
E
6.9 E
7.29 E
1640
3.27
E
4.42E
3.86 E
5.3 w
1660 0. 59
W
0.86E
0.01 W
6.0 w
1680
3.89
W
3. 47 W
4.01 W
6.1 W
1700
7.08
W
7.99\V
7.77 w
5.5 w
1720
10.97
W
12. 27 W
11.02 W
4.5 w
1740
15.30
W
15. 83 w
13. 63 w
3.2 w
1760
19-57
W
18. 76 W
15.51 w
I.95W
8.6
E
8.4W
11.70 w
20. 5 W
1780
22.65
w
20. 87 w
16. 64 w
12.6 E
I.03W
7.2
E
II.6 W
14. 59 W
23. 2 w
1800
24.07
w
22. 12 W
17.06 w
0. 08E
13.6 E
.0.66W
5.5
E
14. W
17.51 w
25. 4 W
1820 I24. 09
w
22. 40 W
16. 77 W
0. 14 E
14.6 E
;o. 93 W
3.6
E
16. 4 w
20. 01 W
27. 2 w
1840 ;23. 22
w
21. 38 W
15.84 w
0. 27E
15. 43 E
I. 77 W
1.2
E
18.8 W
22. 00 w
28. 8 W
i860 i2I. 55
w
19- 54 W
14. 23 w
0.45H
16. II E
I2.99W
1.4
W
21. 4 W
23. 41 w
29. 7 W
1880 I18.73
w
16. 76 W
11.77 w
0.69E
16. 57 E
4. 30 W
4.3
W
22. 9 w
24. II w
29. 6 W
1890 17.57
w
15. 16 W
10.57 W
0. 83E
16. 64 E
i4.89W
6.1
w
23. oW
24, 21 W
29. 2 w
1900
16.5
w
14.6 W
0.97E
16.7 E
5.40 W
8.0
1
w
This table shows that at London, for example, the pointing of the needle was east
of north in the middle of the sixteenth century, reaching a maximum of ii°or.iiJ^°
about 1580. After that it began to diminish until about 1658, the year of Cromwell's
death, when the needle stood truly north and south. The needle next began to point
westward by an ever-increasing amount until about 18 12* when it appeared to almost
stand still for several years at a value of somewhat over 24°. Thereafter the westerly
declination began to diminish until it is now about 16°. Consequently between 1580
and 18 12, in an interval of 232 years, the compass direction at London changed from
11° east to 24° west, in all 35°. The direction of a street a mile long, laid out in London
in 1580 in the direction pointed out by the compass would be seven-tenths of a mile too far
to the east at the north terminus according to the compass direction of 181 2!
For Paris and Rome similar changes to those at London are found. At Paris the
maximum easterly declination of 9° 36' was reached near the year 1580, and the max-
imum westerly declination of 22° 36' in about 1809, the needle pointing due north in
1664. At Rome the declination of the needle reached its maximum amount east, 11*^
36', in 1570, approximately, and its maximum amount west, 17® 06', in about 18 10,
coinciding with the true meridian in 1660. At Manila, Philippine Islands, the needle
changed from 05' east in 1800 to 53' east in 1901, and at San Francisco, Cal., from
12° 36' east in 1780 to 16*^ 48' east at the present time. At Baltimore, between 1640
and the present time the needle bore west all the time and did not at any time point due
«This table and the accompanying subsequent remarks are extracted from the writer's "First
report on magnetic work in Maryland," Maryland Geological Survey Report, Vol. I, 1897.
42 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
north or east of north as surveyors frequently assumed to be the case for this part of
Maryland. The figures show that at Baltimore the compass needle pointed about 6° 06'
west in 1670 and that in about 1802 it pointed the least amount west, namely, 39';
hence, in an interval of 132 j-ears, the needle changed its direction by 5° 27'. A street
a mile long laid out in Baltimore in i6jo so as to ru7i iji the eompass direction would have
m
its north terminus §04. feet, or about one-tenth of a mile, too far to the west i?i 1802, This
is a fact especially interesting, because in some of the old towns of the thirteen original
States, as for example in Maryland, the streets were laid out bj- the compass, or prom-
inent public buildings, such as court-houses, were erected so that the front face would
run parallel to a cardinal direction as given by the compass. Thus, w^hile establishing
a meridian line for the use of surveyors at Chestertown, the county seat of Kent
County, Md., it was found that High street, the main street, ran ver}' nearly mag-
netically northwest and southeast. Assuming that the street was originally laid
out with the compass so as to run northwest and southeast, and knowing from the data
at Baltimore and some other stations that the needle bore the same amount west in the
early part of the eighteenth century that it does at present, the conclusion to be drawn
was that the town of Chestertown was laid out in the early part of the eighteenth
century. Upon looking up the records, the assumptions made and the conclusions
drawn were verified. The town was laid out in 1702 and the streets were run with
the compass northwest and southeast, and at right angles thereto. So, also, by deter-
mining the astronomical directions of the streets in the old town of Oxford, Md., which
had been laid out by the compass in the first decade of the eighteenth century, an
approximate knowledge of the magnetic declination at that time was ascertained.
The table likewise gives the change in the compass direction at some stations in the
Southern Hemisphere. One fact at once noticeable from this table is, that during a
given ijiter-oal of time the compass direction changes not only by different amounts in
differait parts of the Earth, buty likewise ^ the changes ocair in some parts in opposite
directions. For example, compare the changes which have occurred between 1800 and
1890 at the various stations.
Place.
London
North end of compass needle
veered between iSlo and 1890.
6° 30'' to the east.
Paris
6
58
tt
Rome
6
29
<i
Manila
45
< <
San Francisco
3
02
ii
Baltimore
4
14
west.
Rio (ie Janeiro
II
36
i(
Ascension Island
9
00
Ii
St. Helena Island
6
42
(t
Cape Town
3
4S
i(
The compass needle, accordingly, while swinging to the eastward ^X. London between
1800 and the present time was swinging in the opposite direction, westward, at Baltimore
during the same inter\'al of time, the amount of swing not being the same at the two
stations.
Another striking fact disclosed by looking over the figures for any one station, for
example, Baltimore, is that at the same station the change per year is not a constant quan-
tity, as frequejitly assumed by the stirveyor. The annual '^li-Tge for this particular station
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 43
may vary all the way from zero to four minutes. At the times of maximum or minimum
values of the declination the annual change is practically zero for about five years on
either side of these epochs. The annual change then begins to increase until about
midway between the epochs of maximum and minimum values, for example, about 1730
or about 1870, when it reaches its maximum value of about four minutes; it then dimin-
ishes again.
The secular motion of the compass needle may be likened to the swinging of, a
pendulum. At the extreme positions of the pendulum, on either side of the position it
would occupy if at rest, the velocity with which the bob moves in its orbital path van-
ishes. As the pendulum moves toward its mean position from the right, it does so at a
constantly accelerating pace until it reaches the mean position midway between the two
extreme positions. Here the velocity' is a maximum, and as the pendulum swings past
the mean position it begins to slacken its pace until reaching the extreme position on
the left, when the velocity of motion again vanishes.
At no station has as yet a complete swing — for example, from right to left and back
again from left to right — l^een observed. At some stations, however, a little over half a
swing has been obtained. A comparison of the time interval between the two extreme
positions, i. e., half a swing, at various stations shows another remarkable fact, that the
time intervals between the extreme positions of the needle are of differerit lengths in differ-
ent parts of the Earth, To illustrate: At London, Paris, and Rome the time interval
between dates of extreme positions of the needle is about two hundred and thirty to
two hundred and fort)* years, while for stations in the Eastern States of this country is
on the average about one hundred and fifty years.
Taking into consideration all the facts at present known with regard to the secular
change, it is found that it is not possible to explain all those facts on the assumption
that there is a secular change period common to all parts of the Earth of about three
hundred to five hundred years in length. The indications are that for a common secular
change period a much longer period is required. But if this is so, it means that the
secular change is a far more complicated matter than generally supposed. Besides
the main swing as described above, there are a number of minor swings whose periods
are not as yet definitely known. These minor swings have the effect of slightly altering
the annual change due to the main secular change.
Fig. 8 illustrates graphically the change in the magnetic declination for various
points in the Northern Hemisphere, such stations having been selected as would
be typical of the regions represented by them. It will be seen that the stations encircle
the globe. This one diagram exhibits at a glance all the characteristic features
of the secular change of the magnetic declination in the Northern Hemisphere as
at present known. With the aid of Table 11 the meaning of the curves will be readily
understood. Thus, for example, selecting the date 1800 and running the eye along
the horizontal line marked 1800 until it intersects the London curve, and casting the
eye upward from this point of intersection along the vertical line, it is found that
the declination of the needle was a trifle over 24° west. For Paris the observations
known up to the present time have been indicated by dots. It will be seen that the
cur\'e, which is due to Schott, represents the existing data satisfactorily. In the case
of Fayal Island it will be noticed that prior to 1600 two curves, one in full and the
other broken, are given; the broken curve represents a repetition of the same law which
governed the secular change at this station between 1600 and present date, while the
44
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1802.
full curve has been drawn to harmonize with the observations back to the time of
Columbus. It will be seen that there is a marked difference between the two curves
for the date 1500. A similar state of things is revealed at Rome, the broken curve
again representing the law from 15 10 to present date, while the full curve represents
the observations which can be obtained with the aid of the early ' * compass charts * ' of
the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The departure between the broken curve and
the full one amounts to about 17° for the year 1400! Similar indications exist at other
stations of a change in the law of the secular change prior to 1600.
The special purpose of the diagram has been to show the mutual relationship
Fig. 8. — Comx>arison of the secular change curves of the magnetic declination at various stations in the Northern
Hemisphere.
between the secular change curves over the Earth. Each station bears a somewhat
different testimony of the phenomenon under consideration, and it is only by consider-
ing the collective evidence that one can hope to make headway and be enabled to say
what probably transpired at anj^ one station prior to the records or what is likely to
occur at this station in the future. By following the cur\^es systematically around the
globe it is quite possible to construct a composite curve, with the aid of which a clearer
conception of this most perplexing phenomenon can be obtained.
However, as already stated, M^ /aws actually governing the secular change can not
be discovered by simply considering the changes in the magnetic decliyiation alone. One can
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM.
45
hope to make progress only by studying the phenomenon in its entirety; that is to say, if
a magnetized needle is taken and suspended at its center of gravity in such a way that
it is free to turn in any direction whatsoever, to the left or to the right, up or down,
then under the influence of the Earth's magnetism the north end of the needle, while
still pointing approximately toward the north, also points downward and the south end
upward. The actual direction assumed by the needle lies somewhere between a true
vertical line and a true horizontal line, nearer to the former than to the latter in the
latitudes under consideration. This is the direction in which the Earth's magnetic force
acts. On the compass needle only the horizontal component of the force has an effect, as
the vertical component is counteracted by adding an additional weight to the south arm
of the needle, generally a bit of brass wire. The changes that are taking place in the
Fig. 9. — Curves showing secular change in magnetic declination and dip at London Boston, and Baltimore.
true direction of the Earth's magnetic force and in its magnitude constitute the real facts
to be studied.
It is an interesting problem to inquire: How does the north end of the freely
suspended magnetic needle move with the lapse of time, if the motion is observed from
the point of suspension of the needle? Does it move clockwise or anticlockwise?
Would needles similarly suspended in all parts of the Earth move in the same direction?
What is the nature of the curve described in space by the north end ? These are some
of the fascinating questions which can be asked from this point of view.
It has been found by the writer that over the greater portion of the Earth the north
end of a freely suspended magnetic needle during the past two or three centuries has been
moving in a clockwise direction. In the Pacific Ocean and along the western coast of the
United States evidence exists of small irregularities in the general law of motion as
46 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 190a.
explained above. Some of the stations in this region exhibit small anticlockwise motions.
A'o station has thus far been found where the rez'erse motion has prevailed for any such length
of time, as has been the case tvith the direct motion.
Fig. 9 exhibits the curves resulting in the manner described above for London,
Boston, and Baltimore.
Fig. 10 has been constructed in a similar manner. The outside curve exhibits the
changes in magnetic declination and dip encountered were one to make a complete
DECU NATION
Fin. la — Comparison of curve showing change in magillUc declinalLon and dip along pirallcl of latlludf 41^ N. in iSBs
circuit of the Earth in an eastwardly direction along the parallel of latitude 40" north.
The data have been scaled from Neumayer's isogonic and isoclinic charts for 1S85, con-
tained in his excellent atlas. Thus in zero longitude, counting from Greenwich, a
freely suspended magnetic needle pointed in 1885 15^° west and its dip was 58°; in
20° east longitude, these quantities were respectively 8° west and 54°. 7, etc. It will'
be noticed that the curve goes throughout — even for the loop described when crossing
Asia — in the same direction as that of the hands of a watch, just as in the case of the
secular motion cnr\'es shown in fig. 9 and the one of Rome given in the present figure.
Rome is situated not far from latitude 40° north, its latitude being 41°. 9 north. The
general character of the two curves is seen to be very similar. It has been shown in
other ways besides this one that many of the laws underlying the momentary distribu-
tion of the Earth's magnetism and the secular change are alike.
The circuit of the Earth in the above case was made to the eastward because the
secular variation curves appear to develop themselves more and more as we go around the
Earth east ward ly."
' n See Physical Review. Vol. II, pp. 4S5-465. and Vol. Ill, pp. 34-48.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH^S MAGNETISM.
47
Diurnal Variation.
In the year 1682, in the city of Louveau, Siam, it is related that Pater Guy Tachart,
in the presence of the King, found that the magnetic declination on one day was 0° 16'
west; on the following day, 0° 31'; on the third day, 0° 35'; on the fourth, 0° 38', and
repeating the observations after the lapse of a few days the values found on three suc-
cessive days were 0° 28', 0° 33', and 0° 21'. The observations were doubtless made on
these various days at diflFerent times of the day, so that part of the differences in the
results obtained are possibly to be ascribed to the next remarkable fact regarding the
'* constant inconstancies" of the Earth's magnetism, the so-called diurnal variation, by
which the needle is made to change its direction, from hour to hour, throughout the day.
The credit of the discover>' of the diurnal variation must properly be given to
Graham, a London mechanician and clock maker, who from many hundred observations
of the declination of the magnetic needle at various times of the day made in 1722 a
definite announcement of the existence of this variation." Graham's discovery was
later verified and amplified by Prof. Andr. Celsius in Upsala, who had a compass made
expressly for this purpose by the instrument maker, Sisson, of London, under Graham's
supervision, and by a host of other investigators.
Table III. — The diurnal variatioji of the magnetic declination at Baldwin, Ka7is.,for
each month of the year igoi.
Hour
Jan.
-0.4
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
-rO. I
July
40.3
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
I a. m.
—0. 2
-r-o.3
-^0.5 ,
40.3
-t-o. I
0.0
-0. I
-0. I
- -0. I
2
o.%
—0. 2
-0.2
40.6
-0.5
-hO. 2
40.3
—0. 2
0.0
—0. I
—0. 2
—0. 2
3
—0.2
0.0
^0. 2
-1-0.5
^0. 6
^0.4
-»-o. 4
40. I
-0.3
40. 2
—0. I
—0. 2
4
-0.1
-1-0. 2
-0.4
+0.8
-ro. 8
-0.8
40.8
-0.3
40.8
-ro. 2
0.0
0.0
5
-0.5
fo.4
^ 0.4
-ro. 9
-1.4
-1.4
-ri.4
-M. 2
-hi. I
40.4
4o. 2
—0. 2
6
0.3
-f-0.3
-f-0.8
-hi.6
—2. 2
42.4
42.4
42.7
42.3
40.8
40.3
—0. 2
7
0.0
+0.9
-1.9
+2.7
--3. I
- 3. 5
-^3-6
-^4.2
-^4.0
42.0
^1.2
--O.3
8
-rO.6
4-1.5
-t-2. 5
+8.6
-8.8
48.7
-4.0
-4.4
+3.6
^2.6
-r2.
-0.4
9
-1.5
+2.2
-2.7
-■H2.8
-r2.8
-r3-2
^3.4
-r3.3
42.4
-f2.4
^2.0
-hi. 2
10
-2.0
-^1.3
-^1.8
— I. I
— 1.0
-^ 1.0
40.9
"^0.3
0.0
41.0
41.0
41.4
II
^r. I
-ho. I
- 0. 2
—0.8
— I. I
— I. 2
-1.7
—2. 2
— 2. 2
-0.8
—0. 6
-^0.6
Noon
—0. 4
— I. 2
—2.0
—2. I
-2.4
-2.6
3.2
-3.7
-3.6
— 2. 2
1.7
0.7
I p.m.
1-3
1.8
-3.0
-3.1
-3.4
-3.5
—4.0
-4.8
—8.8
-2.6
-2.1
1.5
2
-1.6
-2.0
-8.0
-8.6
-8.7
-8.7
4.1
4. T
-3.0
— 2. I
1.8
- 1.6
3
-1.4
1.6
2.5
3-0
2.8
~^-2
3.1
3.0
1.5
-1.4
-I. I
- 1-3
4
— I. I
0.9
1.5
—2.0
-1.8
-1.8
1.9
1.3
—0.4
0.7
0.5
-0.7
5
-0-3
03
0.5
— I.O
0.8
—0.6
-0.7
0.0
40.1
—0.4
—0. I
40. I
6
-^0. 2
0.0
—0. I
-0.3
—0. I
—0. 1
-^0. 2
-ro.5
—0. 2
-0. 2
ro. I
-fo.4
7
-fo.5
-j-o. 2
—0. 1
0.
-0. 2
0.
40. 2
-ho. 2
—0. I
-f-o. 2
40.4
-*-o.5
8
4-0.6
+0.4
-0. I
0.0
—0. I
0.0
-I- 0. 2
4o. I
-t-o. 2
40. 2
-fo.4
40.6
9
-TO. 6
-fo.5
-fo.4
0.0
—0. I
0.0
4o. 2
40. 2
40.4
40.3
40.4
40.6
10
-^0.5
-f-o. 2
-fo.5
-f 0. 2
0.0
—0. 1
H-O, 2
40.3
0.0
—0. 2
40. I
40.4
II
-TO. 4
-+-0. 2
40.4
-hO. 2
-f 0. I
0.0
40. 2
-^0.3
0.0
^0. 2
-f-o. I
40. 2
Mid't
-5-O.I
0.0
-fo.3
-fo.6
-f-o. 2
7.0
—0. 1
-ro. I
^0.3
-0.3
7.8
0.0
0.0
-0. I
Range
3-6
4-2
5.7
7.0
1
7.4
8.1
8.7
5.1
4.1
3-0
«See ** Philosophical Transactions," London, 1724.
48
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR igoa.
^
^>5>l
"»H O^'r-i
-N
»
1
M
CO
JL
c«
7
CI
f
M
f
c<
o
d
Ci
iH
fifi
*
i
c>
t^
V
•k
\
IT*
V,
A
CO
^
^
^■r
y
'A
m
1
^
o<
L
■4
V
1
^.
1
\
1
2
1
I
/
f
1
/
>
g
/
/
7^
/
rt
/
y
2
X
/
X'
^'
(
>
y
1
O
;?^
\
00
J
\
L
T
1
\
I
t^
V
)
'
\
L,
CO
S
^-
10
^i
<f
1
^
\
CO
N
•
^
«
1-4
CM
1
a
'5
C3
c
.0
c
c
bo
s
o
mm
o
•n
>
C0
E
s
•o
u
c
*5
o
«
g
e
be
*5
Table III shows how the compass needle
changed its direction from hour to hour (local
mean time) for each month of the year 1901 at
Baldwin, Kans. , where the Coast and Geodetic
Survey has a magnetic obsen'atory in which are
mounted delicate instruments registering con-
tinuously, day and night, automatically, by
photographic means, the minutest variations in
the Earth's magnetism.
At that place the magnetic needle points
about 8°. 4 east of north. A plus sign in the
table means a deflection of the needle toward
the east of the average direction for the entire
day (twenty-four hours), and a minus sign a
deflection toward the west. Thus in August,
for example, at 8 a. m. the average easterly
pointing of the needle was increased by 4'. 4; it
then began to diminish until the average value
was reached a little after 10 a. m., indicated by
the change of sign of the tabular quantities;
after passing this point it still continued to
diminish until reaching its lowest value at about
'i p. m., when the easterly declination had its
least value, being 4'. 3 less than its average value,
or about 9' less than its maximum value in the
morning. Next it increased until again reach-
ing its average value about 5 p. m. , after which
it remained nearly stationary, except for minute
fluctuations throughout the night, until about
sunrise, when it rapidly began to ris^ to its
maximum value.
Examining the figiu"es for a winter month,
e. g. , December, it will be seen that the fluctua-
tions are not so large as during the summer;
where before the difference between maximum
and minimum was about 9', it is now one-third
of this amount, viz, 3'. On the diagram, Fig. 1 1 ,
the diurnal variation of the magnetic declina-
tion for the two months, August and December,
has been graphically- represented.
Two lines, each a mile long, one run in the
direction indicated by the compass early in the
morning and the other early in the afternoon,
both starting at the same point, diverge at their
extremities in midsummer bj' 10-15 ^^^^' ^^^
morning line being to the east of the afternoon
one; in midwinter the divergence w^ould be about
one-third of this amount. It will thus be seen
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM.
49
that the diurnal variation is of sufEicient importance to be taken into account in
accurate land surveys.
In Germany mine survejnng has become such an art that some of the principal mines
maintain small magnetic observatories, where the declination is recorded continuously
throughout the day by photographic means. The mine surveyor then uses the value
of the declination to the nearest minute prevailing at the time of day when he is running
his line.
Where the needle points west of north, the times of maximum and minimum value
of the magnetic declination will be reversed from what they are at Baldwin, the minimum
occurring in the morning and the maximum in the afternoon. Of the two lines a mile
long, considered above, the morning line will, however, again be east of the afternoon
line.
The times when the declination reaches its extreme values, or when it reaches its
average value, as is evident from Table III, are subject to fluctuations in the course of
the year, being retarded during the months when the sun is south of the equator.
These changes, which undergo a complete cycle in the course of one year, likewise
manifest themselves in the magnitude of the diurnal range, approximately shown by the
figures given in the bottom line of the table.
The approximate local mean time when the average declination is reached, in the
United States is, on the average for the year, at about 10:30 a. m., and again about
about 6 p. m. (See next table.)
The following comparative table, No. IV, of the diurnal variation was prepared by
Schott" in order "to exhibit the changes which the total solar-diurnal variation under-
goes with a change of geographical position within the region of North America. * '
The series of observations which he admitted * ' extend over one or more years, and in
no instance have any so-called disturbances been excluded. " " The year or years of
each series is added to admit of a correction for position in the sun-spot period. * *
The particulars for each station are as follows:
Name
Key West, Fla.
Los Angt:les, Cal.
Washington, D. C.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Madison, Wis.
Toronto, Canada
Sitka, Alaska
Uglaamie, Point Barrow
Plover Point, Point Barrow
Fort Rae, Great Slave Lake
Kingua Fjord, Cumberland
Sound
Fort Conger, Grinnell Land
Uititude
/
24 33. I
34 03.0
38 53. 6
39 53. 4
43 04.5
43 39- 4
57
02.9
71
17.7
71
62
66
21.4
38.9
35.7
81
44.0
I^ongitude
W. of Gr.
8r 48.5
118 15.4
77 00.6
75 10.2
89 24. 2
79 23.5
135 19- 7
156 39- 8
156 16. 1
115 13.8
67 19.2
64 43.8
Diurnal
Magnetic
Dip
Range of
Declina-
tion
'
/
54 32
4.7
59 30
5.8
71 19
7-5
71 58
7.8
73 56
6.7
75 15
8.8
75 55
10.6
81 24
40.1
81 36
38.6
82 54
41.4
83 51
43.7
85 01
98.8
Bztcnt of series
Mar., i860, to Mar., 1866, exclusive
Oct., 1882, to Oct., 1889, exclusive
July, 1840, to June, 1842, inclusive
Jan., 1840, to June, 1845, inclusive
Mar., 1877, to Mar., 1878, exclusive
July, 1842, to June, 1848, inclusive
Irregular series, 1848 to 1862
Sept. , 1882, to Aug. , 1883, inclusive
17 months, 1852-1854
Oct., 1882, to Sept., 1883, inclusive
Do.
Sept., 1881, to Aug., 1882, inclusive
o See Appendix No. 9, Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1890, pp. 261-264.
27478 — 02 4
50
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table IV. — Total solar-diurnal variation of the magnetic dedination, on the yearly
average, at prominent places in North America.
[A + sign indicates a deflection of the north-seeking end of the magnet toward the east^ a — sign the contrary direction.]
West,
i
X,
ft B
a
a
0'-
1
Rae,
Slave
ingua
Cum-
Sound
11
Average values,
stations I to 6,
inclusive
Local mean
time.
ce
.5u
•
1*5
•••
1
•0
ee
•
en
•
<
U 1 b&
II
us 1
.4
/
/
1 /
f t t
/ • /
t
'
/
I a. m.
-fo.
-ho.o
-fo.7' -fo.6
+0. 1 +0. 6
+0.2
— 12.8— 8.0— II.
+11. 7 +43. 2
+0.35
2 a. m.
—0.0
-t-O. I
■fo.7, +0.5
0.0; -fo.5
+ 1.0
— 4.9— 1.9— 6.6
+15.8
+45.1
+0. 05
3 a. m.
-fo. I
-fo. 2
-f-0.9
-fo.6
+0.2
-ho. 8
+ 1.4
+ 3.3
+ 3.64- 0.81+18.0
+41.2
+0.07
4 a. m.
-i-0.2
+0.3
-fl.2
+ 1.0
+0.5
-fl.2 -r2.o
+ 6.2
-hio.94- 7.4
+ 19. 1
-^25.7
+0.75
5 a. m.
-fo.4
-fo.6
+ 1.7 +1.5
-f I.O
-fi.8 -f2.9
+ 14.3
+ 16.64-13.6
+19-3
+31.6
+ I.I9
6 a. m.
-fi.o
-I-I.3
-f 2. I -f2. I
+ 1.4
+2.7 -r4.2
+21.6
+ 19.3
+21.0
+20.1
+ 19.7
+ 1.79
7 a. m.
+2.1
-r2.4
+ 2.8
-^3-3
+2.6
-r3-5 +5.3
+26.1
+27.1
+26.2
+19.9+26.6
+ 2.80
8 a. m.
-I-2.6
+8.1
-r3.2
-^8.5
+8.2
-f8.8 4-6.0
4-26.7
4-27.0
+29.4
+ 17.4+18.7!
+8.24
9 a. m.
-}-2.2
-f2.6
+2.3 +2.8
+3.0
+3-0
+5.3
4-26.1
-^19.9
+25.5
+ 10.8
+ 1.2
+2.67
10 a. m.
+ I.I
-fi.i
-ro.9 -ro. 8
+ 1.7
-0.8
-^3.0
+ 9.9
-^ 9.3
+ 16.8
+ 3.7
— 12.7
+ 1.09
II a. m.
—0.2
0.8
— 1. 31 —1.6
0.7
—2.0
+0.6
+ 1.4
0.4
+ 8.0
+ 1.3
-21.4,
— 1.08
Noon
— 1.4
—2.2
3.2 3.4
2.5
-4.2
— 2.1
5.9
— 8. 2 — 0. 9
9.0
40.7
—2.80
I p. m.
— 2. I
-2.7
-4.8
-4.8
3.5
—5.0
-3.2
- 7.3
—10.7 — 4.0
—15. 1
—45-6
-8.68
2 p. m.
-2.2
-2.6
-4.8
-4.1
-8.5
-4.8
-4.2
- 7.7
— 9.8,- 8.1
—21.2
-49. 2,
3.56
3 p. m.
1.9
-2.0
-3.5
3.1
-2.6
-3.8
-4.6
7.3
- 9.9'
10.6
—20.4
-45.8'
—2.80
4 p. ni.
1.3
— I. I
2.5 2.2
1.6
-2.5
~4.6
- 9.1
- 9.8
n.3
—20.6
-68.7;
-1.85
5P- m.
-0.8
0.5
--1.5 — l.o
-0.7
-1.3 -3.8
9.9
— 10. 2i — 12. I
-28.6
--23. 7,
-0-95
6 p. m.
-0.4
—0.2
—0.8
-0.4
—0.2
0. 3 3. 2
- 9.9
9.7 12.9
-19.4-17-3
—0.36
7 p. m.
—0.2
—0.0
0.0
-fo.o
+0.2
4-0.2' —2.4
- 8.4
— 8.4—12.5
— 16. 1—27. 2
+0.05
8 p. in.
-f 0. 1
-fo. I
+0.6
-ro.8
' -^-0.2
4-0.7 — 1.4I— 6.0
— 9.0,-11.0
-15.5- 3-5i;+o.44
9 p. ni.
4-0. 2
-fo.i
4-1.0; +0.6
-ro.6
+ 1.2
—0.8— 8.1
— 7.5— I2.cJ
- 8.84- 3.5 -ro.64
10 p. m.
4-0.2
+0.1
-f I. II -f 1.2
+0.7
+ 1.3
-0.4
— 10.9
7.9 ".9
— 0.64-22.4 -ro. 79
II p. m.
-ro. 2
+0. 1
+ 1.1 +0.7
—0.2
4-1.2 -0.6
9.1
—11.5 —II. 9
-h 3-9+300 +o-^
Midnight
+0.1
-f-0.0
+ 1.0
+0.6
-j-o. I
4-0.8
-0.6
-18.4
-10.8—12.0
+ 9.2
+32.6
-0.45
Range
4.7
5.8
7.5
7.8
6.7
8.8
10.6
40. 1
38.6
41.4
43.7
98.8
6.9
Schott's deductions from this table are:
** A perusal of the tabular values for the localities marked i to 6, and which repre-
sent all that part of the United States and Canada which lies south of the forty-ninth
parallel, shows a very close accord of the diurnal variation, having an average maximum
easterly deflection of 3'. 2 at about 7*^.9 in the morning and an average maximum west-
erly deflection of 3' .6 at about i*'.4 in the afternoon, although the dip varies 20^®
between these geographical limits. At Sitka the range reaches already 10'. 6 and
beyond, with a dip of 80° and more, the diurnal range rapidly rises, attaining i*' 40'
nearly at Fort Conger. At the higher (magnetic) latitude stations there is a tendency
to shift the morning extreme to an earlier hour and the afternoon opposite extreme to
a later hour than the corresponding times just cited. A remarkable feature in the
diurnal variation (yearly average) is' the close correspondence in the local times when
the needle passes the average magnetic meridian (tabular values passing from + to —
sign); these times are:
For Key West
Los Angeles
Washington
Philadelphia
Madison
Toronto
h
m
10
51
10
35
10
25
10
20
10
43
10
17
Average
10 32
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM.
51
**This time is subject to an annual inequality which at Los Angeles in the summer
months displaces it to about 10^ 00™, and in the winter months to about ii"* 30""."
The diurnal range of the magnetic declination as is seen in Table IV, increases
with an approach to the magnetic pole and decreases toward the magnetic equator.
If </ represents the diurnal range, /, the dip and ^, the ** magnetic*' latitude as found
from the formula tan ffi=% tan /, then the following formula:
</=2'.58 sec' ^
will give a fair representation of the law according to which the diurnal range varies
with magnetic latitude or dip.
The diurnal range increases with an approach toward the magnetic pole because
the horizontal component of the magnetic force, which holds the compass needle in place,
diminishes with a movement in this direction, whereas the deflecting forces which cause
the diurnal variation increase, and thus their effect increases with increase of magnitude
latitude. The only force acting on the compass needle at the magnetic pole is that due
to the diurnal variation, and to magnetic perturbations, so that, if the needle were sus-
pended with sufficient delicacy it might pass back and forth through all points of the
compass in the course of the day.
The average value, for the year, of the diurnal range is subject to a mysterious
fluctuation, being greater in years of maximum frequency of sun spots, and less in
times of minimum frequency or minimum solar activity as exhibited by sun spots. The
next table, V, shows this. The numbers in column -^, due to Wolf, represent the vari-
ation for the years given in the sun-spot frequency. Thus in the year 1843, a minimum
sun-.spot year, it is found that the range of declination at Philadelphia reached its
smallest value. The period 1883-1884 was a maximum sun-spot year, and it is seen
that the range at Los Angeles reached its maximum value during this time.
Table V. — Showing how the diurnal range of the magnetic declination varies during the
su7i'Spoi period — {about 11 yeafs).
Philadelphia
Year
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
R
Diurnal range ! R^JV*''*' *"°"
of declination ^uSS^^
91
8.1
7.8
7.5
7.5
8.5
61.8
38.5
23.0
18.1
19-3
38.3
Los Angeles
Year
(Oct. to Oct.)
1882-83
1883-84
1884-85
1885-86
1886-87
1887-88
1888-89
-rki...-«ai ..a«»-^ Relative sun-
6.5
7.1
6.9
5.8
5.4
5-4
5.1
60. 7
68.2
53.7
32.4
14.3
7-3
7.4
52 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
According to the researches of two Russians, Leyst and Passalskij, the diurnal
variation is different over locally disturbed areas, e. g. , in regions of iron mines, from
what it would be if the disturbances did not exist. Hence in such regions, the con-
tinuous records of distant magnetic observatories can not be utilized for referring the
magnetic elements to the mean value for the day, or to some other period of time, but,
special observations for this purpose must be made in the disturbed locality. Whether
the secular change is likewise diflFerent over locally disturbed regions from what it
would be if the local disturbance were not present, is not yet known.
Just as the declination suffers change from hour to hour throughout the day, so
likewise are the other elements of the Earth's magnetism, the dip and the intensity,
affected.
The diurnal variation, as has been shown, progresses according to the hours of
local mean time, or, in other words, is connected in some manner with the Earth's rota-
tion whereby different parts of its surface are exposed to the action of the Sun's rays,
and it may be presumed, therefore, that the Sun plays a prominent part in causing the
daily variation in the Earth's magnetic state. The precise manner in which the Sun
brings about this variation has not yet been satisfactorily explained in spite ' of the
researches of the most eminent investigators. The most commonly accepted opinion is
that the diurnal variation is due to a peculiar system of electric currents in the upper
regions of the atmosphere, the precise way in which their existence is brought about
not being, however, as yet clear. ^
The diurnal variation furnishes the first evidence that the Earth's magnetism is in
close touch with outside influences and responds in a most mysterious and sympathetic
manner with changes ever going on in the upper regions. The facts related in the
following pages give further evidence on this subject.
Annual Variation.
If the monthly values of the magnetic declination be corrected for the secular
change in the course of the year, they exhibit a slight variation, having the year as
the period, known as the annual variation of the magnetic dedijiation. This is not to
be confounded wnth the annual change of the declination, which means the change in
one year due to the secular variation. The latter is a progressive change, so that the
needle at the end of the year does not point the same way that it did at the beginning,
while the annual variation is a cyclical change, that is, as far as the annual variation is
concerned, the needle returns to the same position virtually at the end of the year that
it had at the beginning. The next table shows how minute a quantity this annual
variation is, and that it can be neglected for all practical purposes.
"The reader who is interested in the latest theoretical developments might be referred to Schuster's
paper in Phil. Trans. R. S., Part A, 1889; von Bezold's papers, Berlin Academy of Sciences, 1897, and
Nippoldt's papers, Terrestrial Magnetism, Vol. VII. A summary of Schuster's and von Bezold's
researches will be found in Gray's Magnetism and Electricity, Vol. I, 1898.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM.
53
Table VI. — Annual variation of the magnetic declination at several places in the northern
magnetic hemisphere,^
[A + sig^ denotes a deflection of the north end of the magnet to the eastward^ a — sign, the contrary direction.]
Month
a™?— ; Key West,
Angeles, | ^^^
Washing-
ton, D. C.
i84(>-i&42.
1867-1868
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Philadel-
phia, Pa.
1840- 1845
Toronto,
Canada
1845-1S51,
1856-1864.
1865-1871
-0.5
-0.4
i-o. I
-ro. I
—0.2
-fo.6
-l-i.o
-i-o. 9
0.0
-[-0.2
—0.9
-0.7
0.0
-fO. 2
4-0. I
0.0
-1-0.3
-r-0.5
-^0.4
0.0
—0.4
—0.6
—0.4
— O. I
Dublin,
Ireland
1841-1850
Kew,
England
1855-1862
+0.4
0.0
-f-1.6
— 0.6
-fi.7
0-5
-fi.9
0.0
+1.3
-TO. 7
0.0
-1-0.8
—1.2
-ri.2
—2.2
+0.3
—2. 1
—0.2
-1.4
—0.8
0.3
—0.6
-ro.2
—0.7
It is seen that the total range of the annual variation is a very small quantity,
about i' for the North American stations. The character of the variation appears to
be different for each station. This may possibly be because the tabular results do not
refer in each case to the same interval of time, and because they were not deduced by
one common method.
According to the recent investigations of Dr. Schwalbe, the forces which bring
about this variation are situated outside the earth.
Minor Periodic Fluctuations.
Chief among these may be mentioned the variation depending upon the position of
the Moon with reference to the Sun and the Earth. The range, or difference between
the extreme values, of this variation is so minute that it has required many years
of continuous and carefully made observations to detect it.
Magnetic Storms.
Generally speaking these may occur at any time and are frequently accompanied
by auroral displays. Such storms may at times have a very w4de circle of action and
occur practically simultaneously over the whole area. Thus on December 3, 1896,
while the writer was on his way to Salisbury, Md., to make magnetic observations, he
saw a most brilliant aurora, and the next day while making magnetic obser\'ations the
behavior of the needle indicated that a magnetic storm was prevailing. This storm it
was afterwards ascertained occurred at foreign observatories practically simultaneously
with its occurrence in Maryland.
The fluctuations caused by these spasmodic variations in the Earth's magnetism
may in the United States occasionally amount to as much as 10-20' and even more.
«From Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1890, p. 249. The matter contained in Tables IV
and V was taken from the same source.
54 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Thus, on October 12, 1896, the writer made observations at Oakland, Md., at various
times during the day. The diurnal variation on that day was completely reversed, the
maximum value of west declination occurring in the morning instead of in the after-
noon, and the minimum value in the afternoon instead of the morning. The observa-
tion in the morning required a correction of —16'.
Small, spasmodic fluctuations occur frequently; in fact, scarcely a day passes with-
out them.
It is due largely to these irregular disturbances, the coming of which can not be
predicted, that it is not possible to give by a general system of rules accurate reductions
of an observed declination to the mean value for the day.
The duration of the irregular fluctuations may be but an instant, a few hours, or
several days. They generally reveal their presence by a sudden and marked departure
of the needle from, its true normal position. While these fluctuations make their
appearance apparently at random, nevertheless when they are treated statistically it is
found that they exhibit well-marked periodicities in tteir occurrences. They are more
frequent and more violent in the years of maximum solar activity, as indicated by sun
spots, and less frequent and less violent in years of minimum activity. In November,
1882, near the period of maximum sun spots, a magnetic storm occurred which caused
the magnetic needle at Los Angeles, Cal., to move over iyi° out of its normal
position. There was at the time a brilliant auroral display. This storm occurred over
the entire Earth, at Los Angeles, Toronto, London, St. Petersburg, Bombay, Hong-
kong, and Melbourne, and began at practically the same instant of absolute time. Then
again they appear subject to short, spasmodic variations, such as the daily and the
annual. They apparently occur more frequently toward evening and less frequently
toward noon; also more frequently in equinoctial months and less frequently in solstitial
months. Perhaps a good idea of the frequency and magnitude of the irregular dis-
turbances is obtained from Schott's table,^ based on the observations made ev^ery two
hours at Philadelphia, under Bache, between the six years 1840 to 1845.
Deviatious from normal Number of dis-
direction. turbances.
3. 6 to 10. 8 2189
10. 8 to 18. I 147
18. I to 25.3 18
25. 3 to 32. 6 3
Beyond, o
It should be recalled that the period of minimum sun-spot activity occurred in the
midst of this series; otherwise the disturbances would have been more frequent and
greater. Schott cites the following maximum deflections:
At Key West, between i860 and 1866 o 21. 4
At Madison, Wis., on May 28, 1877 o 24
At Madison, Wis., on October 12, 1877 o 48
At Lady Franklin Bay, during great storm in November, 1882, Greeiy
noted a deflection of 20 28
a Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1888, App. 7.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 55
G. R, Putnam, of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, cites a change of over 3° in
twenty minutes at Niantilik on September 18, 1896. *'At y*" 35™ a. m. local mean
time, the needle pointed 60® 35' west of north, while at 7** 55", it pointed 63® 50' west
of north, and the total range for the day was over 4^^°. On this date there was an
unusual magnetic disturbance, the extreme range in declination at Washington being
38' for the entire day, and 19' for the portion of the day corresponding to the interval
during which observations were made at Niantilik. It will be noted that the range in
declination was nearly fifteen times as great as at Washington during the same inten^al. ' '
The geographical position of Niantilik is 64** 53/5 north and 66° 19. '5 west of Green-
wich, and the dip on September 18, 1896, was 83® 54- '8.
Some other interesting cases of magnetic storms will be given in the section on
*' Magnetic Observatories."
The cause of these remarkable phenomena of the Earth's magnetism whereby the
whole magnetic system of the Earth is deranged at a moment's notice is shrouded in
mystery. There are clearly three kinds of magnetic storms: (i) Cosmic ones, due to
changes occurring in the regions above; (2) telluric ones, resulting from changes
within the interior of the Earth, and (3) regional or local ones, resulting from changes
within or external to the Earth's crust, whose field of action is limited to a restricted
region of the Earth and the center or focus of which, while sometimes stationary,
generally travels from place to place.
The principal phases of a storm of the first kind occur simultaneously over the
Earth, within one or two minutes of time. Doubtless if arrangements could be made
to time these principal phases at places over the entire Earth with greater accuracy than
the ordinary photo-magnetic records will admit of, the correspondence in time would be
only a matter of seconds. During the prevalence of these magnetic storms strongly
marked variations in the electric currents within the Earth's crust manifest themselves
along with the variations of the magnetic needle. Lord Kelvin has calculated the
amount of energy required to produce the magnetic storm of June 25, 1885, if it were
to be referred to direct action of the sun. Quoting from Gray's Magnetism and
Electricity:
**The horizontal force at the following eleven places: St. Petersburg, Stonyhurst,
Wilhelmshaven, Utrecht, Kew, Vienna, Lisbon, San Fernando, Colaba, Batavia, and
Melbourne, increased considerably from 2 to 2.10 p. m., and fell from 2:10 to 3 p. m.,
with irregular changes in the interval.
'*The mean value at all these places was .0005 above par at 2:10 and .005 below
par at 3 p. m. The changes as shown by the photographic records were simultaneous
at the different places. Assuming these electrical oscillations of the Sun, Lord Kelvin
estimates that the electrical activity of the Sun during the storm, which lasted about
eight hours, must have been about i6oXio*^ horsepower, or about i2Xio^Vergs
per second; that is, about 364 times the activity of the total solar radiation, which is
estimated at about 3X 10^ ergs per second. The electrical energy thus given out bj'
the Sun in such a storm would supply, if transformed to the electrical vibrations of
shorter period concerned in its ordinary radiation, the whole light and heat radiated
during a period of four months. This, as Lord Kehnn remarks, is conclusive against
the hypothesis that these violent magnetic disturbances are due to direct action of the
Sun/'
56 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
The probability is that a solar ray endowed with greater or less energy than ordi-
narily and of the necessary kind acted as the ** trigger to the gun'* to set oE mighty
electric forces whose presence in the upper regions is becoming more and more manifest
every day.
A magnetic storm of the second category is associated with changes within the
Earth, cataclysms, earthquakes, volcanic outbreaks, etc. The phases may occur
simultaneously over very large portions of the Earth, or progress from place to place
according to a certain rate. Remarkable coincident effects observed during the Ma}^
eruption in Martinique will be found further on. Hansteen declared * * that the
variations of the magnetic needle are a mute language revealing to us the changes
perpetually going on in the interior of the Earth." Another great student of nature,
Clerk Maxwell sarys: ''The never-resting heart of the Earth traces in telegraphic
symbols the record of its pulsations, and also the slow but mighty working of the
changes which warn us not to suppose that the inner history of our planet is ended."
Magnetic disturbances of the third kind, as stated, take place over a limited area,
and are associated with phenomena occurring within the Earth, as enumerated in the
previous paragraph, or with phenomena in the upper regions. In the case of these
storms the passing of the principal phases from place to place may take a measurable
amount of time. Storms of the first and second kind may bring about storms of the
third kind as secondary phenomena.
Dr. Schmidt made a mathematical analysis of various magnetic storms, and in
particular of the one which occurred on February 28, 1896, and whose course was
;» followed one hour, from 6 to 7 p. m. , Greenwich time, at the suggestion of Professor
Eschenhagen, simultaneously by 15 observatories distributed over the Earth. His
investigations clearly showed that the disturbance vectors at times converged to a
point, at other times radiated from a point, and in times of magnetic calms (compara-
tively speaking) the vectors at the various stations were almost parallel to each other,
as though pointing to a distant force center; furthermore, that the points of con-
vergence in general moved progressively forward with a velocity of about i kilometer
in a second, and also that they were at times nearly stationary. In view of the fact
that the cause of the diurnal variation of the Earth's magnetism must apparently be
referred to elettric currents in the upper regions of the atmosphere. Dr. Schmidt
believes that the immediate cause of the magnetic storms is to be referred to electric
whirls or vortices which separate themselves from the general electric field in the
atmosphere just as do the cyclones and anticyclones known to meteorologists. Taking
also into consideration the vertical disturbing components and applying Ampere's rule
to the current systems revealed by the disturbing forces, it follows that for the greater
part of our obserx^ed magnetic storms the causes come from the outside of the
Earth's crust.
MAGNETIC OBSERVATORIES.
These institutions are designed especially to secure a record of the changes ever going
on in the magnetic condition of the Earth. It was recognized at an early date that the
problems of terrestrial magnetism, like those of meteorology, have a world-wide interest
and bearing, and so require for their successful and complete solution the united and
harmonious efforts of all nations.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 57
Under the powerful initiative of von Humboldt, Gauss, Herschell, KupflFer, and
Sabine, a number of institutions were accordingly established in the fourth decade of
the last century in different parts of the Earth, whose special pUf*pose it was to record
the ever-occurring magnetic variations. To cooperate with these foreign observatories
a magnetic observatory — due to the enthusiasm of Professor Bache — was founded in this
country at Girard College, Philadelphia. The results from these observatories amply
showed the wisdom of international cooperation.. At the present time a special effort
at a systematic study of the magnetic variations, according to a uniform plan, has again
been originated, this time in cooperation with the various Arctic and Antarctic expeditions.
The Coast and Geodetic Survey has at present four magnetic observatories taking
part in this international work, viz, at Cheltenham, Maryland, 17 miles southeast of
Washington; at Baldwin, Kansas, 17 miles south of Lawrence; at Sitka, Alaska, and
in the Hawaiian Islands, at a site about 14 miles west of Honolulu. The first named,
the Cheltenham Observatory, is one of the most complete and elaborately constructed
magnetic observatories in existence, and its scope of work will include, besides the
observation of magnetic phenomena, also seismic ones, and such as are related to
atmospheric and to telluric electricity.
The next illustration, Fig. 12, gives a view of the Cheltenham Magnetic Observa-
tory, the larger building being the so-called "Variation Observatory,*' in which
are mounted the self -registering photo-magnetic instalments, and the smaller building
containing the oflSce in the middle, flanked by two wings in which the absolute magnetic
observations are made. The Variation Observatory consists of two rooms, each 16 by
19 feet; in the north room is mounted a magnetograph of the Eschenhagen pattern, and
in the south room has been installed the Adie magnetograph, adapted for photographic
registration and for eye readings, formerly at Los Angeles (1882-1889) and at San
Antonio (1890- 1895).
As the variations in the intensity of the magnetic force recorded on magnetic
instruments are partly due to the changes in the magnetic moment of the suspended
magnets due to temperature changes, it is necessary to either provide some means for
determining these artificial changes and make corrections, or to institute the necessary
arrangements for preserving a constant temperature in the observing room.
In the case of the Cheltenham Observatory, the attempt has been made to secure in
an above-ground structure freedom from moisture and a uniformity of temperature
within certain practical limits without employing any other means than that derived
from the insulation of the specially constructed walls of the variation observatory
building. In addition, thermographs register continuously any remaining temperature
fluctuations inside the magnetograph rooms, with the aid of which any necessary
reductions of the magnetic intensity variations to a selected standard temperature can
be made. The drawing of the plans and the erection of the observatory were intrusted
to J. A. Fleming, of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and the results obtained thus far
show that his method of construction was a successful one.
The wall insulation of the variation observatory is as follows: Beginning at
outside of building, pine weatherboarding, 8-ply building paper, i-inch pine sheathing,
8-inch air shaft, i-inch pine sheathing, 8-ply paper, 3 feet pine sawdust, 8-ply paper,
^-inch pine ceiling, 3 feet 2 inches air space of passageway, ^-inch pine ceiling, 8-ply
paper, i foot pine sawdust, 8-ply paper, ^-inch pine ceiling; slat ventilators or louvre
58 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
windows, so arranged and provided with closely fitting shutters that during the winter
the 8-inch air shaft referred to can be made practically air-tight, while during sum-
mer when opened these tend to admit of the passage and circulation of a cooling draft
around building. The insulation beginning at the roof and going down is: Gravel and
asphalt pitch roof, i-inch pine sheathing, 3 feet 8 inches air spaci communicating with
8-inch air shaft around building and provided with six lou\Te windows with close-fitting
shutters as on those at bottom of air shaft, i inch rough pine floor, 3-foot filling of pine
sawdust, 8- ply paper, J^-inch pine ceiling, 3-foot air space above rooms, i-inch rough
pine floor, i foot 6 inches pine sawdust, 8-ply paper, ^-inch ceiling. Insulation from
bottom of foundation is 2 feet 8 inches of earth, 6-inch to 8-inch layer of screened gravel,
about 3 feet pine sawdust, i-inch pine under floor, 8-ply paper, ?^-inch pine tongue-
and-groove floor.
The greatest danger to fulfillment of the above results lay in the necessity of pro-
viding openings through walls for ventilation of rooms and for means of ingress and
egress. Four shafts, each 5 by 10 inches and about 16 feet long, furnish air supply to
passageway through wooden floor grates. These are provided with heavy rabbeted
shutters made to fit very closely and fitted with refrigerator fasteners, so that they may be
made air-tight. They are also provided at inlet with copper-w4re screens of double thick-
ness to break force of a wind blowing toward opening and to keep out such vermin as field
mice. Ventilation of passageway is effected by four shafts opening into air space below
roof, each 6 by 10 inches and about 16 feet long, provided with close-fitting shdes.
Ventilation of air space below roof is effected by three 14-inch copper '*Star" ventila-
tors. By the judicious use of these air-supplies and ventilators the danger of direct
conduction of temperature changes through shafts can be entirely eliminated. Ventila-
tion of magnetograph rooms from and into passageway is effected in each room by four
3-inch square vertical shafts in sawdust packing having inlet or outlet just below ceiling
or above baseboard, according to arrangement of four closing slides provided for each.
To carry off gases of combustion from lamps of magnetographs, 3-inch copper
ventilators are provided.
Entrance into building is had through a vestibule on the south side, as shown in
Fig. 12, of 10 feet by 13 feet 8 inches outside dimension. Walls of entrance are built
similarly to those of main building without the air shaft and but 2 feet of sawdust
packing. The outside door can be closed before opening a second door leading into a
small entrance hall, which is 6 feet wide and 1 1 feet long; from this room a third door
leads into an opening in the sawdust packing, whence a fourth door opens into the
passageway around the rooms. In placing these doors particular care was taken to make
them close fitting^ Entrance into either of the magnetograph rooms is to be had only
from the hall between the two rooms through 8-inch refrigerator patterned doors packed
with sawdust.
The diurnal change of the temperature has thus been reduced to a matter of a few
tenths of a degree, and in fact it is believed that even this small variation will be elimi-
nated as soon as some other source of light than the present lamps has been introduced.
It has been repeatedly found that any sudden change of temperature which may amount
to 50°-6o° F. outside only makes itself felt gradually inside, and then does not amount
to much over 0^.5, and may be even less than this amount. The annual range has
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 59
been converted into a gradual progressive change, for which allowance can easily be
made, and amounting to between one-half and one-third of what it would be outside.
Fig- i3» which shows the magnetograph of the Eschenhagen pattern in place at
the Baldwin Observatory, will exhibit the precise arrangement of the instruments.
The two instruments on the left are the declination variometer, by means of which
the variations in magnetic declination dre obtained, and the horizontal intensfty
variometer (one in the middle of view) giving the changes in horizontal component of
the Earth* s magnetic force. The magnets in both instruments are laminar pieces of
well-hardened watch-spring steel, about an inch long (25"") and about one-fourth of an
inch wide and about one-sixty-fourth of an inch thick — quite a difference from the
meter-long magnets used in Gauss's time. The magnets are suspended by fine quartz
fibers passing through the glass suspension tubes, and swing in copper damping boxes.
The magnet in the declination instrument hangs in the magnetic meridian, whereas in
the horizontal intensity instrument the magnet is turned at right angles to the magnetic
meridian by means of torsion of the quartz fiber. A third instrument for registering
the variation in vertical intensity completes the set.
On the right of the view are shown the lamp and the recording apparatus. A spot
of light supplied by the lamp falls on the mirrors attached to the magnets, and is
reflected onto the drum or cylinder inside the recording apparatus, a sensitized sheet of
paper (platinum bromide) 15 by 52"" being wrapped around the drum and the drum
revolving either once in twenty-four hours or once in two hours, according to circum-
stances. As the magnet swings to and fro, the spot of light passes back and forth on
the sensitized sheet, producing a curved or devious line full of peaks and hollows dur-
ing time of magnetic disturbance. To provide a base line from which to count the
changes, a second spot of light coming from a fixed mirror attached to each instrument
traces its record on the revolving cylinder as a straight line.
A shutter operating automatically cuts off the light from the fixed mirror at
intervals of one hour and thus the base line is interrupted, the distance between hourly
breaks being about 20""", so that i*""" of the base line represents 3 minutes of time, or
o.i"° (the limit of reading), 18 seconds. If the drum revolves once in 2 hours, as it
does during special work, then i'"" of abscissa represents 15 seconds. One millimeter
of ordinate, or j^^ ^^ ^^ inch, corresponds to a change of i minute in the magnetic decli-
nation, and about .000025 c. g. s. units in the horizontal intensity, or about go^oo part
of the absolute value of the horizontal intensity. As it is possible to estimate ^^0 of a
millimeter, the magnetograms will ordinarially be read to o.i of a minute and to
.0000025 c. g. s. units (sdJoo H).
Figs. 14, 15, and 16 exhibit some of the interesting records already obtained.
They are reproductions on half scale of the magnetograms obtained at the Cheltenham
Magnetic Observatory with the Adie magnetograph. In this instrument each magnetic
element (declination, horizontal and vertical intensity) is recorded on a separate
photographic sheet, two days' record being obtained on each sheet. Each figure is
composed of three sheets.
Fig. 14 is designed to show the character of the magnetic curves during a com-
paratively undisturbed period, and especially to exhibit the slight effect due to the
Guatemalan earthquake. Beginning on top there are two curves — the declination
6o MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
curves — marked respectively April 18 to 19 and April 17 to 18, next two straight lines
similarly dated, which serve as the base lines for the curves. From the explanation
given in the preceding paragraphs it will be evident that the curves result from the
spot of light coming from the mirror attached to the magnet, whereas the straight lines
are due to the spot of light from the fixed mirror. Considering simply the curve and
base line, each dated April 18-19, and measuring the perpendicular distances or
ordinates between the base line and the curve at the hourly intervals marked, beginning
with 5 p. m., April 18, passing through midnight and continuing until 4 p. m. of the
following day, then the difference of these ordinates wnll give the changes in the
magnetic declination from hour to hour for the period of time, i"" (one twenty-fifth of
an inch) of ordinate on the original sheet being i'.i3, and in the figures twice this
amount, viz, 2'. 26. If the entire ordinate be converted into minutes of arc and added
to the base-line value, the actual magnetic declination for each hour from April 18,
5 p. m., to April 19, 4 p. m., can be obtained. As the arrows on the side indicate, a
rise in the curve means an increase of the declination (average value is about 5°.i west),
whereas a fall in the curve means a decrease. The hours as marked are for local mean
time; to get seventy -fifth Meridian or Eastern standard time addf,j.
Thus at about 8 a. m. , local mean time, the lowest value is reached, and between
noon and i p. m. the highest one results, the total change amounting to 4"'", or 9'. 5.
The same explanation will suffice for the next two curves (in the middle), the
changes in the ordinates measured from the corresponding base lines giving the changes
in the intensity of the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic force or the force
acting on the compass needle. The bottom curve and base line records the changes in
the vertical intensity, the vertical intensity curve for April 17 to 18 having been omitted
purposely to avoid confusion.
One millimeter of ordinate for either the horizontal or vertical intensity curve
corresponds practically to 0.00005 c. g. s. unit, and on the original sheets to half of
this amount. It will be noticed that the principal minimum of the horizontal intensity
occurs at about 9 a. m. local mean time and the principal minimum of the vertical
intensity curve occurs a little after 10 a. m.
Comparing the three separate sets of curves, it will be seen that the middle one —
horizontal intensity — shows a number of small fluctuations not occurring in the other
curves, and in fact this curve is rarely without disturbances of some kind.
Special attention is directed to the peculiar appearance of the curves (declination,
horizontal intensity, and vertical intensity) between 9 and 10 p. m. on April 18, the
curves being almost entirely obliterated for part of the way. This peculiar occurrence
can be traced to the Guatemalan earthquake, the maximum effect of which was recorded
at 9** 40™ (seventy-fifth Meridian or Eastern time) on the Milne seismograph which
Dr. H. F. Reid has had mounted at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.
The late Professor Eschenhagen, who examined a number of such cases of earth-
quake effects registered on magnetic instruments, came to the conclusion that the effect
was probably entirely a mechanical one, due to the vibration of the piers on which the
instruments were mounted, and not a magnetic effect.
Other breaks in the curves, e. g., about 5 p. m., 8 a. m., and 4 p. m., are the ** time
breaks ' * and are purposely made in order to obtain the data for dividing up the base
line into hourly intervals. (On the Eschenhagen magnetograph, as explained, this is
done automatically.)
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PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH»S MAGNETISM. 6 1
Fig. 15 shows the curves on a disturbed day. Looking at the second curve from
the top, it is seen that the declination cur\'e runs along smoothly until somewhat after
4 a. m., local mean time, April 10 (see second base line marked April 9-10), when it is
suddenly interrupted. Thereafter it exhibits a number of fluctuations until the end of
the cur\'e. Continuing now on the upper curve marked April 10, still more marked
fluctuations are exhibited until a little before 6 p. m., April ii (first base line) the
highest point is reached, the curve dropping thereafter. The change in declination
between this point and the lowest one which occurred about four hours before is
nearly 33'.
Passing on to the two middle curves — ^the horizontal intensity — it is found that the
fluctuations are even more marked than for the declination curves, the beginning taking
place very abruptly. The vertical intensity' curve likewise exhibits large fluctuations.
This magnetic storm lasted about two days, and began practically simultaneously
at the four magnetic observatories of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, \4z, Cheltenham,
Md. ; Baldwin, Kans. ; Sitka, Alaska, and Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands. At Sitka the
disturbance in declination was 2^ and over, part of the record being lost, having gone
beyond the edge of the paper.
Fig. 16 reproduces a magnetic disturbance, which, as in the previous case, began
very abruptly (see especially fourth curve). Now, the remarkable thing is this, that
the time of beginning of this storm was coincident, as far as can at present be ascer-
tained, with the' time of the eruption of Mont Pel^e (Martinique) on May 8. The
magnetic disturbance began simultaneously at the Cheltenham and at the Baldwin
observatories at 7^ 55™ St. Pierre local mean time. According to the newspaper reports,
the catastrophe befell St. Pierre about 8 a. m. of May 8, and it was stated that the town
clock was found stopped at 7'' 50*"; how accurately this clock kept local mean time is, of
course, not known. This disturbance was purely a magnetic one and not a seismic one,
as that shown in Fig. 14, and was not recorded on seismographs. The Cheltenham
magnetograms exhibit fluctuations amounting at times from .0005 to .0006 c. g. s. unit
(about ^^^ of the value of the horizontal intensity), and from 10' to 15' in declination.
On the morning of May 20, from 4^ 07"" to 4" 16'" Eastern time, or 5** 03™ to 5^ 12""
St. Pierre local mean time, there again occurred a slight disturbance of the magnetic
needles at the Cheltenham Magnetic Observatory, beginning abruptly and reaching its
maximum effect at 5*" 07™. From 11'' 57™ p. m.. May 20, to o^ 09", May 21, Eastern
time, or from o*' 53"* to i** 05" a. m.. May 21, St. Pierre local mean time, a similar but
somewhat larger disturbance occurred.
According to the cable dispatch from Governor L'Huerre, of the Island of Mar-
tinique (mentioned in the Associated Press dispatches), sent from Fort de France and
dated Tuesday, May 20, the second eruption of Mont Pel^e apparently began about
5^ 15" a. m. — closely coincident with the time of the first magnetic disturbance given
above.
Respecting the second magnetic disturbance, about midnight of the 20th, it is of
interest to note that almost continuous earthquake shocks were felt at St. Augustine,
Fla., from 9 to midnight, May 20.
The Coast and Geodetic Survey has undertaken a special study of the interesting
occurrences above described, and has sent a request for information to every magnetic
observatory in foreign countries.
62 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
MAGNETIC CHARTS.
IsoGONic Lines.
The most convenient form in which to represent magnetic data for practical use,
namely, by drawing lines through the places having the same magnetic declination,
the same magnetic dip, or the same magnetic intensity, is generally supposed to have
been employed for the first time by Dr. Edmund Halley, the noted astronomer, who,
at the beginning of the eighteenth century, published two charts of the * * lines of equal
magnetic variation (declination)," which are here called, respectively, the "Atlantic
Chart*' and the "World Chart." According to Hellmann, however, Christoforo Borri,
of Milan, appears to have made the first attempt to construct lines of equal magnetic
declination, but did not publish them.
The "Atlantic Chart," doubtless published in 1701, gave the lines of "equal
magnetic variation" chiefly over the Atlantic Ocean, based upon Halley' s observa-
tions, made between 1698 and 1700 on the shi^ Paramour Pink, the expenses of the
expedition having been borne by the English Government, this fruitful expedition
representing the first systematic effort made at a magnetic survey of the globe. In no
case were the lines on this chart drawn over land areas.*
The "World Chart," frequently referred to under the title of "Tabula Nautica,"
published later than the preceding one (probably in 1702), besides containing the
"lines of equal variation " for the Atlantic Ocean, also gave them for the Indian Ocean
and the extreme western part of the Pacific Ocean. (See Fig. 19. ) In a few instances
the lines were drawn across the continents. This was reproduced by Airy in the
Greenwich Observations for 1869, and again by Hellmann* in 1895.
Revisions of Halley's chart, made necessary by the progressive change in these lines
of equal magnetic declination with the lapse of time, were made after Halley's death
by Messrs. Mountaine and Dodson in 1744 and 1756. The most complete collection of
early charts of the lines of equal magnetic declination (isogonic charts) and of equal
magnetic dip (isoclinic lines) will be found in Hansteen's Atlas, belonging to his
famous work " Magnetismus der Erde," Christiania, 1819, and in Hellmann's facsimile
reprints,* to which latter "work the reader is referred for a detailed historical account.
The following series of isogonic charts from 1600 to 1858 (Figs. 17-20) have been
reproduced on a reduced scale from Neumayer's excellent Atlas des Erdmagnetismus,
published by Justus Perthes, Gotha, 1891, those of 1600 and 1800 being due to Hansteen,
and published in 1819, that of 1700 to Halley, and theone of 1858 to the British Admiralty.
Van Bemmelen has recently constructed isogonic charts for 1500 (see Fig. 4), 1550, 1600,
1650, and 1700, based on an exhaustive collection of early declination values.^ A care-
ful scrutiny of them is earnestly recommended to the reader. Let him pick out, for
« A copy of this chart, whose existence had escaped attention, was found by the writer in 1895
in the British Museum, and reproduced by him with commentary notes in the journal "Terrestrial
Magnetism," Vol. I, No. i, 1896.
&** Die altesten Karten der Isogonen, Isoklinen, Isodynamen," Berlin, A. Asher & Co., 1895. (At
the time of this publication Hellmann was not aware of the "Atlantic Chart," and so erroneously
believed that the "World Chart" was the original Halley Chart of 1701. )
<?"Die Abweichung der Magnet Nadel," Batavia, 1899.
X
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH^S MAGNETISM. 63
example, an agonic line (line of no magnetic declination) and follow its various trans-
formations from period to period. Or let him compare the chart of 1600 with that of
1905, given later, and notice what a complete reversal there has been in the distribution
of the Earth's magnetism, as represented by the lines of equal magnetic declination.
Thus in 1600 the declination over the western and southern parts of the Atlantic Ocean
and over western Europe and western Africa was east^ whereas to-day, over the same
portions of the Earth, the declination is west.
The chart (Fig. 21) of 1905 was reproduced from the British Admiralty Manual of
Deviations of the Compass, 1901. The isoclinic chart, giving the lines of equal mag-
netic dip for 1905 (Fig. 22), has been taken from the same source.
• In looking over the series of isogonic charts, two main lines of zero or no magnetic
declination (agonic lines) intersecting the equator, a western one and an eastern one,
can be recognized. If the longitudes of the intersections were determined from time to
time and represented graphically, the ordinate being the longitude and the abscissa the
corresponding year, it would be seen that for nearly three hundred years there has been
a progressive and almost uniform motion of these two agonic lines to the westward, the
western agonic at an average annual rate of nearly 14 minutes in longitude and the
eastern agonic at an average annual rate of about 8 minutes in longitude. Were
the western agonic to make a complete revolution of the Earth at the rate given, it
would take it nearly one thousand six hundred years, whereas the eastern agonic would
require about two thousand six hundred years. These results show how fruitless it is
to endeavor to determine the secular change period from the supposed motion of the
agonic lines around the Earth. The result reached will depend not only upon the
agonic selected, but also upon the parallel of latitude along which the sliding around
the Earth is supposed to take place. ^
Magnetic Meridians.
The lines of equal magnetic declination, while representing magnetic declination
data in a convenient and practical form, do not actually exist in nature; they are
merely an artificial set of lines devised to serve a useful purpose, which they admirably
fulfill. The so-called ** magnetic meridians,'* with which the isogonic lines are of ten
confounded, give a better representation of the actual magnetic condition of the Earth.
They are the lines along which one would travel were he to set out at any place on
the Earth and always follow the direction of the compass needle, and hence they
exhibit at every point the actual direction of the compass needle, not by numbers, but
by angles. The magnetic declination at any point will be the angle between the
magnetic and the true meridian passing through the point.
Fig. 23 gives the magnetic meridians for 1836 as drawn by Captain Duperrey. It
will be noticed that they all pass through two points — one in the Northern Hemisphere,
the North Magnetic Pole, and the other in the Southern Hemisphere, the South Mag-
netic Pole. The lines cutting across the magnetic meridians at right angles, which in
the present instance are the lines of equal "potential,*' Duperrey termed the "magnetic
«In this way Lord Kelvin deduced his much-quoted period of nine hundred and sixty years.
64 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1901.
Fio, 93.— Magneltc mcTidiani for 1836 (Duperrey),
Fio. 14.— Linn of equal magnetic
II
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 65
parallels.'* It is more usual, however, to call the lines of equal dip the ** magnetic
parallels. * '
The isogonic lines, on the other hand, pass through four points — two in each hemi-
sphere, the magnetic pole and the geographical pole. (See Fig. 24, which gives these
lines for 1885, as reproduced from Neumayer's * 'Atlas.") In other words, at both
points in each hemisphere it is possible to have all values of the magnetic declination;
at the magnetic pole because there all magnetic meridians converge, and at the geo-
gpraphical pole because there all true meridians meet, and since the magnetic declination
is the angle between the magnetic meridian and the true meridian, it is therefore possi-
ble to have every value of the magnetic declination at each of the two points. There
is this distinction between them, however: At the magnetic pole the compass has no
definite direction, all the force acting at this point being vertically downward, so that
there is no force in the horizontal plane pulling the compass into any fixed direction;
the true north and south direction is, however, a fixed one. At the geographical pole,
however, the true direction is anything you please, while the compass direction is a
perfectly definite one.
MAGNETIC SURVEYS.
General Remarks.
The present time is witnessing a remarkable revival of interest in magnetic work.
Magnetic surveys are either already under way or contemplated for the near future in
nearly every civilized country. From the Antarctic expeditions valuable results may
be expected in a region almost destitute of data, a,nd where in fact nothing has been
obtained since the observations of Ross and Crozier in the ships Erebus and Terror and
of Moore and Clerk in the Pagoda, sixty years ago.
Unfortunately, however, in the regions of the Earth where information regarding
the magnetic needle is of the highest practical importance to the seaman in these days,
when every effort is bent to increase the speed of a vessel by a knot over the great ocean
basins continually traversed — the Atlantic, the Pacific, etc. — there almost no magnetic
data are at present being obtained. But very little data regarding the magnetic declina-
tion of the needle, say nothing of the dip and intensity, have been obtained in the ocean
areas since the advent of iron ships, except from occasional eipeditions. The present
lines of equal magnetic declination, or, as the mariner terms them, ** lines of equal mag-
netic variation,** over these waters depend almost entirely upon results acquired in
wooden ships 50 to 100 years and more ago. It is therefore impossible to state just how
accurate they may be. When it is remembered that in times of fog and darkness, with
no celestial object visible, sole reliance must be placed on the log, compass, and the
variation charts, the importance of a systematic magnetic survey of ocean areas needs
no further argument. Fortunately all evidence goes to show that over the deep waters
of the ocean most frequently traversed, the Atlantic, the present lines of equal magnetic
declination are doubtless correct within 1°. In shallow waters, however, and near
coast lines, where danger of shipwreck is most imminent, greater errors in the lines can
be confidently expected. Respecting the Pacific Ocean, it is impossible to form an
accurate opinion as to the correctness of the mariner's ** variation charts.*' Unfortu-
27478—02 5
66 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
nately, almost the universal practice employed by seamen in these waters is to deduce
the compass deviation, or compass correction, due to the ship's own magnetism, entirely
with the .aid of the *' variation charts;" and rarely do they control their table of devia-
tion corrections by ** swinging ship.'* The difference between the observed ** variation
of the compass" on board ship and that scaled from the variation charts, is ascribed
wholly to the local magnetism of the ship, and called the *' deviation of the compass" on
the course on which the ** variation" was observed. This difference, however, is due
to three causes: (i) Ship's own magnetism; (2) error in variation charts; (3) error in
mariner's observation. If mariners in the Pacific Ocean would likewise swing ship,
when opportunity offered, and thus determine the deviations of the compass on various
courses independently of the charts, valuable data would be furnished those whose duty
it is to construct "variation charts."
The Coast and Geodetic Survey is making arrangements to fit out its vessels with
the necessary instruments for determining the magnetic elements at sea.
Besides the need of a systematic magnetic survey of ocean areas, there are vast areas
of the Earth, some under the control of civilized nations, which have not yet been
magnetically explored.
The complete solution of some of the vexed problems of the Earth's magnetism of
international interest, can not be accompHshed until some of the gaps in knowledge as
above pointed out have been filled.
The necessity of obtaining facts for keeping '* variation charts" up to date, i. e.,
correcting them for secular change, has already been made apparent in the previous
section on * ' Magnetic charts. ' ' It has been shown that it does not take many years to
make appreciable changes. Fig. 25, due to Neumayer, gives the amount of annual
change of the magnetic declination for various parts of the Earth. It will be seen that
along the tracks usually followed by steamers plying between New York and England,
the change may be as much as 6 minutes a year — that is, i® in 10 years — while over
other ocean areas, e. g.. South Atlantic, a change of 1° may be expected in about 6J^
years.^ Over the greater part of the Pacific Ocean, the change, at present (it may not
always be so) , is on the average about 2 minutes per year, or i ° in 30 years. For the
United States, as will be seen by turning to the Chart, the change is from o' to 5', the
average being about 3', or 1° in 20 years.
. ■*
« An error of i® in a course a mile long amounts to an error in distance of 92.2 feet. Supposing
a speed of 20 knots an hour, a vessel persisting on a course erroneous by i® would be out at the end
of the day's run about 9.6 miles, or 8.4 knots — nearly one half hour in time. Thus, when every
nerve is being strained to cut down the time of crossing the ocean by an hour or so, the need of being
able to hold a vessel true to her course is apparent.
When the mariner is obliged to rely entirely upon the compass and the log, the uncertainty in
fixing the ship's position at the end of a day's run is due to the error in distance traversed and
to the error resulting from imperfect knowledge of the true bearing of the course followed. If,
therefore, it were possible to add another factor for fixing the ship's position, e. g., if sufficiently
accurate dip observations were possible on board ship, they might help materially, with the aid of
the isoclinic charts, to fix the position.
In times of clear weather, when celestial objects are visible, there would of course be no need of
a *' magnetic" method for determining the ship's position, but when no astronomical method can be
employed then any additional information to that supplied by the compass and the log is greatly to
be desired.
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PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 67
Historical Summary. «
The first complete magnetic survey in which the three magnetic elements — decli-
nation, dip, and intensity — were determined, and which was executed as a national
piece of work and was coextensive with the limits of the countrj^ surveyed, was that of
the British Islands, corresponding to January i, 1837. This survey was imdertaken in
1836 at the request of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and was
completed in 1838, The example set by Great Britain was speedily followed by the
execution of similar surveys in various portions of the globe — in Austria, Bavaria,
Germany, Holland, Belgium, France, Canada, etc. At the present time nearly every
civilized country has been surv^eyed magnetically to a greater or less extent.
But such surveys must be repeated after the lapse of a number of years on account
of the slow, yet appreciable, change forever going on in the Earth's magnetic state,
which change, as one of the most noted physicists has truly said, is a warning
''that we must not suppose that the inner histor>^ of our planet is ended." Thus
after the lapse of twenty years Great Britain — again at the instance of the British
Association for the Advancement of Science* — repeated its original magnetic survey.^
The obser\'^ations were taken between 185 7- 1862. In the Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society for 1870 will be found a full account of this survey and likewise
of the earlier one. In this paper Sir Edward Sabine combined the observations of the
two sur\''eys and drew the isomagnetic lines for the mean period of 1842- 1845.
Recently Great Britain has completed a ihird magnetic survey, far more elaborate than
any of the preceding surveys. This survey, one of the most carefully executed up to
date, was conducted by two most eminent physicists. Professors Riicker and Thorpe.^
It is a most fruitful piece of work. Observations of the three elements were made at
first by the two distinguished professors themselves between the years 1 884-1888 at
205 places.* The government grant committee of the Royal Society then made a
liberal grant so that the survey might be carried out on a larger scale than hitherto
attempted. Two assistant observers were then employed, and with their aid, in the
four years 1889-1892, the grand total of the number of stations was brought up to 882,
making on the average i station to every 1 39 square miles of land area.-^ The isomag-
netic lines corresponding to the epoch 1 886-1 890, and based on the 205 observations
made between the years 1884-1888, were drawn, and likewise those as based on the 677
stations observed in 1889- 1892, were constructed for the epoch 1891, and finally the
« Quoted largely from the writer's First Report on Magnetic Work in Maryland.
& Doubtless no national organization has done so much for the advancement of the subject of
terrestrial magnetism as this most distinguished body of scientific men. Money grants have been
freely made; committees on terrestrial magnetism composed of the most eminent physicists have been
formed from time to time, and cooperation has been extended and encouragement given to magnetic
enterprises in many ways.
<^ Report on the Repetition of the Magnetic Survey of England, by Maj. Gen. Edward Sabine.
Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science for 1861.
<'Dr. Thorpe has made a number of determinations of the magnetic elements in the .United
States.
<'The results were published in the Phil. Trans, of the R. S., 1890, A, p. 53, the memoir consti-
tuting the Bakerian lecture of that year.
/The results of this last work have just been published, Phil. Trans. R. S., vol. 188, A, 1896.
68 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902,
lines as resulting from all the stations were obtained. A splendid opportunity was thus
afforded for testing the accuracy with which the positions of the isomagnetic lines, e. g. ,
the lines of equal magnetic declination or variation, can be inferred from observations
in greater or less number. For further details the reader is referred to Professor
Riicker's Interesting account® pubhshed in Terrestrial Magnetism for July, 1896.
Professor Riicker's* results regarding the relation of magnetic disturbances and
geological formations are of such universal interest that they are quoted in toto:
" It has long been known that just as the secular variation of the magnet is accompanied by minor
diurnal changes, so the large alterations in the direction of the compass and dipping needle, which
are observed when we move from place to place on the surface of the earth, are affected by irregular-
ities which are due to purely local causes. Thus the declination is greater in Ireland than in England;
but the increase is not uniform as we pass from one country to the other. In fact in some districts
an abnormaUy large increase is followed by a decrease.
"These curious inequalities must be due to local disturbing forces, and the large number of obser-
vations which have been made in this country [Great Britain] have enabled us to determine with
more than ustial accturacy the magnitude and direction which the magnetic forces would assume if
they were undisturbed by any local cause, and from the difference between things as they then would
be and things as they actually are, we can calculate the magnitude and direction of the disturbing
forces themselves. When these are represented on a map, it is found that there are large districts of
the country in which the disturbing horizontal forces act in the same direction; in one region the
north pole of the needle will be deflected to the east, in another to the west, and, as we pass from
. one of these districts to the other, we always find that at the boundary the downward vertical force
on the north pole of the needle reaches a maximum value. We are thus able to draw upon the map
lines toward which the north pole of the needle is attracted. It is found that the exact position of
these can be determined with considerable accuracy, and that the lines can be traced without any
possible doubt through distances amounting, in some instances, to a couple of hundred miles. The
key to this curious fact is probably furnished by observations in the neighborhood of great masses of
basalt or other magnetic rocks. If these were magnetized by the induction of the earth's magnetic
field, the upper portions of them would, in this hemisphere, attract the north pole of the needle;
and it is found that where large masses of basalt exist, as in Antrim, in the Scotch coal fields, in
North Wales, and elsewhere, the north pole of the needle is, as a matter of fact, attracted toward them
from distances which may amount to 50 miles. The thickness of the sheets of basalt is in most cases
too small to furnish a complete explanation of the observed facts, but it is quite possible that these
surface layers of magnetic matter are merely indications of underground protuberances of similar
rocks from which the surface sheets have been extruded. At all events, there is no possible doubt of
the fact that where large masses of basalt occur, the north pole of the needle tends to move toward
them.
"There are other regions where the attractions are manifest, but where, nevertheless, no magnetic
rocks occur upon the surface; but it is most probable that the cause is the same, and that it is due to
the mere accident of denudation that in one case we can, and in the other we can not, point to the
magnetic rocks to which the anomalous behavior of the compass is due. Iftkts be so, it is certainly
interesting thai magnetic observations should enable us to penetrate to depths which the geologist can
not otherwise reach, and that the lines which we draw upon the surface of the map, as those to which
the north pole is attracted, may, infant, roughly represent the ridge lines of concealed masses of mag-
netic rocks, which are the foundations upon which the deposits stttdied by the geologist have been laid.
A. W. Riicker: A Summary of the Results of the Recent Magnetic Survey of Great Britain and
Ireland conducted by Professors Riicker and Thorpe:
I. On the Accuracy of the Delineation of the Terrestrial Isomagnetic Lines.
II. On the Accuracy of the Determination of the lyocal Disturbing Magnetic Forces.
III. On the Relation between the Magnetic and the Geological Constitution of Great Britain and
Ireland.
* Extracted from Terrestrial Mdgnetism, Vol. Ill, pp. 42-43.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 69
"There is some ground for thinking that if these great underground wrinkles exist, thtey have
affected the rocks which are superposed upon them, especially those which are of a comparatively
early date. As a general rule, if older rocks appear in the midst of newer ones, the pole of the
magnet will be attracted toward the protruding mass; but this rule holds good only of the rocks of
Carboniferous or Pre-Carboniferous age, and does not apply to later deposits. As a striking example, I
may state that the Pennine Range — which is sometimes called the "backbone of England"— is a
mass of millstone grit rising amid younger rocks. Down this a well-marked magnetic ridge line
runs. Similarly, in the neighborhood of Birmingham, the Dudley and Nuneaton coal fields are sur-
rounded by more modem deposits. A curious horseshoe-shaped ridge line connects these two, and
then runs south to Reading, which is, magnetically speaking, one of the most important towns in the
Kingdom. East and west from Dover to Milford Haven, and then across the English Channel to
Wexford, runs a ridge of the older rocks, called by geologists the Paleozoic ridge, concealed in many
places by newer deposits. Hollowed out in this are the South Wales and Forest of Dean coal fields,
and in another hollow within it lies the coal which has recently been discovered at Dover. Closely
following this protruding mass of the older r<x:ks is a magnetic ridge line which passes through
Reading, and thus we have a magnetic connection between the anticlinals of Warwickshire and the
Paleozoic ridge. From the neighborhood of Reading also another magnetic ridge line runs south-
ward, entering the channel near Chichester. M. Moureaux, who, with most untiring energy, has for
many years been investigating, single handed, the magnetic constitution of France, has discovered
the continuation of this line on the French coast near Dieppe, and has traced it through the north of
France to some 50 miles south of Paris. The energy which is now being displayed by magnetic sur-
veyors in many countries will, no doubt before long, prove that the network of these magnetic ridge
lines is universal, and the relations between them and the geological conformation of the countries
in which they lie will be so studied that our inductions will be based upon an adequate knowledge
of facts."
To give an intelligent and fair account of all work done in recent years in this
special field of human activity would require far more space and time than is available.
On the European continent, in nearly every country, elaborate magnetic surveys are either
at present in progress or have ju3t been finished or are in contemplation. One of the
most detailed in recent years is that of Holland, by Dr. Van Rijckevorsel, for the epoch
1891.0, embracing 278 stations over an area about equal to that of Maryland, or averag-
ing about one station to every 40 square miles. This survey of Holland is especially
interesting from the fact that though it was made over an area superficially destitute of
striking geological features, it nevertheless revealed marked disturbances. The author
sums up his conclusions thus: "Little even as we know about the geology of the
Netherlands, the magnetic maps must bring every one to the conviction that in some
cases, in many perhaps, there must be a direct relation between geologj' and terrestrial
magnetism, and that many of the magnetic features must be in some way determined by
the geological structure of the underground. What these geological features might be
we are at present unable to tell. What kinds of rock may be hidden at a depth of 300
meters or more under the peat bogs and heaths of the Netherlands, and the clay, sand,
and pebbles immediately underlying these, we do not know — rocks which, although
under ground, are yet perhaps in some places so near the surface as to be an effective
barrier against the inroads of the sea, which has fair play in other districts. * '
• So, likewise, important and interesting results were obtained by Professor Liznar,
who conducted the magnetic survey of Austria. The magnetic survey of most of the
German States (for a second time, and on a more elaborate scale than during Lamont's
time) is now in progress. The Russian Government has been planning a magnetic
survey of its extensive domains, and it is hoped that the funds will soon be forthcoming.
70 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Magnetic surveys of India and of Egypt are being undertaken under the auspices of
the English Government. Instances could be multiplied in which good and important
work has been accomplished by magnetic surveys, as, for example, in France, Italy,
Belgium, Denmark, Norway and Sweden, etc.
Extremely interesting investigations in the greatly disturbed areas in Russia
between Kursk and Odessa have been made by Leyst, Moureaux, and Passalskij.^
Enough has been given, however, to show that by undertaking similar work the
United States is simply keeping in touch with a general movement that is manifesting
itself most actively in the civilized world to-day. It is recognized that in the eager and
impatient endeavor to unravel the mysteries of the celestial regions the terrestrial
mysteries, manifesting themselves every moment, have been woefully neglected. The
science of our Earth is still in its infancy, and the astronomer has been made painfully
aware of the fact that more attention must be given to the study of the physical history
of the planet. There is every evidence that a reaction in scientific thought in this
regard has set in that is bqund to grow, and it is most desirable that the United States
should keep in line with this onward movement.
Magnetic Survey of the United States.
In concluding, brief reference to the history of terrestrial magnetism in the United
States is made, so that one may form some opinion as to the place to be ascribed to this
country in the development of magnetic surveys.
The earliest attempt at a detailed State magnetic survey appears to have been made
by Prof. Alexander Dallas Bache in 1840-1843, just before he was called to the Superin-
tendency of the Coast Survey. He called his survey a ' ' Magnetic survey of Pennsyl-
vania and parts of adjacent States." Obser\'ations were made at 22 points within
Pennsylvania; they did not in every case embrace the three elements. Professor Bache
made these obsen^ations during his summer vacations from 1840-1843 and at private
expense.
When Bache became Superintendent of the Coast Survey magnetic work was incor-
porated in the work of the Survey. Since then magnetic observations have been made
in every State of the Union by the Coast Survey, and the drawing of isomagnetic maps
and the furnishing of the data for allowance for the secular change have become regular
authorized functions of the Survey. The extension of the observations in such manner
as would fulfill the modern requirements of a magnetic survey could not be undertaken
until 1899, when the United States Congress, acting upon the recommendation of Dr.
Henry S. Pritchett, then Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, largely
increased the appropriation which had been made for magnetic observations before that
date.
An oflBcer of the Survey was placed in immediate charge of the details of the work
in the field as Inspector of Magnetic Work, a division of Terrestrial Magnetism was
created in the OflSce of the Survey, and operations were extended to the limit fixed by
the amount of money available.
Magnetic observations, more or less complete, and magnetic tours, more or less
extensive, had' been made previous to Bache's work, referred to above, e. g., by Long
a See Terrestrial Magnetism, Vol. IV, p. 235, and Vol. VII, No. 2.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 7 1
(1819), Nicollet (1832-36), Locke (1838-43) and Loomis (1838-41). The last made
the first general collection of magnetic observations for this country and has the honor
of having drawn the first magnetic maps. To be sure, these maps, covering the eastern
part of the United States, owing to the scantiness of the material, were only rough
approximations; nevertheless, when, sixteen years later, a more complete map was
made by the Coast Survey, Professor Bache declared that between his own map and
that of Loomis, when proper allowance was made for the secular change, the ** agree-
ment was remarkable.'* This epoch of about 1840 is remarkable for the number of
zealous and devoted students of terrestrial magnetism among the famous scientists in
the United States. It is hoped that before long some of the physicists of this country
can again be counted in the list of eminent magneticians.
From 1 878-1 883 Prof. Francis E. Nipher, professor of physics at Washington
University, St. Louis, undertook a detailed magnetic survey of Missouri. Professor
Nipher must be duly credited with the spirit and enterprise he exhibited in the inaug-
uration of this survey. He was dependent entirely upon private aid for the defraying
of the expenses of the work. The instruments were loaned by the Coast and Geodetic
Survey. Professor Nipher has published thus far five reports of this work^. He has,
however, not been able to complete the survey, and so no final report and no maps have
been published. He had observed, with the aid of assistants, at 149 stations, or on the
average at one station to 438 square miles.
At the same time some preliminary observations appear to have been made by
Prof. Gustav Hinrichs, in Iowa, but the survey does not seem to have progressed far
beyond a beginning.
Next comes the declination survey carried out — this time under State auspices —
under the direction of Prof. George H. Cook, then State geologist of New Jersey, now
deceased. The period of the survey was 1887-1890, all the observations to the extent of
158 stations having been made within a few years of this date. There was thus on the
average one declination station to about 52 square miles. The observations \^ere not
made with special magnetic instruments, but good surveying transits were used. The
observers appear to have executed the work as carefully as the methods and instru-
ments would permit.
It was a commendable piece of work, as far as it went, but it was not complete.
In order to derive the full benefit from magnetic surveys, it is absolutely essential to
determine not declination alone, but also dip and intensity. Experience has repeatedly
shown that with proper instruments a skilled observer can determine the three mag-
netic elements at practically the same cost in money and time as when declination results
alone are determined. The principal expense and labor occurs in getting to a station
and determining the true meridian. After this, the magnetic work, with proper
instruments and modem methods, can be expeditiously and economically performed.
In 1896 the State Geologist of Maryland, Prof. W. B. Clark, inaugurated a mag-
netic survey of Maryland, and intrusted it to the writer. The work was done princi-
pally in the summer months of 1896 and 1897 ^^'^ i^ ^^ spring of 1899, the expense
being borne by the State of Maryland, except in 1899, when the expenses were divided
between the State and the Coast and Geodetic Survey. In 1900 all of the expenses
a Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Sciences, 1878-1886.
72 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
were borne by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and the instruments used throughout
the work (1896- 1900) were loaned by this Survey. This work has resulted in giving
Maryland the most detailed magnetic survey of any State, there being on the average
one station to about 100 square miles. Holland is the only country which excels
Maryland in this respect, having, on the average, one station to every 45 square miles.
The results have been published in two Reports by the Maryland Geological Survey.
A number of interesting facts have been revealed, especially in the locally disturbed
areas; it has been amply demonstrated that if the geologist desires to invoke the aid
of magnetism in the solution of some of the vexed problems with reference to subter-
ranean formations at depths impenetrable by ordinary means, he must use approved
magnetic methods, and not be content with instruments which admit of simply
"ordinary'* accuracy.
A magnetic survey of North Carolina was made between 1898 and 1899, by J. B.
Baylor, of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, under the joint auspices of the Coast and
Geodetic Survey and the North Carolina Geological Survey (Prof. J. A. Holmes,
State Geologist). The *' General Report" of this work, prepared by Messrs. Baylor
and Hazard, will be found in Appendix 9, Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for
1898-99. (See also Bulletin No. j.i.)
As stated above, since 1899 the Coast and Geodetic Survey has been enabled to
undertake systematically a magnetic survey of the territory under the jurisdiction of
the United States.^ The general plan on which the magnetic survey is being conducted
has been published in Appendix 10, Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1898-99.
It is the intention to make first a general survey with stations about. 25-30 miles
distant and to occupy between 400-500 stations a year. After the general survey has
been completed additional stations will be placed where most needed, as, for example,
in the locally disturbed areas revealed by the general survey. Also, besides the con-
tinuous observations at the magnetic observatory stations, the magnetic elements will
be redetermined at a number of well-chosen and uniformly distributed places from
time to time, in order to determine the amount of secular change, and thus make it
possible to keep the magnetic charts up to date. For fuller information refer to the
Appendix cited.
«The areas of the countries at present belonging to or under the jurisdiction of the United States
are, approximately, as follows:
Square miles.
United States 3 025 600
Alaska 577 390
Philippine Islands 118 600
Hawaiian Islands 6 500
Porto Rico 3 435
Guam Island, Tutuila Island, and Midway Islands 220
Total 3 731 745
The area controlled by the United States is equal to that of Europe, or about one-fifteenth of the
entire land area of the globe.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH»S MAGNETISM. 73
THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC POLES AND MAGNETIC MOMENT.
Magnetic Poles.
The definition for the magnetic poles of the Earth commonl)^ accepted, is that they
are the points on the Earth's surface where the dipping needle stands precisely vertical,
i. e., where the dip is 90®, at the north magnetic pole, the north end of the dipping
needle pointing vertically downwards, and at the south magnetic pole, the south end
of the same needle pointing vertically downwards. Excluding ' * local magnetic poles, ' '"
caused by extraordinary local deposits of attracting masses, there are but two such
points, one in the Northern Hemisphere and the other in the Southern Hemisphere;
their approximate positions will be presently given, and it will be seen that they are
not diametrically opposite each other. At these points, as all of the Earth's magnetic
force acts vertically downwards, there is no horizontal component to act on the com-
pass needle and hold it in any fixed direction, hence the compass needle at the mag-
netic poles, except for extraneous disturbing influences, remains in any position it may
be placed.
The points of greatest intensity of the total magnetic force, because of the irregu-
lar way in which the Earth is magnetized, are not coincident with the magnetic poles
as above defined; barring out local manifestations there will be found to be four such
points, two in each hemisphere, termed the **foci of greatest magnetic intensity."
The stronger of the two intensity foci in the Northern Hemisphere, was, according to
Lefroy's observations in 1843-44, in latitude 52° 10' north and in longitude 99*^ 59'
west of Greenwich, hence somewhat south of Hudsons Bay and considerably south of
the north magnetic pole.
It can not too clearly be pointed out that the points on the Earth's surface termed
''magnetic poles," are by no means to be compared to the poles of a bar magnet. If
they were similar in their action, then, manifestly, the weight of iron particles ought to
increase enormously with approach to the magnetic poles. This, however, is known
not to be the ca§e. The increase in the weight of iron as the pole is approached, on
account of the increase of the vertical force of the Earth's magnetism, would only be
about one-eighth of that due to the well-known increase of gravitational force d^o)
because of the flattening of the Earth at its rotation poles. The Earth is a spherical
magnet, and not at all to be likened to a bar magnet. A bar magnet at the center of
the Earth which would produce the magnetic facts observed on our globe would have its
magnetic poles practically coincident with each other. Two well-known investigators,
Kraft and Biot, found that the nearer to each other they assumed the poles of a fictitious
bar magnet placed at the center of the Earth to be, the closer the correspondence
between their computed results on this hypothesis and the observed facts; so that the
''equivalent magnetic poles of a spherical magnet " are practically the same distance
from all points on the Earth's surface, and this accounts for the very slight increase in
the weight of iron which might be expected if it were carried from the ' ' magnetic
equator ' ' to the ' ' magnetic pole. ' '
a A "local magnetic pole *' was found by Messrs. Leyst and Moureaux in Russia, between Kursk
and Odessa; the writer in the fall of 1900 found one near Juneau, Alaska, viz, on Douglass Island,
opposite Sheep Creek. There are a number of such ** local '' poles.
74 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Hence there are no paints on or near the EartKs surface equivalent in their action to
the poles of a bar magnet; the points which are termed the " magnetic poles of the Earth "
are simply the points of intersection of the direction of vertical dip with the Earth^s surface.
If the Earth were uniformly magnetized throughout instead of being heterogene-
ously magnetized, the Une joining the ** equivalent magnetic poles,'* if prolonged, would
pass through the points on the Earth's surface where the dip is equal to 90°, and this
line would be the * * magnetic axis ' ' of the Earth. Only about seven-tenths of the total
force of the Earth's magnetism can be referred to a homogeneous magnetization, the
remainder being due to irregular magnetizations. Hence we must expect neither that
the points of vertical dip lie diametrically opposite to each other nor that the magnetic
axis of the uniform magnetization should coincide with the straight line connecting
them. The said magnetic axis passes through the Earth's center and connects the points
on the surface, lying respectively in latitude 78^.3 north, longitude 67^.3 west, and in
latitude 78°. 3 south, longitude 112°. 7 east, while the straight line connecting the
magnetic poles does not pass through the center of the Earth but off to one side.
In consequence of the heterogeneous magnetization of the Earth a magnetic
meridian line is not a straight line leading to the magnetic poles, but a very devious line
indeed. And thus a great circle passed through the direction pointed out by a compass
needle at any given place will not pass through the magnetic poles, and the opposite
intersections of two of such circles will not coincide with the magnetic poles.
It is desirable to advert to one more matter before proceeding to give the posi-
tion of the ''magnetic poles." Gauss defined these points as the places of minimum
and of maximum potential, the former being the north magnetic pole. The points so
defined would coincide with those of vertical dip, if no part of the Earth's magnetism
be due to electric currents which pass from the air into the earth and vice versa. It
would seem as though we have some indication that a small part (about 2 or 3 per cent)
of the Earth's magnetic force is to be ascribed to such currents.
Capt. James Clark Ross, in June, 1831, found that the dip of the peedle at a place
whose latitude was 70° 05' 17" north and whose longitude was 96? 45' 48" west of
Greenwich was 89° 59'. 5. The compass needle had lost its directive force at this
point entirely; when suspended by a fiber it would remain in any position in which it
had been placed. This point, reached for the first time by Ross and designated the
" North Magnetic Pole," is situated on Boothia Felix — named in honor of Felix Booth,
who had fitted out the expedition. Owing to the method of determination which Ross
had to employ and the inaccuracy of his instruments, the position found for the
magnetic pole must be regarded as only approximate. To fix the point precisely would
require the magnetic survey of a considerable area, and hence the expenditure of more
time than Ross could afford.
A Norwegian, Mr. Roald Amundsen, is at present planning a north magnetic pole
expedition, which is to set out in the spring of 1903, and is to be equipped for a stay of
four years in the region of the magnetic pole. His magnetic instruments are being
constructed especially for this expedition under the able superintendence of Professor
Neumayer, director of the German Naval Observatory at Hamburg, and Dr. Chree,
superintendent of Kew Observatory, England.
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM.
75
The change in the magnetic inclination — the element principally involved in the
location of the magnetic pole — along a magnetic meridian is in this region about o'.S
to 2' per kilometer, or i' to 3' per mile. It is furthermore probable that the magnetic
pole is at present moving, because of the secular change in the Karth's magnetism in a
northwesterly direction at the rate of about 5-8 kilometers, or 8-13 miles, per year.
It would accordingly seem that with modem instrumental means and methods the
t Jb 1. « )• ^
Fio. J6,-M8po( region around North Magnelfc Pole <Schott, 1890).
location of the magnetic pole, defined as the focus of vertical dip, and its secular motion,
ought to be determinable with sufficient accuracy within the period of the expedition.
Observations of the diurnal variation of the magnetic elements, if possible, of mag-
netic perturbations, polar lights, and atmospheric electricity will be extremely interest-
ing and valuable in this region.
The south magnetic pole has not as yet been reached. From Ross's observations,
made in the antarctic regions while in command of the ship Erebus, Dupertey has deduced
the position of 75" south and 138° east of Greenwich. The nearest approach to the
76 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
south magnetic pole was made by Ross, February 16, 1841, in latitude 76** 20' south
and longitude 165° 32' east, the dip at this place being 88° 35'. Unsurmountable phys-
ical difficulties prevented his getting any nearer.
Duperrey determined the position of the magnetic poles with the aid of his charts
of the magnetic meridians for 1836. (See Fig. 23. ) These meridians do not quite meet
in the same point because of the irregularity in the Earth's magnetization, as already
pointed out; however, the "successive intersection of each pair of contiguous meridians
form a closed curve, the central points of which may be denominated magnetic poles.**
The poles so defined were found to be in 70** north, 98** west, and 75° south and 138®
east. Gauss, in 1838, calculated that the north magnetic pole would be in 73° 35'
north and 93° 39' west, and the south magnetic pole in 72° 35' south and 152° 30'
east. Commander Borchgrevink, who has penetrated the farthest south thus far, claims
that the position of the south magnetic pole, computed (he did not reach the pole) from
his magnetic observations, gives a position agreeing more closely with that of Gauss than
that of Ross. Enough has been given to show, however, that the positions of the mag-
netic poles are not as yet accurately known, and that, furthermore, any position deter-
mined applies only to a particular time.
Magnetic Moment.
The following figures are given to furnish some slight conception of the magnetic
moment of the Earth. Suppose as the unit, a bar magnet of the hardest steel, magnetized
as strongly as possible, which shall be 14 inches long, i inch wide, i % inches thick. Such
a bar magnet would weigh i pound. According to Gauss, it would take the following
number of these bar magnets placed at the Earth's center to produce the same external
effect as the Earth:
8 464 000 000 000 000 000 000.
Or, if we assume that the Earth's magnetism is uniformly distributed throughout the
Earth, then will the magnetic intensity of each cubic yard be equal to six of the
I -pound steel magnets.
To put the same fact in still another form. The radius of a soft iron sphere mag-
netized to saturation and concentric with the Earth, which shall have the same magnetic
effect as that of the Earth, is, according to Overbeck, 243.2 kilometers, or 132.4
geographical mites, or 151 statute miles, or one-twenty-sixth of the Earth's radius.
According to Gray ("Treatise on Magnetism and Electricity," 1898): ** Certain
long bars of steel of comparatively high magnetizability have been found by the author
to take a magnetic moment of about 780 per cubic centimeter (that is, an induction in
the steel of over 10 000, about four and one-half times that taken by Gauss's bar).
Consequently, the magnetic moment of a cubic centimeter of such steel is about ten
times as great as that of a cubic decimeter of the Earth — that is, the mean magnetization
intensity of the Earth's substance is about f trluv of that of very highly magnetized hard
steel. ' '
Fleming says ('* Terrestrial Magnetism," VoL II, p. 58):
** Taken as a whole, the Earth is a feeble magnet. If our globe were wholly made
of steel and magnetized as highly as an ordinary steel-bar magnet, the magnetic forces
at its surface would be at least a hundred times as great as they are now. That might
be an advantage or a very great disadvantage."
PRINCIPAL FACTS OF EARTH'S MAGNETISM. 77
In conclusion, it may be well to point out that the actual distribution and location
of the magnetic masses or systems of electric currents within the Earth's crust which
cause the observed magnetic facts on the globe can not be definitely determined until
observations in sufficient number and of the required accuracy have been made not only
on the surface, but also at various altitudes and depths — in the upper regions and in the
ocean depths. The facts measured and observed simply on the surface can be explained
in an infinite number of ways.
All modem investigations would seem to lead to the conclusion that there exists
both a very deep-seated magnetic field and one confined to a comparatively thin layer,
and that the Earth's total magnetism results from systems of electric currents as well as
from permanent and induced magnetizations.
DETERMINATION OF THE TRUE MERIDIAN AND THE MAGNETIC
DECLINATION.
DETERMINATION OF THE TRUE ' MERIDIAN.
Such methods as can be employed with the means usually at a surveyor's disposal
are described first, and then the method generally used by the magnetic observers of the
Coast and Geodetic Survey is given.
SiMPi^E Methods for Determining the True Meridian by Observations on
Polaris.^
i. — to determine the true meridian by observation on polaris at elonga-
TION WITH A surveyor's TRANSIT.
1. Set a stone, or drive a wooden plug, firmly in the ground and upon the top thereof
make a small distinct mark.
2. About thirty minutes before the time of the eastern or western elongation of
Polaris, as given by the tables of elongation, No. VII, set up the transit firmly, with its
vertical axis exactly over the mark, and carefully level the instrument.
3. Illuminate the cross hairs by the light from a bull's-eye lantern or other source,
the rays being directed into the object end of the telescope by an assistant. Great care
should be taken to see that the line of collimation describes a truly vertical plane.
4. Place the vertical hair upon the star, which, if it has not reached its elongation,
will move to the right for eastern and to the left for western elongation.
5. As the star moves toward elongation, keep it continually covered by the vertical
hair by means of the tangent screw of the vernier plate, until a point is reached where
it will appear to remain on the hair for some time and then leave it in a direction contrary
to its former motion, thus indicating the point of elongation.
6. At the instant the star appears to thread the vertical hair, depress the telescope
to a horizontal position; about 100 yards north of the place of observation drive a wooden
plug, upon which by a strongly illuminated pencil or other slender object, exactly coin-
cident with the vertical hair, mark a point in the line of sight thus determined; then
quickly revolve the vernier plate 180°, again place the vertical hair upon the star, and,
as before, mark a point in the new direction; then the middle point between the two
marks, with the point under the instrument, will define on the ground the trace of the
vertical plane through Polaris at its eastern or western elongation, as the case may be.
7. By daylight lay off to the east or west, as the case may require, the proper azi-
muth taken from the Table No. VIII; the instrument will then define the true meridian^
which may be permanently marked by monuments for future reference.
a In the preparation of this article use has been made of the United States Land Office Manual of
Instructions, Washington, 1896.
79
8o
Tabi^ VII.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
-Local mean {astronomiccd) time of the culminations and elongations of
Polaris in the year igo2,
[Computed for latitude 40° north and longitude 90° or 6^ west of Greenwich.]
rkat'^
Bast elonga-
Upper culmi-
West elonga-
Lower culmi-
l^lilC
tion
nation
tion
nation
1902
h a
h B
b m
h a
January i
January 15
045.8
6 40.6
5 45.3
12 35.3
II 40.0
18 38. 7
17 43.4
23 46.6
February i
22 39.5
438.2
10 32.9
16 36.3
February 15
21 44.2
3 42.9
937.7
15 41.0
March i
20 49.0
2 47.7
8 42.4
14 45.8
March 15
19 54.0
I 52.7
7 47.3
13 50. 7
April I
April 15
18 47.0
17 52.0
45.6
6 40.3
5 45.3
12 43.7
II 48.6
23 46. 7
May I
16 49. I
22 43.8
4 42.5
10 45. 7
May 15
15 54. 2
21 48.9
3 47.6
50.8
June I
14 47.5
20 42.3
2 40.9
8 44.2
June 15
13 52.6
19 47. 4
I 46.0
7 49.3
July I
July 15
12 50.0
II 55.1
18 44.8
17 49-9
043.4
6 46.7
5 51-8
23 44.6
August I
10 48.6
16 43- 4
22 38.0
4 45.3
August 15
9 53.7
15 48.5
21 43. I
3 50.4
September i
8 47.1
14 41.9
20 36. 5
2 43.8
September 15
7 52 2
13 47.0
19 41.6
I 48.9
October i
October 15
6 49-3
5 54.3
12 44.1
II 49.1
18 38. 7
17 43. 7
46.0
23 47. 2
November i
4 47.5
10 42. 3
16 36.9
22 40.4
November 15
3 52.3
9 47.1
15 41.8
21 45.2
December i
2 49.3
8 44.1
14 38.8
20 42. 2
December 15
I 54.0
7 48.8
13 43.6
19 46. 9
A. To refer the above tabular quantities to years subsequent to igo2.
up to March i
on and after March i
For
year 1903 add
I.
4
(add
2.
8
^ subtract i.
I
1905 add
0.
2
1906 "
I.
5
1907 *'
2.
9
1908 "
.4.
0.
2
3
1909 »*
I.
7
1910 **
3.
up to March i
on and after March i
TRUE MERIDIAN AND MAGNETIC DECLINATION. 8l
B. To refer to any calendar day other than the first and fifteenth of each months
SUBTRACT the qtutntities below from the tabular quantity for the PRECEDING DATE.
Day of month
Minutes
No. of days elapsed
2 or i6
3.9
I
3
17
7.9
2
4
i8
II.8
3
5
19
15.8
4
6
20
19.7
5
7
21
23.6
6
8
22
27.6
7
9
23
31- 5
8
lO
24
35.5
9
II
25
39.4
10
12
26
43-3
II
13
27
47.3
12
14
28
51-2
13
29
55.2
14
30
59.1
15
31
63.0
16
C. To refer the table to Standard time and to the civil or common method of reckoning:
(") Add to the tabular quantities four minutes for every degree of longitude the
place is west of the Standard meridian and subtract when the place is east of
the Standard meridian.
(*) The astronomical day begins twelve hours after the civil day, i. e. , begins at
noon on the civil day of the same date, and is reckoned from o to 24 hours. Conse-
quently an astronomical time less than twelve hours refers to the same civil day,
whereas an astronomical time greater than twelve hours refers to the morning of the
next civil day.
It will be noticed that for the tabular year two eastern elongations occur on
January 12 and two western elongations on July 12. There are also two upper culmi-
nations on April 12 and two lower culminations on October 12. The lower culmination
either follows or precedes the upper culmination by 11** 58".!.
D. To refer to any other than the tabular latitude between the limits of ^5° and 50°
North: Add to the time of west elongation o'^.is for every degree south of 40° and
subtract from the time of west elongation o™.i8 for every degree north of 40°.
Reverse these operations for correcting times of east elongation.
E. To refer to any other than the tabular longitude: Add o". 16 for each 15° east of
the ninetieth meridian and subtract o™. 16 for each 15*^ west of the ninetieth meridian.
27478 — 02 6
82
34AGXEnC DECLINATIOK TABLES FOR 1902.
Table VIII. — Azimuth cf Polaris when at ehngation for any year between 1^2 andipio.
Latitude.
i9r>2.o
/
25^
26
I 2rj.5
21. I
28
21.9
22.6
29
23.4
y
24.2
3'
32
25.1
26.0
33
34
27.0
28.
35
36
29.0
37
3^
31.3
32.6
39
33.9
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
5^*
35.2
3<^.7
3«.2
39.8
41.4
43.2
45. f^
46.9
49- o
51.2
1903.0 1904.0 19P5.0 1906.0 X907.0 190S.0 19^ <^ 1910.0
20. 1
2rj.8
21.5
22.2
23.0
23 9
24.7
25.6
26.6
27.6
28.7
29,8
32-2
33-5
34.8
36.2
37.7
39.3
41.0
42.7
44.6
46.5
48.6
^>'7
f
19. S
21.2
21.9
22.7
23-5
24.4
25.3
26.2
27.2
28.3
29.4
3^-5
31-8
33.1
34.4
35.8
37.3
38.9
40.5
42.3
44.2
46.0
48.1
5t>.2
19.4
20. 1
20.8
21.6
22.4
23.1
24.0
24.9
25.9
26.9
27.9
29.0
30.1
31.4
32.7
34.0
35.4
36.9
38.5
40. 1
41.8
43.7
45.6
47.7
49.8
19. 1
19.8
20.5
21.3
22. 1
22.8
23.6
24.5
25-5
26.5
27.5
28.6
29.7
31.0
32.3
33.6
35- o
36.5
38.1
39.7
41.4
43-2
45-1
47.2
49.3
18.7
19.4
20. I
20.9
21.7
22.4
23.2
24.1
25.1
26.1
27.1
28.2
29.3
30.6
31.8
33.2
34.6
36.0
37.6
39-2
40.9
42.7
44^6
46.7
48.8
18.4
19. 1
19.8
20.5
21.3
22. 1
22.9
23.8
24.7
25-7
26.8
27.9
29.0
30.2
31.4
32.8
34.2
35.6
37-2
38.8
40.5
42.3
44.2
46.3
48.4
iS.
18.
19-
20.
20.
4
I
I 53-5 I 53." I 52.5 I 52.0 I 51.5 I I 51.0 I 50.6
I
21.7
22.5
23.4
24.3
25- 3
26.4
27.5
28.6
29.8
31.0
32.4
33-8 .
35.2 I
36-8 ,
38.4 j
40. 1 I
41.9
43.7 ;
45.8
47.9
1 50- 1
1 17.7
18.4
19. 1
19.8
20.5
21.3
22.2
23- 1
24.0
25.0
26.0
27. 1
28.2
29.4
30.6
32.0
33-4
34.8
36.3
37.9
39-6
41.4
43-3
45-3
47.4
I 49.6
The above table was computed with mean declination of Polaris for each year. A
more accurate result will be had by applying to the tabular values the following cor-
rection, which depends on the difference of the mean and the apparent place of the
star. The deduced azimuth will in general be correct within o'.3.
For Middle of
Correction
/
For Middle of
Correction
/
January,
—0.4
Jiiiy.
4-0.3
February,
-0.3
August,
-ro. I
March,
—0. 2
September,
—0. I
April,
0.
October,
0.3
May,
-t-O. 2
November,
-0.6
June,
0.3
December,
—0.8
II. — TO DETERMINE THE TRUE MERIDIAN BY OBSERVATION ON POLARIS AT ELON-
GATION WITH A PLUMB LINE AND PEEP SIGHT.
I . Attach the plumb line to a support situated as far above the ground as practi-
cable, such as the limb of a tree, a piece of board nailed or otherwise fastened to a
telegraph pole, a house, bam, or other building affording a clear view in a north and
south direction.
TRI/E MERIDIAN AND MAGNETIC DECLINATION. 83
The plumb bob may consist of any weighty material, such as a brick, a piece of
iron or stone, weighing 4 to 5 pounds, which will hold the plumb line straight and
vertical fully as well as one of turned and finished metal.
Strongly illuminate the plumb line jiist below its support by a lamp or candle, care
being taken to obscure the source of light from the \'iew of the obser\'er by an opaque
screen.
For a peep sight, cut a slot about one-sixteenth of an inch wide in a thin piece of
board, or nail two strips of tin, with straight edges, to a square block of wood, so
arranged that they will stand vertical when the block is placed flat on its base upon a
smooth horizontal rest, which will be placed at a convenient height south of the plumb
line and firmly secured in an east and west direction, in such a position that when
viewed through the peep sight Polaris will appear about a foot below the support of
the plumb line.
The position may be determined by trial the night preceding that set for the
observation.
About thirty minutes before the time of elongation, as given in the tables of elon-
gation, bring the peep sight into the same line of sight with the plumb line and Polaris.
To reach elongation the star will move off the plumb line to the east for eastern
elongation, or to the west for western elongation; therefore by moving the peep sight
in the proper direction, east or west, as the case may be, keep the star on the plumb
line until it appears to remain stationary, thus indicating that it has reached its point
of elongation.
The peep sight will now be soured in place by a clamp or weight, and all further
operations will be deferred until the next morning.
4. By daylight place a slender rod at a distance of 200 or 300 feet from the peep
sight and exactly in range with it and the plumb line; carefully measure this distance.
Take from the Table VIII the azimuth of Polaris corresponding to the latitude of
the station and year of observation; find the natural tangent of said azimuth and
multiply it by the distance from the peep sight to the rod; the product will express the
distance to be laid off from the rod exactly at right angles to the direction already
determined (to the west for eastern elongation or to the east for western elongation) to
a point which with the peep sight will define the direction of the true meridian with a
fair degree of accuracy.
III. — TO DETERMINE THE TRUE MERIDIAN BY OBSERVING THE TRANSITS OF POI.ARIS
AND ANOTHER STAR ACROSS THE SAME VERTICAL PLANE.
This simple method for tracing out on the ground a true north and south line, one
demanding only a very slender instrumental outfit, was given in Lalande's Astronomy,
published more than a century ago. It was used by Andrew Ellicott in 1785 in his
boundar>^ survey work of Pennsylvania, and was again brought to notice in the present
century by Dr. Charles Davies. It consists in watching for the time when Polaris and
a given bright star come to the same vertical, and then after a short lapse of time, given
in a table, Polaris will be found exactly on the meridian, and hence can be referred to
the horizon and to any meridian mark placed there.
84
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Great
,^^i-
^ii
Bear
H
\a.
J*olaris
MPoU
€\
«'-
^
CouB^t }petCL
FlO. 27.— The diagram held pcrpendic.
ular to the line of sight directed to the
pole, with the right-hand side of the page
uppermost, will represent the configura-
tion of the constellations with Polaris
near eastern elongation at midnight about
July II. Inverted, it will show Zeta H) of
the Great Bear and Polaris on the meridian
(the former below and the latter above the
pole) at midnight about October 10; and
held with left-hand side uppermost, the
diagram will indicate the relative sit-
uations for midnight about January 8,
with Polaris near tuestern elongation. The
arrows indicate the direction of apparent
motion.
The verticality may be ascertained by a plumb line
or by the vertical thread of a transit instrument; the
method demands neither a graduated circle, nor a
chronometer, nor any exact knowledge of the local
time, an ordinary watch being sufficient to measure
the short tabular interval.
Early in the present centur>' the star Alioth {e Ursae
Majoris) was favorably situated for the use of the
method; however, in 1850 the interval between times
of verticality and of culmination already amounted to
17 minutes, and at the present time has become so large
that this star is no longer suitable. Zeta (C) Ursae
Majoris or Delta (tf ) Cassiopeiae should now be substi-
tuted for it, both these stars being now in very
favorable positions. Zeta (C) Ursae Majoris, or Mizar,
as it was called by the ancient Arabians, is the middle
one of the three stars in the tail of the Great Bear; the
small star near it is Alcor. Delta {d) Cassiopeiae is at
the bottom of the less perfectly formed V of the letter
W, as frequently imagined to unite roughly the five
brightest stars of this constellation.
The diagram (Fig. 27), drawn to scale, exhibits
the principal stars of the constellations Cassiopeia and
Great Bear, with Delta {6) Cassiopeia, Zeta (C) of
the Great Bear, and Polaris on the meridian, represented
by the straight line, Polaris being at Imver culmina-
tion.
In employing this method the following instructions
may be followed:
1. Select that one of the two stars which at the
time of the year when the observation is made passes
the meridian below Polaris. When the star passes the
meridian above the pole it is too near the zenith to be
of service. Delta {S) Cassiopeiae is on the meridian
below Polaris and the pole at midnight about April 10,
and is, therefore, the proper star to use at that date and
for some two or three months before and after. Six
months later the star Zeta (C) Ursae Majoris will supply
its place.
2. Using the apparatus just described under II, place
the * ' peep sight ' ' in the line with the plumb line and
Polaris, and move it to the west as Polaris moves east,
until Polaris and S Cassiopeia, for example, appear upon
the plumb line togethef , and carefully note the time by
a clock or watch; then by moving the peep sight,
preserve the alignment with Polaris and Xh^ plumb line
TRUE MERIDIAN AND MAGNETIC DECLINATION. 85
I
(paying no further attention to the other star) ; at the expiration of the small interval
of time given below the peep sight and plumb line will define the true meridian, which
may be permanently marked for future use.
Annual
increase.
For Zeta (C) Ursae Majoris in 1900 -f-2.6 minutes 0.35 minute.
For Delta (5) Cassiopeise in 1900 -^3.4 ** 0.33 "
The method given in this article for finding the true meridian can not be used with
advantage at places below about 38° north latitude, on account of the haziness of the
atmosphere near the horizon.
The foregoing methods for the determination of the true meridian are excellent
and when available they answer the requirements of the surveyor and give results
with all desirable precision. They do not require an accurate knowledge of the time,
which is their principal advantage. The relative motion of the stars employed in the
third method and the change in direction of motion of Polaris at elongation indicate
with sufficient exactness the moment when the observation should be made. Stormy
weather, a hazy atmosphere, or the presence of clouds may interfere or entirely prevent
observation when the star is either at elongation or on the meridian, and both events
sometimes occur in broad daylight or at an inconvenient hour of the night. Under
such circumstances a simple method applicable at any time (Polaris being visible) is
desirable and can often be used by the surveyor when other methods fail.
IV. — ^TO DETERMINE THE TRUE MERIDIAN BY MEANS OF AN OBSERVATION OF POLARIS
AT ANY HOUR WHEN THE STAR IS VISIBLE, THE CORRECT LOCAL MEAN TIME
BEING KNOWN. «
This method requires a knowledge of the local mean time within one or tw^o
minutes, as in the extreme case when Polaris is at culmination, its azimuth changes
i' (arc) in 2>^ minutes (time). The Standard time can usually be obtained at a
telegraph office from the signals which are sent out from observatories. From this
the local mean time may be derived by subtracting four minutes of time for every
degree of longitude west of the Standard meridian or adding four minutes for every
degree east of the Standard meridian. The local mean time may be obtained also by
observations of the sun, one method being explained later.
The following table, IX, is intended to be used in connection with the American
Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac. The surveyor should read carefully the chapter in
that publication in which the formation and use of the Ephemeris are explained,
especially the portion defining the different kinds of time.
«(/. Appendix No. 10, Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1895.
86 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
The following example explains the use of the table and the derivation of the hour
angle of Polaris:
Position, latitude 36° 20^ N., longitude 80° orj^ 5 or 5** 20" 30* W. of Greenwich.
Time of observation, July 10, 1902, standard (75th mer.) mean time
Reduction to local time
Local mean time
Reduction to sidereal time (Table III, Amer. Ephem. )
Sidereal time mean noon, Greenwich, July 10, 1902
Correction for longitude 5** 20™ 30" (Table III, Amer. Ephem.)
Local sidereal time
Apparent right ascension of Polaris, July 10, 1902
Hour angle before upper culmination
Declination for which Table IX applies
Apparent declination, July 10, 1902
Increase in declination
Azimuth from Table IX (interpolated).
Correction for ot, 9 increase in declination
Computed azimuth o 51 28 East of north.
It is to be remembered that Polaris is east of the meridian for twelve hours before,
and west of the meridian for twelve hours after, upper culmination.
h.
m.
9.
8
52
40 p. m.
—
20
30
8
32
10
+
01
24
7
09
54
+
00
53
15
44
21
I
24
02
/
9
39
41
88 46
88 46.9
+ 0.9
/ //
52 06
-38
TRUE MERIDIAN AND MAGNETIC DECLINATION. 87
Without the American Ephemeris the table may be conveniently used for obtaining
the true meridian, in connection with Table VII giving the approximate mean times of
culminations of Polaris, and the additional knowledge of the fact that the mean decli-
nation of Polaris was 88° 46'. 5 in 1900 and is increasing at the rate of about o'. 3 per
year. Without the use of the Ephemeris the computation would be as follows:
Time of observation, July 10, 1902 standard (75th mer.) mean time
Reduction to local mean time
Ivocal mean time v
Local mean time of upper culmination of Polaris (Table VII)
Mean time of observation before upper culmination
Reduction to sidereal time
Hour angle before upper culmination
Declination for which Table IX applies
Mean declination 1902
Increase in declination
Azimuth from Table IX
Correction for i\ 1 increase in declination
Computed -azimuth o 51 33 East of north.
Tables are generally given in books on surveying for reducing mean solar to sidereal
time, but for this computation it is near enough to consider the correction lo* an hour,
as the stars gain very nearly four minutes on the Sun each day.
h.
m.
s.
8
52
40 p. m.
—
20
30
8
32
10
18
09
42
9
37
32
+
01
35
/
9
39
07
88 46
88 47.1
1. 1
/ tf
t
52 19
-46
88
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table IX. — AzUmdh of Polaris at ajiy hour ayigle.
Correc-
tion for i'
Hour angle
before or
after upper
culmina-
Azimuth of Polaris computed for declination 88° 46'
increase
in decli-
nation of
Polaris
tion
Lati-
tude 30°
I^ti-
tud*3iO
Lati-
tude 32°
Lati-
tude 33°
Lati-
tude 340
Lati-
tude 35°
Lati- Lati- Lati-
tude36o tude37<^ tude38o
Lati-
tude 39°
Lati-
tude 400
Lati-
tude
30°
Lati-
tude
40°
h m
t ft
> tr
' "
t ft
c t 'f
t "
' /' ' ' "
1 ft
/ /'
t "
,,
ft
15
30
45
1 00
I 15
05 40
1 1 18 *
16 53
22 23
27 48
05 43
II 25
17 04
22 38
28 06
05 47
II 33
17 15
22 53
28 25
05 51
II 41
17 27
23 09
28 45
05 55
11 49
17 40
23 26
29 06
06 00
II 58
17 53
23 44
29 28
06 05 06 10
12 08 12 18
18 07 18 22
24 02 1 24 22
29 51 30 15
1
06 15
12 28
iS 38
24 43
30 41
06 20
12 39
18 54
25 04
31 08
06 26 — 5
12 50 — 9
IQ 11 —14
25 27 -i8
31 36 -23
- 5
— 10
-16
—21
-26
I 30
1 45
2 00
2 15
2 30
33 05
3^ 13
043 12
47 5«
52 32
33 26
38 38
43 40
48 29
53 06
33 49
39 04
44 09
49 02
05342
34 13
39 32
44 40
49 36
54 19
34 38
40 00
45 12
50 12
54 59
35 04
40 30
45 46
50 50
55 40
35 31 36 00
41 02 41 35
46 22 47 00
51 29 , 52 11
56 23 57 09
36 31
42 II
47 39
52 55
57 57
37 02
42 47
48 21
53 41
58 47
37 36 -27
43 26 -31
49 04 -35
54 29 -39
59 40 |-43
-31
-36
-40
-45
-49
2 45
3 00
3 15
3 30
3 45
56 52
1 00 58
I 04 47
I 08 19
I II 33
57 29
1 01 37
I 05 28
I 09 02
I 12 iS
58 07
1 02 iS
I 06 12
I 09 48
I 13 06
5S 48
1 03 Ol
I 0658
I 10 3b
I 13 ^
59 30
1 03 46
I 07 46
I II 27
I 14 49
1 00 15
I 04 34
I 08 36
I 12 20
I 15 45
I 01 02
I 05 24
I 09 29
I 13*16
I iS «
I 01 51
I 06 17
I 10 25
I 14 14
I 17 44
I 02 43
I 07 12
I II 2^
I 15 16
I 18 49
I 01 37
I 08 10
I 12 25
I 16 21
I 19 57
I 04 34
I 09 12
I 13 30
I 17 2Q
I 21 oS
-46
-50
-53
-56
-58
-53
-57
-60
-%
4 00
4 15
4 30
4 45
5 00
I 14 28
I 17 04
I 19 19
I 21 14
I 22 48
I 15 15
I 17 52
I 20 09
I 22 05
1 23 40
I 16 05
I 18 44
I 21 02
I 22 59
I 24 35
I 16 57
I 19 37
I 21 57
I 23 55
I 25 32
I 17 52
I 20 34
I 22 55
I H 55
I 26 32
I 18 50
I 21 34
I 23 57
I 25 57
I 27 36
I 19 50
I 22 36
I 25 01
I 27 03
I 28 42
I 2054
I 23 42
I 26 08
I 28 12
I 29 52
I 22 01
I 24 51
I 27 19
I 29 24
I 31 06
I 23 11
I 26 03
I 38 33
I 30 40
I 32 23
I 24 25
I 27 20
I 29 52
I 32 00
I 33 44
-61
-63
z%
-68
-69
-72
-74
5 J5
5 30
5 45
6 00
6 15
I 24 00
I 24 51
I 25 20
1 25 27
I 25 12
I 24 53
I 25 44
I 26 13
I 26 19
I 26 04
I 25 48
I 26 40
I 27 09
I 27 15
I 26 59
I 26 46
I 2738
I 28 07
I 28 14
I 27 57
I 27 47
I 28 39
I 29 09
I 29 15
I 28 59
I 28 51
I 29 44
I 30 14
I 30 20
I 30 03
I 29 59
I 30 52
I 31 21
I 31 27
I 31 10
I 31 09
I 32 03
I 32 33
I 32 39
I 32 21
I 32 24
I 33 18
I 3348
I 33 36
I 33 42
I 34 37
I 35 07
I 35 13
I 34 54
I 35 04 '-69
I 35 59 i-69
I 36 30 , -70
I 36 35 1-70
I 36 16 -69
1
-77
-78
-78
-78
-78
6 30
6 45
7 00
7 15
7 30
I 24 34
I 23 36
I 22 16
1 20 35
1 18 34
I 25 27
I 24 27
I 23 06
I 21 25
I 19 22
I 26 21
I 25 21
I 23 59
I 22 16
I 20 12
I 27 19
I 26 18
I 24 55
I 23 10
I 21 05
I 28 19
I 27 17
I 25 53
I 24 08
I 22 00
I 29 23
I 28 20
I 26 55
I 25 S
I 22 59
I 30 30
I 29 26
I 27 59
I 26 II
I 24 00
I 31 40
I 30 35
I 29 07
I 27 17
1 25 04
I 32 54
I 31 48
I 30 18
I 28 26
I 26 12
I 34 II
I 33 04
I 31 33
I 29 39
I 27 23
I 35 32
1 34 24
I 32 52
I 30 56
I 28 38
-68
-67
-66
-65
-64
-75
-73
-72
Z^5
8 00
8 30
845
I 16 13
I 13 33
I 10 34
1 07 17
I 03 43
I 16 59
1 14 17
I II 16
I 07 57
I 04 22
I 17 48
I 15 Q4
I 12 01
I 08 40
I 05 02
I 18 39
I 15 53
I 12 48
I 09 25
I 05 44
I 19 33
I 1645
I 13 37
I 10 12
I 06 29
I 30 29
I 17 39
I 14 29
I II 01
I 07 15
I 21 28
I 18 36
I 15 24
I II 53
I 08 04
I 22 30
I 19 36
I 16 21
I 12 48
I 08 56
I 23 36
I 20 39
I 17 22
I 13 45
I 09 50
I 24 45
I 21 45
I 18 25
I 14 45
1. 10 47
I 25 57
I 22 54
I 19 31
I 1548
I II 47
-62
-60
-57
-54
-51
-64
-61
-58
9 00
9 15
9 30
9 45
10 00
59 54
55 49
51 31
46 59
42 16
I 00 30
56 23
52 01
47 27
42 42
I 01 07
56 58
52 34
47 57
43 08
I 01 47
057 34
53 08
48 28
43 36
I 02 29
058 13
53 43
49 00
44 05
I 03 12
058 54
54 21
49 34
44 35
I 0358
59 37
55 00
50 10
45 08
I 04 47
I 00 22
55 42
50 48
45 42
I 05 38
I 01 09
56 25
51 27
46 17
I 06 31
I 01 59
057 II
52 09
46 54
I 07 27
I 02 51
057 59
052 53
047 34
-48 ' -54
-45 i -50
—42 ' —46
-38 -42
-34 -38
10 15
10 30
10 45
11 00
" 15
37 23
32 20
2709
21 51
16 28
37 45
32 39
27 25
22 04
16 38
38 08
0^2 59
27 42
22 18
16 48
38 33
33 20
28 00
22 32
16 59
38 59
° 33 43
28 18
22 47
17 10
39 26
34 06
28 38
23 03
17 22
39 54.
34 30
28 59
23 19
17 35
40 24
34 57
29 ao
23 37
17 48
4055
35 24
29 43
23 55
18 02
41 28
35 52
30 07
24 lA
18 16
42 03
36 22
30 32
24 35
18 31
-30
-26
—22
-18
-13
-34
-29
-24
—20
-15
II 30
11 45
II 01
005 31
II oS
05 34
II 14
^ 05 38
II 22
05 42
II 29
05 45
II 37
05 49
II 46
OS 53
II 54
005 58
12 04
06 02
12 13
06 07
12 23 - 9
06 12 — 4
— 10
- 5
Blon^tion:
Azimuth
I 25 27
I 2t 20
1
1
I 27 16
I 2S 14
I 29 16
•
I 30 20
I 31 28
I 32 40
I 33 55
I 35 14
1
I 36 36 -69
-78
Hour angle
h ri s
5 57 09
1
h m s
' 5 57 02
h m s
5 56 55
h m s
55648
h m s
5 56 40
h m s
5 56 33
h m s
5 56 25
h m s
5 56 17
h m s
5 56 09
h m s
5 56 00
h m s s
5 55 52 +2
s
+ 3
TRUE MERIDIAN AND MAGNETIC DECLINATION
89
Table IX. — Azimuth 0/ Polaris at auy hour a;2^/^- —Concluded.
1
Correc-
tion for i'
Hour angle
before or
after upper
culmina-
Azimuth of Polaris computed for declination 88°
46'
increase
in decli-
nation of
Polaris
tion
Lati-
ttide ifp
Lati-
tudc 41°
lati-
tude 42°
Lati-
tuce 43°
1
Lati-
tude 443
Lati-
tude 45°
Lati-
tude 460
Lati-
tude 470
Lati-
tude 48<='
Lati-
tude 49"
lati-
tude 500
r.ati-
tude
40°
n
lati-
tude
50°
h m
» //
1 n
' /.•
t n \
1 n
' t'
f ff
/ //
' ff
/ w
Off
fr
15
30
45
1 00
I 15
06 36
12 50
19 II
25 27
31 36
06 32
13 03
19 30
25 51
32 05
06 59
13 15 .
19 4S
26 16
32 36
06 45
13 29
20 08
26 43
33 09
06 52
13 43
20 29
27 10
33 44
07 00
13 58
20 52
27 40
34 21
07 oS
14 13
21 15
28 II
34 59
07 16
14 30
21 40
28 44
35 40
07 25
14 48
22 06
29 18
36 23
07 34
15 06
22 33
29 5=)
37 o>>
07 44 - 5
15 25 ,-io
23 02 I-16
30 33 '-21
37 5^ I--26
-- 6
-13
-19
-25
- 32
I 30
1 45
a 00
2 15
2 30
37 36
43 26
49 04
54 29
059 40
3S 11
44 07
49 50
55 20
1 00 35
38 48
44 50
50 39
56 14
1 01 34
39 27
45 35
51 29 '
57 10 ,
1 02 36 1
40 09 ,
46 32
52 23
58 10
I 03 41
40 52
47 12
53 19
59 12
1 04 49
41 38
48 05
54 19
1 00 18
I 06 01
42 26
49 01
55 22
1 01 28
I 07 17
43 17
49 59
56 28
1 02 41
I oS 38
44 II
SI 02
57 38
1 03 59
I 10 03
4S 08 -31 -38
52 07 -36 -43
5^* 52 -40 -49
1 05 21 -45 -54
I II 32 1-49 -59
1
2 45
3 oo
3 »5
3 30
3 45
I 04 34
I 09 12
I 13 3'J
I 17 29
I 21 oS
1
I 05 34
I 10 16
I 14 3^
I 18 41
I 22 23
I 06 38
I 11 24
I 15 50
I 19 57
I 23 42
I 07 4.1
I 12 35
I 17 06
I 31 16
I 25 04
I 08 54
I 13 50
I 18 25
I 22 39
I 26 32 j
I 10 08
1 15 09
I 19 49
I 24 08
I 28 04
I II 26
I 16 32
I 21 17
I 25 40
I 2941
I 12 48
I 18 00
I 22 50
1 27 18
2 31 23
I 14 15
I 19 33
I 24 39
I 29 02
I 33 II
I 15 47
I 21 II
I 26 13
I 30 51
I 35 05
I 17 24 -53
I 22 54 -57
I 28 02 —60
I 32 46 -63
I 37 06 -66
-64
-68
--72
--t
4 00
4 15
4 30
4 45
5 00
' 1 24 2S
I 27 20
I 29 52
' I 32 00
1 I 33 44
I 25 43
I 28 40
I 31 14
I 33 24
I 35 10
I 27 05
I 30 04
I 32 41
I 34 53
I 36 40
I 28 31
I 31 33
I 34 12
I 36 25
I 38 14
I 30 01
I 33 07
I 35 4"^
1 2^ 04
I 39 54
I 31 37
I 34 45
I 37 29
I 39 47
I 41 3»
I 33 17
I 36 29
I 39 15
I 41 35
1 I 43 29
I 35 03
I 38 18
I 41 08
I 43 30
1 45 25
I 36 55
I 40 U
I 43 06
I 45 31
I 47 28
I 38 54
I 42 16
I 45 II
I 47 39
I 49 38
I 40 59 -69
I 44 25 -72
1 47 24 -74
I 49 54 -75 '
I 51 55 -7^
- 88
-90
-91
5 15
5 30
5 45
6 00
615
I 35 04
I 35 59
I 36 30
I 36 3S
I 36 li
I 36 30
I 37 26
» 37 57
I 38 02
I 37 43
I 38 02
I 3858
I 39 29
I 39 34
I 39 14
I 39 37
I 40 34
I 41 05
I 41 10
I 40 49
I 41 iH
I 42 16
I 42 47
I 42 51
I 42 30
I 43 04
I 44 02
I 44 34
1 44 38
I 44 16
I 44 55
I 46 26
I 46 31
I 46 08
I 46 53
I 47 53
I 48 35
I 48 29
I 48 05
I 48 57
1 49 58
I 50 30
1 50 34
I 50 10
I 51 08
I 53 10
I 52 43
I 52 46
I 52 21
I 53 27
I 54 30
I 55 03
I 55 06
1 54 40
-78
-78
-78
-92
-93
-94
—93
-93
6 30
6 45
7 00
7 15
7 30
' I 35 32
I 34 24
I 32 52
I 30 5^
I 28 38
I 36 5«
I 35 4-^^
1 34 >5
I 32 17
I 29 56
I 38 28
I 37 17
I 35 42
I 33 42
I 31 19
I 40 03
I 3>^ 50
I 37 13
I 35 M
I 32 46
I 41 42
I 40 2h
I 3X 49
I 36 45
I 34 17
I 43 27
I 42 12
I 40 31
I 38 24
I 35 53
I 45 18
I 44 01
I 42 18
I 40 09
I 37 35
I 47 14
I 45 56
I 44 10
I 41 59
I 39 21
I 49 17
I 47 56
I 46 09
I 43 5^
I 41 14
I 51 27
I 50 04
I 48 14
I 45 57
I 43 13
I 53 44
I 52 20
I 50 37
I 48 06
I 45 19
-75
73
-72
-92
-91
=^
-8c
7 45
8 00
"^ 15
<; 30
S45
I 25 57
I 22 54
I 19 31
1 15 4^
I 11 47
I 27 13
I 24 07
I 20 41
1 16 5S
I 12 49
1 2833
I 25 24
I 21 55
I iS 05
I 13 55
I 29 56
1 26 45
I 23 12
I 19 18
I 15 05
I 31 2«;
I 28 10
1 24 33
I 20 3S
I 16 18
I 32 58
1 29 40
1 25 59
1 21 57
I 17 35
I 34 36
I 31 14
I 27 29
1 23 23
I i^ 56
I 36 19
I 32 53
I 39 04
1 24 53
I 30 21
I ^8 oS
I 34 38
1 30 44
I 26 28
I 21 51
I 40 03
I 3629
I 32 30
I 28 09
I 23 26
1 42 05
I 38 26
1 34 23
I 29 55
1 35 07
-69
-66
-64
-61
-58
-82
-79
-76
-72
-68
9 00
9 15
9 50
9 45
10 00
. I 07 27
I 02 51
57 59
52 53
047 34
I 08 26
I o^ 45
58 49
53 39
48 15
I 09 28
I 04 43
59 42
54 27
04S58
I 10 33
I 05 43
I 00 3h
55 1^
49 44
I II 41
I 06 47
I 01 37
56 II
50 32
I 12 54
I 07 54
I 02 3S
57 07
51 22
1
I 14 10
1 09 05
, I oi 44
58 07
52 16
I 15 30
I 10 19
, I 04 52
059 09
1 53 12
I 16 54
1 11 3"^
1 06 04
I 00 15
54 II
I 18 23
I 13 01
I 07 21
I 01 24
055 13
I 19 57
I 14 28
I 08 41
I 03 38
56 19
-54
-50
-46
-42
-38
-64
-59
-55
-50
-45
10 15
10 30
10 45
11 00
II 15
42 03
36 22
30 32
24 35
18 31
42 39
36 53
30 5*^
24 56
18 47
43 18 43 58
37 26 38 01
31 26 31 55
25 18 25 42
19 04 19 22
44 40
3S 3«
32 26
26 06
19 40
45 25
39 16
32 5**
26 32
20 00
46 12
39 57
33 32
27 00
ao ao
47 01
40 40
34 08
1 27 28
30 42
47 53
41 25
34 46
27 59
21 05
48 49
42 12
35 25
28 31
21 29
49 47 -34
43 03 -39
36 08 —24
29 05 —20
21 55 -15
-40
-34
-29
-i^
II 30
" 45
12 23
06 12
12 34
06 18
12 45 12 57
06 23 06 29
13 09
06 36
13 23
06 42
13 36
06 49
13 51
06 56
14 06
07 04
14 32
, 07 13
14 39 —10
07 21 - 5
— 12
- 6
Blon^ation:
Azimuth
I 36 36
1 S'"' 03
1 :o 35 ; I 41 n
I 42 :.3
I 44 40
I 46 32
1 I 48 31
I 50 35
I 52 48
I 5508
1
-78
-93
h m s
h 1:1 s
h 111 s h m r
h m s
h m s
h m s
h fii s
h m 8
h ni H
h ra s
1
s s
Hour angle
5 55 5-
5 55 43
5 55 34 5 55 24
5 53 1 4
5 55 04
5 54 53
1
5 54 42
5 54 31
5 54 20
5 54 07 -H 3 +5
90
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Determination of the True Meridian and L,ocal Mean Time by Means of
Observations on the Sun.
The following method is the one usually employed to determine the true meridian
in connection with the magnetic obser\^ations of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. It
involves more computing than those already described, but is more convenient in that
it is available for use during daylight when the magnetic observations are in progress.
In connection with the time signals sent out by telegraph from observatories it
furnishes the means also of determining approximately the longitude of the place of
observation. It requires a theodolite with graduated vertical circle and a prismatic
eyepiece for observing the Sun, and a well-regulated timepiece. The observations at
a place usually coi^ist of four independent sets of observations, two in the morning
and two in the afternoon, each set consisting of four pointings on the Sun and two
pointings on a reference mark symmetrically arranged as in the following example.
For each pointing on the Sun the time is noted, and both horizontal and vertical circles
are read. Observations are made from two to four hours from noon, and at nearly the
same altitudes morning and afternoon. The reference mark should be a well-defined
object nearly in the horizon and at least 100 yards distant.
The instrument (see Figure 28) used in the following observations has a glass
diaphragm on which is ruled one horizontal and one vertical line. The symbols in the
first column indicate the limbs of the Sun which were brought tangent to the lines of
the diaphragm at the recorded time. The vertical circle is so graduated that it gives
altitudes in one position and zenith distances in the other. The readings in the latter
case have been subtracted from 90° when filling in the last column. The verniers allow
readings on the horizontal and on the vertical circle to be made to minutes, half minutes
being estimated.
A. M, observations of Sun for azimuth and time.
Station, Paducah, Ky.
Theodolite of Mag'r No. 19.
Chronometer, Bond No. L75.
Date, Tuesday, July 2, 1901.
Observer, W. W.
Temperature, 32°. 2.
Sun's
V. c.
Chronometer
time
Horizontal circle
Vertical circle
limb
A
B
Mean
A ] B
Mean
/
t
'
1
r
Mark
h m s
352 39- 5
172 37.0
37.5
36.0
352 38. 5
36.5
t
/
/
£1
h
L
R
R
9 35 15
36 10
37 40
3847
291 41.0
291 49.5
112 47.0
112 57.0
39.5
48.5
44.0
56.0
III 40. 2
111 49.0
112 45.5
112 56.5
44 17-
44 29.0
44 48.0
44 35.0
18.0
29.0
49.5
36.5
44 17.50
44 29.00
45 11.25
45 24. 25
Means
9 36 58.0
112 17.8
1
Refr. and Par.
44 50. 50
—0.78
•J
d
R
R
L
L
ms
9 39 46
40 49
42 20
43 24
113 07.0
113 16.0
292 50.0
292 60.0
05.5
18.0
48.0
58.5
113 06. 2
113 17.0
112 49.0
112 59.2
44 23.0
44 10.5
45 41. 5
45 54.0
25.0
12.0
42.0
55.0
45 36.00
45 48. 75
45 41.75
45 54.50
Mes
9 41 34. 8
113 02.8
Refr. and Par.
45 45. 25
- .76
R
•
Mark
172 38.0
352 40.0
37.5
38.0
352 37. 8
39.0
352 37. 9
TRUE MERIDIAN AND MAGNETIC DECLINATION.
91
/*. M, observations of Sun for azimuth and time.
Station, Paducah, Ky.
Theodolite of Mag'r No. 19.
Chronometer, Bond No. 175.
Date, Tuesday, July 2, 1901.
Observer, W. W.
Temperature, 36. °8.
San'8
1
v.c.
Chronometer
time
Horizontal circle
Vertical circle
limb
A
B
Mean
A
B
t
14.0
03.0
47.0
04.5
Par.
56.0
10.0
08.0
53.5
I Par.
Mean
1
R
L
Iv
I.
R
R
ins
R
R
L
L
ins
L
R
Mark
h m s
4 21 28
22 26
23 45
25 04
t
112 20.5
2C2 20. 5
226 01.
226 10.0
45 32.0
45 45.0
47 17.0
47 25.0
228 28.0
228 38.0
292 21.0
112 21.0
19.0
19.0
01.
II.
35.0
48.0
14.5
27.0
26.0
37.5
19.5
19.5
'
112 19. 8
19.8
•
46 01.
46 10.5
45 33- 5
45 46.5
/
44 13.5
44 02.0
45 49-
46 03.
Refr. an^
47 53-
48 07. 5
41 07.0
40 53-
Refr. anc
1
'
44 13- 75
44 02. 50
44 12.00
43 56. 25
Mes
Q
4 23 10.8
4 34 24
35 36
37 12
38 19
45 52. 9
47 15.8
47 26.0
48 27.0
48 37. 8
44 06. 12
■79
42 05. 50
41 51.25
41 07. 50
40 53- 25
Met
4 36 22. 8
Mark
47 56. 6
112 20. 2
20. 2
41 29.38
-.89
112 20.0
For cx)mputing these observ^ations one requires a five-place table of logarithms of
trigonometric functions and .the American Ephemeris, or U. S. Hydrographic Office
Publication No. 118, which gives the Sun's apparent declination and the equation of
time. For correcting the observed altitude of the Sun for parallax and refraction, the
following convenient table has been prepared, giving the combined correction for differ-
ent altitudes and temperatures, to be subtracted from the observed altitude:
Tabi,e X. — Correction to observed altitude of the Sun for refraction and parallax.
Temperature
App't
Alt
App't
AU.
10° C.
-5**C.
o°C.
/
+5°C.
+io« C.
+15° c.
-h20°C.
-25° C.
+30° c.
+35° C.
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
10
5.52
5.42
5.30
5.20
5. 10
5.00
4.92
4.83
4.75
4.67
10
II
5.02
4.92
4.82
4.73
4.63
4.55
4.47
4.38
4.32
4.23
11
12
4.60
4.50
4.42
4.33
4.25
4.17
4. 10
4.03
3.97
3.88
12
13
4.23
4.15
4.07
4.00
3.92
3.85
3.78
3.72
3.65
3.58
13
14
3- 92
3.83
3.77
3- 70
3.62
3.55
3-50
3.45
3.37
3.32
14
15
3-65
3.58
3.50
3.43
3.37
3.32
3- 25
3.20
3-13
3.08
15
16
3.43
3.35
3.30
3.23
3.17
3.12
3-07
3.00
2.95
2.90
16
^l
3.22
3.15
3- 10
3.03
2.98
2.92
2.88
2.82
2.77
2.72
17
18
3.02
2.95
2.90
2.85
2.80
2.73
2. 70
2.65
2. 60
2.55
18
19
2.83
2.78
2.73
2.68
2.63
2.58
2.53
2.48
2.43
2.40
19
92
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table X. — Correction to observed altitude of the Sun for refraction and parallax — Concl'd.
Temperature.
App't
Alt.
_ — .
App»t
Alt.
-io°C.
-5°C.
o°C.
+5°C.
-Lio°C.
^15° c.
-f20°C.
-h25*>C.
^30° c.
+35^ C.
/
f
f
/
f
/
/
/
/
20
2.68
2.63
2.58
2.53
2.48
2.43
2.38
2.33
2.30
2. 27
20
21
2.53
2.48
2.43
2.38
2.35
2.30
2. 27
2. 22
.2.17
2.13
21
22
2.38
2.35
2.30
2.25
2. 22
2. 18
2.13
2.08
2.05
2.02
22
23
2.28
2.25
2. 20
2.15
2. 12
2.08
2.03
1.98
1-95
1.93
23
24
2. 17
2.13
2.08
2.05
2.02
1.98
1.93
1.88
1.87
1.83
24
25
2.07
2.03
1.98
1-95
1.92
1.88
1.83
1.80
1.77
1-75
25
26
1.99
1-95
1.90
1.87
1.83
1.80
1-75
I. 72
I. 70
1.67
26
27
1.88
1.85
1.82
1.78
1.75
1.72
1.68
1.63
1.62
1.60
27
28
1.80
1.77
1.72
I. 70
1.67
1.63
1.60
1.57
1-53
1.52
28
29
1.72
1.68
1.65
1.63
1.60
1.57
1.53
1.50
1-47
1.46
29
30
1.65
1.62
1.58
•
1.57
1.53
1.50
1.47
1-45
1.42
1.40
30
32
1.53
1.50
1.47
1-45
1.42
1.38
1.35
1.33
I- 30
1.28
32
34
1. 41
1.37
1-35
1.32
1.30
1.27
1.23
1-23
1.20
1. 18
34
36
1.30
1.27
1.25
1.22
1.20
1. 18
1. 15
1. 13
1. 10
1.08
36
38
1.20
1. 18
1. 15
I. 13
1. 12
1. 10
1.07
1.05
1.02
1.02
38
40
I. II
1. 10
1.07
1.05
1.03
1.02
0.98
0.97
0.95
0.93
40
42
1.03
1. 00
0.9S.
0.97
0.95
0.93
0.90
0.88
0.87
0.87
42
44
0.96
0.93
0.92
0.90
0.88
0.87
0.85
0.83
0.82
0.80
44
46
0.89
0.88
0.87
0.85
0.83
0.82
0.80
0.78
0.77
0-75
46
48
0.83
0.82
0.80
0.78
0.77
0.75
0.73
0.72
0. 70
0.68
48
50
0.77
0.75
0.73
0.72
0. 70
0.68
0.67
0.67
0.65
0.63
50
55
0.63
0.62
0.60
0.60
0.58
0.57
0.57
0.55
0.53
0.52
55
60
0.52
0.52
0.50
0.50
0.48
0.47
0.47
0.45
0.45
0.43
60
65
0.42
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.38
0.38
0.37
0-37
0.35
0.33
65
70
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.27
70
75
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.22
0. 22
0. 22
0. 20
0. 20
0. 20
0.18
75
80
0.15
0.15
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0. 12
0. 12
0. 12
80
85
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.05
0.05
0.05
85
90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0. 00
0.00
0.00
9?
The formulae used in computing the azimuth and local mean time from observations
of the Sun made in the manner just described are the following:
ctn« J^ ^ = -
sin (^s—(p) sin (^s—K)
tan V-i t=
cos s cos {s—p)
=sec s sec (s—p) sin (s—h) sin (s—<p)
sin (s—k) sec (s—p)
ctn yi A
^= azimuth of Sun, east of south in the morning, west of south in the afternoon.
<p= latitude of the place.
A = altitude of the Sun corrected for refraction and parallax in altitude.
/= Polar distance of the Sun, at the time of observation, taken from the American
Ephemeris, or H. O. Publication No. 118.
s^y2 {h+<p+p),
/=The hour angle of the Sun or apparent time of observation expressed in arc.
By combining the azimuth of the Sun with the angle between the Sun and mark,
the azimuth of the mark may be obtained. This is counted from 0° to 360° from south
TRUE MERIDIAN AND MAGNETIC DECLINATION.
93
around by west. When the azimuth of the mark is known the true meridian may be
laid off at any time by turning off the proper angle.
The apparent time of observation must be corrected for equation of time (taken
from the Ephemeris), in order to obtain the local mean time. The following is a
convenient form of computation:
Specimen computation of azimuth and longitude.
Date
Tuesday, July 2, 1901
o /
/
/
1
/
h
44 49-7
45 44.5
44 05.3
41 28.5 '
37 036
37 03-6
37 036
37 03.6
P
2 S
S
66 55.5
66 55-5
66 56.7
66 56.8
145 28. 9
14S 48. 8
149 43-6
148 05. 6
•
74 02 . 8
74 24.4
74 51.8
72 44.4
s-p
7 28.9
7 56.3
7 06. I
5 47.6
s—h
29 34.7
29 07.3
29 57.5
31 15.9
log sec s
37 20. 8
37 48.2
36 59.2
35 40.8
0. 57056
0. 58316
0.56090
0. 52767
'• sec (5—/)
0.00371
0. 00418
0. 00334
0. 00222
" sin(j h)
9- 69339
9. 68723
9.69842
9. 71516
'* sin(j— (p)
** ctn» }i A
*' ctn yi A
9. 78293
9.78743
9 77933
9. 76586
0. 05059
0.06200
0. 04199
0. 01091
0. 02530
0. 03100
0. 02100
0. 00546
/
/
/
/
A from South
86 39.8
85 54.8
87 13.8
89 16.8
Circle read.;
112 17.8
1 13 02. 8
45 52.9
47 56.6
S. Mer. "
198 57.6
19S 57.6
318 39-1
318 39.8
Mark "
352 37.9
352 37.9
112 20.0
112 20.
Az. of Mark
1 153 40.3
153 40.3
1 153 40.9
153 40.2
Mean
: 153 40.4
9. 69141
log sec (5-/) sin (5-^ )
9. 69710
9.70176
9.71738
" tan K ^
9.67180
9. 66041
9. 68076
9. 71 192
/ in arc
50° 19' 00'''
49° 10^ \if^
51° 13' 57'^
540 30^ 32^/
h m s
h m s
h m s
h m s
t
—3 21 16.0
—3 16 40.8
3 24 55- 8
3 38 02. 1
E
3 40.2
3 40. 2
3 43.4
3 43.5
Local M. T.
8 42 24. 2
8 46 59- 4
3 28 39. 2
3 41 45. 6
Chron. time
9 36 58.
9 41 34. 8
4 23 10.8
4 36 22. 8
At on L. M. T.
54 33. 8
- 54 35. 4
54 31-6
- 54 37. 2
At on 75 M. T.
AX
6.8
6.8
6.9
6.9
54 30. 3
54 27.0
54 28. 6
54 24. 7
Mean
54 27. 6
= 13^36^9
A=
88° 36^9
94 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
DETERMINATION OF THE MAGNETIC DECLINATION.
A. — With an Ordinary Compass or Surveyor's Transit.
When the surveyor determines the value of the magnetic declination himself it
would be well for him to make the observations on several days, if possible, and prob-
ably the best time of the day would be toward evening, about 5 or 6 o'clock. At this
time the declination reaches, approximately, its mean value for the day and is almost
stationary. (See Tables III and IV.) Between 10 and n a. m. the declination also
reaches its mean value, but it changes more rapidly than at 5 or 6 o'clock in the evening.
The observations on any one day should extend at least over one-half of an hour,
preferably an hour, and the readings should be taken every ten minutes. Before each
reading of the needle it would be well to tap** the glass lightly with the finger or a
pencil, so as to slightly disturb the needle from the position of rest it may have
assumed. The accurate time should be noted opposite each reading and a note entered
in the record book as to date, the weather, and the kind of time the observer's watch
was keeping. A brief description of station and of method employed in determining the
meridian line and declination should be added to the record.
Of course the instrument should be put in good adjustment and in first-class con-
dition in every respect beforehand, and the readings should be made in such a manner
as to eliminate any outstanding error of eccentricity, whether due to pivot of needle not
being exactly over center of graduated circle, or to the needle being bent or the line of
sight not passing through the zero points of the circle. In addition, it is very desirable
that the surveyor should have some knowledge as to any constant error his instrument
may be subject to, due to whatever cause, e. g., imperfect elimination of errors of
adjustment or to the fact that the metal of the various parts may not be entirely free of
traces of iron, or that the magnetic axis of the needle may not coincide with its geo-
metric axis, etc. He can determine his constant error by making observations at one of
the magnetic survey stations, or, better still, compare his instrument with a standard
magnetometer or transit when opportunity affords. It wotdd not be amiss to determine
the compass correction before and after the determination of the magnetic declination.*
If these precautions are taken it is possible to determine the magnetic declination
with a good transit with all needful accuracy. With special care results that will com-
pare very favorably with those obtained by more elaborate instruments can be reached.
B. — With a Magnetometer.^
Special instruments, termed magnetometers, have been devised for determining
accurately and expeditiously the magnetic declination and the intensity of the mag-
netic force. The essential feature of all is a cylindrical (or octagonal) bar magnet,
« Great care must be taken not to produce static electric charges by rubbing the glass plate in any
manner. Remarkable deflections of the needle can thus be produced.
& Surveyor's compasses have been found to differ at times as much as |^° to 1° from the readings
with the Coast and Geodetic Survey magnetometers.
^ For a further description of methods and instruments, the reader is referred to the special paper
giving directions for measurements in terrestrial magnetism, Appendix 8, Coast and Geodetic Survey
Rep>ort for 1881 ; a new edition is now in preparation. The present purpose is simply to give a specimen
of the general method employed without going into great detail.
SURVEY MAGNETOMETER.
TRUE MERIDIAN AND MAGNETIC DECLINATION. 95
suspended by two or three silk fibers and capable of being inverted in its stirrup,
the magnet taking the place of the magnetic needle in the ordinary surveyor's compass.
The fiber suspension avoids the friction incident to the use of a pivot, and by
making part of the observations with magnet erect and part with magnet inverted it is
possible to eliminate the error arising from lack of coincidence of the magnetic and
geometric axes.
The form of magnetometer which has been in general use by the Coast and Geodetic
Survey is shown in Fig. 28. It is really a combination of magnetometer and theodolite.
The latter, shown at the right of the figure, can be quickly mounted in place of the
magnetometer and is used for determining the true meridian, as explained in the pre-
ceding pages, and the longitude and latitude. The magnetometer is shown in position
for observing declination, except that one side of the magnet box has been removed to
show the manner of suspending the magpniet. The magnet used in this instrument is an
octagonal hollow steel bar about 3 inches long and half an inch in diameter. The
south end is closed by a plane glass on which has been etched a graduated scale divided
into two minute spaces (o. i of a division being estimated), while in the north end is a
collimating lens so arranged that when the small reading telescope is focused on a dis-
tant object the graduated scale will be in focus also. The magnet is supported in a
brass stirrup consisting of three rings joined to a shank about an inch long. In the
upper end of this shank is an eye to which one end of the silk fibers is fastened.
The other end of the fibers is fastened to a suitable arrangement at the top of the glass
suspension tube, by means of which the magnet may be raised to the level of the
obsendng telescope. Light to illuminate the scale of the magnet is admitted through
a hole in the south end of the magnet house, with the aid of an adjustable mirror, if
necessar}'. The north end of the magnet box is connected with the object end of the
reading telescope by means of a hood of dark cloth, so that no glass comes between the
objective and the magnet and air currents are excluded by the hood. The wooden
sides of the magnet box may be removed to permit the necessary manipulation of the
magnet. The long shank of the stirrup obviates the necessity of having a weight on
the south end of the magnet to counterbalance the dip of the north end. When not in
use the magnet is kept in a wooden case with its north end down, so that the effect of
the Earth's magnetism may be rather to increase than decrease the strength of the
magnet and thus assist in overcoming the gradual loss of the magnetic strength with
time; the stirrup is fastened to a hook in the top of the magnet box to prevent the
fibers from becoming twisted or broken.
The determination of the magnetic declination consists of two parts; first, the
determination of the true meridian as described in the preceding pages, and second, the
determination of the magnetic meridian. The method of performing the second opera-
tion with the above-described instrument is as follows: Mount the magnetometer,
which is supposed to have been put in good adjustment, and level carefully by means of
the striding level. Place the magnetometer so that sides of box will be parallel approxi-
mately to the magnetic meridian. Suspend the torsion weight (a sohd brass cyHnder of
the same weight as the magnet) and replace, if need be, the wooden sides of the magnet
box with others of glass. Watch the vdbration of this weight and turn the torsion head
at the top of the suspension tube until the torsion weight hangs parallel to the sides of
the magnet box. The suspension fibers are then free from twist. Remove the torsion
g6 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
weight, open the glass window at the south end of the magnet box, and point upon the
object selected as a reference mark in the observations to determine the true meridian.
Read the two verniers of the horizontal circle and enter readings in the record. Then
close the window again, turn the instrument until the telescope points approximately
south (magnetic), suspend the magnet with its scale erect, raise it to the level of the
reading telescope, and put back the wooden sides of the magnet box. Next turn the
instrument until the division of the scale nearest to the reading of the magnetic axis
coincides approximately with the vertical line in the diaphragm of the reading tele-
scope, clamp the horizontal circle, and read both verniers. Check the \4brations of the
magnet by means of a bit of steel or iron until the magnet swings over 1-2 divisions of
the scale, and take the extreme readings of the scale of the swinging magnet several
times at minute intervals, recording also the time. The magnet is now turned upside
down in the stirrup so that the scale appears inverted. It is here that the great con-
venience of an octagonal magnet becomes apparent, as it is possible at once to place the
magnet in the stirrup in either the erect or inverted position, whereas with a round
magnet in the older forms of instruments several trials are usually necessary." With-
out changing the reading of the horizontal circle take several more readings of the scale
of the magnet at minute intervals. Then return the magnet to the erect position and
make several more scale readings. Read the horizontal circle to see that no change has
taken place, remove the magnet, and conclude the set of observations by pointing on the
reference mark. In general it will be found that the erect and inverted scale readings
differ by several scale divisions owing to the noncoincidence of the magnetic and geo-
metric axes of the magnet. The mean of the two gives the division of the scale corre-
sponding to the magnetic axis, and we can then reduce the reading of the horizontal
circle when pointing on the recorded scale division to what it would have been had we
pointed parallel to the magnetic axis. Increasing scale readings, '* magnet erect,'*
correspond to decreasing circle readings.
The value in arc of one division of the scale is easily found b}' pointing on successive
5 or 10 division marks and noting the corresponding readings of the horizontal circle.
In this particular instrument one division equals 2'.
The following example shows the form of record and computation. The azimuth
of the mark and the reduction to local mean were obtained from the azimuth observa-
tions reproduced on pages 90 to 93. The diurnal variation or correction to reduce to
mean of day was obtained from results of continuous observ^ations at the magnetic
observatory at Baldwin, Kans. In the absence of such results, an approximate correc-
tion would be obtained from a table similar to that given on page 47 (Table III), but
in either case allowing for the fact that the diurnal variation increases as we go toward
the magnetic pole.
« In some instruments of foreign make, recently imported by the Survey, arrangements are made
whereby the round magnet can be inverted readily 180° from the outside without being obliged to
open the magnetometer box and to take hold of the magnet.
TRUE MERIDIAN AND MAGNETIC DECLINATION.
97
Magnetic observatunis.
Station, Paducah, Ky.
Instmment, Mag'r No. 19.
Mark, Church spire.
Magnet, 19 La.
Declination,
Date, Tuesday, July 2, 1901.
Observer, W. W.
Line of detorsion, 310®.
Chron. time
Scale readings
Horizontal circle readings
I
I^t
Right
Mean
1
Mark
Magnet
h m
7 54
55
E
E
d
38.1
37.9
d
38.8
39.1
d
38.45
38.50
Before
A
B
328
147
/
00.0
56.5
'
178 45.5
358 44.5
57
I
37.7
37.0
37.35
! A
328
oao
178 45.5
58
59
8 00
I
I
I
37.7
37.7
37.7
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.35
37.35
37.35
After
^
147
56.5
358 44.5
Mean
327
58.2
178 45.0
02
E
38.1
38.6
38.35
^
03
E
38.0
38.6
38.30
Scale erect, mean
Scale inverted, mean
Axis
38.40
37.35
37.88
Mean scale reading erect
38.40
Remarks:
Axis
37.88
Bright, clear day
Scale — axis
-ho. 52
Temp. 53® .5 Cent.
Reduction to axis
-fi^o
Torsion weight suspended 20 minutes
Circle reading
178
^ 45.0
Mag'c S. M. reading
178
1 46.0
Mark reading
327
' 58.2
Azimuth of mark a
153
, 40.4
True S. M. reading
174
\ 17.8
Mean chron. time
h m
7 58.5
Magnetic declination E.
4
\ 28.2
Diurnal variation
-2.9
Chron. fast on L. M. T.
54.5
Mean declination E.
4
\ 25.3
Local mean
1
time
7 04
a Counted from South around by Weat from <fi to 360^.
27478 — 02 7
THE SECULAR CHANGE OF THE MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN THE
UNITED STATES AND OUTLYING TERRITORIES.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SECULAR CHANGE OF THE
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN THE UNITED STATES.
The greatest change in the magnetic declination, and therefore the one of most
importance to the surveyor, is the so-called secular change, which requires several hun-
dred years for its complete development and amounts in the compact part of the United
States to 5-8°. This change appears to be of a periodic character, like the motion of a
pendulum; that is, the compass needle, after moving continuously in one direction for
a long term of years, gradually comes to a standstill and then begins a motion in the
opposite direction. For example, at Portland, Me., the declination appears to have
been about 12° west in 1700. From that time it decreased steadily until about 1780,
when the needle reached its extreme easterly position, the declination being a little more
than 8° west. Since 1780 the declination has been increasing steadily, and now amounts
to about 14 J^ ° west. At San Francisco, on the other hand, the needle has moved contin-
uously to the eastward since 1790, the declination changing from about 13** east in 1790
to nearly 17® east at the present time, when the extreme easterly position has been just
about reached, apparently. Thus it is found that while the needle was swinging toward
the west in Maine it was moving in the opposite direction in California. A study of
observations at intervening stations shows that the extreme easterly position of the
needle, which wa^ reached in eastern Maine about 1765, occurred later and later going
westward, about 1805 in the District of Columbia, for example, and about 1840 in Iowa,
and in general passing across the coimtry at the rate of one degree of longitude in two
years, approximately. There is every reason to suppose that the extreme westerly posi-
tion of the needle, which has been very nearly reached in Maine at the present time, will
progress across the country in a similar manner, though possibly at a different rate.
Like the motion of the pendulum, the secular change of the direction of the compass
needle is most rapid at the middle point of the swing and becomes slower and slower as
the extremes are approached. Thus in the District of Columbia the annual change
increased from zero in 1800 to about 4' in 1870, and has since been decreasing, being
about 3' in 1900. Consequently a large error is introduced by assuming a constant rate
of change for a long period of years.
For further information on the subject, the reader is referred to Appendix No. i,
Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1895, ^^ ^^^ ** Secular Variation of the Earth's
Magnetic Force in the United States, etc.*' In that publication will be found collected
the secular change data at more than 100 stations, an explanation of the methods used
to derive suitable formulae to represent the observed quantities, and the discussion of the
observations according to those methods.
For information regarding the general laws and characteristics of the secular
change for the entire globe, the reader should consult pages 38 to 46 of this publication.
99
lOO
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
SECULAR CHANGE TABLES.
Explanatory Remarks.
On the following pages are given for each State and Territory one or more tables,
arranged alphabetically, showing the change in declination from the date of the earliest
observations to the present time. The figures on any line refer to the ist of January
of the year given in the first column. Each table is based on an average value of
declination for the area to which it refers. On the bottom line is given the annual
change for 1902. For practically all of the United States the present effect of secular
change of declination is to increase west declination and decrease east declination. For
Sitka, Honolulu, and Manila, where the effect is the opposite of this, namely, east
declination increasing, the fact is indicated by a minus sign before the value of annual
change in the table.
In using these tables, the surveyor must bear in mind the uncertainties incident to
the use of the compass and not be surprised if, for example, the change in declination
for the last hundred years as given by the tables differs by half a degree or more from
the value indicated by his own determinations. Even at the present time many
compasses are in error by as much as a quarter of a degree, owing to imperfect con-
struction or lack of proper care, and one hundred years ago the state of affairs was still
worse, so that an error of half a degree was not unusual. These tables give approx-
imately the actual change in the magnetic declination and do not take into account the
error of any particular compass.
Whenever the surveyor is called upon to redetermine the boundary line of a tract
of land run out at some previous period with a compass, and can find in the vicinity a
well-defined line known to have been established with the same compass and at about
the same time as the survey of the tract under consideration, he can not do better than
determine the amount of change in the compass bearing of this well-defined line and
use it to obtain the present bearings of the boundary lines to be reestablished. In this
way he will take into account and eliminate the errors of the compasses used in the
original and in the present survey. Only in the absence of such definite information is
the use of the following tables recommended.
Table XI. — Months and days expressed as a fraction 0/ a year.
Jan. o 0.00
Jan. 18 0.05
Feb. 6 o. 10
Feb. 24 o. 15
Mar. 14 o. 20
Apr. I o. 25
Apr. 20 o. 30
May 8 0.35
May 26 0.40
June 13 0.45
July 2 a 50
July 20 a 55
Aug. 7 o. 60
Aug. 25 0.65
Sept. 13 0.70
Oct. 1 o. 75
Oct. 19 0.80
Nov. 7 o. 85
Nov. 25 o. 90
Dec. 13 0.95
SECULAR CHANGE IN UNITED STATES. loi
The use of these tables may best be explained by a few examples:
(i) What was the change ip declination at Montgomery, Ala., between July i,
i8t2, and September 30, 1892?
In the table for Alabama the values 6° 49' east for 18 10 and 6° 57' east for 1820
are given, showing an average annual change of o'.8 for the interval. Hence the value
for 1812, July I, would be 6° 49' +(o'.8X2.5) = 6° 51' east. Similarly for September
30, 1892, the value 4*^ 35' —(3'. 5X2.75) =4° 25' east is obtained. Hence the needle
pointed 2° 26' farther west in 1892 than in 1812.
(2) The magnetic declination at Allegheny, Pa., was 2° 56' west in August, 1885.
What was it in January, 1800?
From the table for western Pennsylvania the values 0° 29' west for January i, 1800,
and 4® 04' west for August, 1885, are derived. Hence the needle changed its direction
3° 35' in the interval. The declination at Allegheny for the earlier date was therefore
2° 56' west minus 3° 35', or 0° 39' east.
(3) A rectangular piece of land at Houston, Tex., was surveyed by compass in
April, 1834, and the bearings recorded as follows: north 41® 45' west, north 48** 30'
east, south 41 ^^ 30' east, and south 48^ 15' west. What bearings should be used in
order to retrace the lines in December, 1902?
From the table for eastern Texas the values 9° 39' east for 1834, April, and 7° 50'
east for 1892, December, are derived, showing a change of 1° 49' to the westward in
the interval. The desired bearings are therefore north 39® 56' west, north 50° 19' east,
south 39° 41' east, and south 50*^ 04' west.
(4) Prepare a table showing the secular change of declination at Sacramento, Cal. ,
where the declination in October, 1897, was 16° 06' east.
The value for that date derived from the table for middle California is 16° 27' east;
consequently all the tabular values must be diminished by 21' in order to adapt the
table to Sacramento.
I02
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table giving Seadar Change of the Magnetic Declination in the United States and
Outlying Territories,
Year (Jan. 1)
Alabama
Alaska.
Sitka
Alaska,
Kodiak
Alaska.
Unalaska
Alaska.
St. Michael
Arisona,
east
Arizona,
west
/
'
/
/
/
/
/
1650
1660
1670
1680
•
1690
1700
1710
1720
^730
1740
1750
4 02 E
1760
4 38
1770
5 13
1780
5 44
25 05 E
23 59 B
1790
6 12
25 45
24 50
18 53 H
1800
6 34
26 25
25 34
19 16
1810
6 49
27 02
26 II
19 35
1820
657
27 38
26 38
19 48
1830
6 56
28 13
26 55
19 54
30 14 E
1840
6 48
2854
27 01
19 53
29 05
1850
6 32
29 08
26 54
19 46
27 55
13 47 E
14 00 E
i860
6 10
2Q 02
26 37
19 31
26 46
13 58
14 14
1870
5 42
28 59
26 08
19 II
25 36
14 01
14 21
1880
5 10
29 II
25 31
18 47
24 26
1358
14 21
1890
4 35
29 30
24 46
18 19
23 17
13 47
14 14
1900
4 CX)
29 45
23 55
17 49
22 07
13 30
14 00
J910
3 26 E
29 50 E
23 00 E
17 13 E
20 58 E
13 08 E
13 40E
Annual change
in 1902
3^4
-i^o
5'. 4
3'. 3
7^o
2^1
I'. 8
SECULAR CHANGE IN UNITED STATES.
103
Table giving Secular Change of the Magnetic Declination in the United States and
Outlying Territories — Continued.
Year (Jan. i)
Arkansas
California,
south
California,
middle
California,
north
Colorado,
east
r
Colorado,
west
Connecticut
/
/
'
/
t
/
/
1650
1660
1670
1680
1690
1700
8 44 W
1710
8 04
1720
7 22
1730
•
6 40
1740
6 00
1750
5 25
1760
4 56
1770
4 35
1780
10 28 E
12 17 E
14 09E
4 23
1790
II 02
12 43
14 37
4 21
1800
8 II E
II 36
13 12
15 06
4 29
1810
8 34
12 II
13 41
15 36
4 46
1820
849
12 43
14 10
1606
\
5 12
1850
858
13 13
14 37
16 35
5 45
1840
857
13 40
15 02
17 03
6 23
1850
849
14 01
15 25
17 28
14 28E
15 07B
7 05
i860
l^^
14 17
15 43
17 49
14 31
15 15
7 47
'2Z°
8 09
14 27
15 58
18 07
14 27
15 16
8 28
1880
7 40
14 30
16 09
18 20
14 15
15 07
9 05
1890
706
14 30
16 15
18 28
13 56
14 52
9 36
1900
6 30
14 30
16 30
18 30
13 30
14 30
10 00
I9I0
5 54B
. 14 27 E
16 30 E
18 30 E
12 59 E
14 02 E
10 15 W
Annual change
in 1902 •
3^7
0.0
0.0
0.0
2^.9
2^6
1^8
I04
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table giving Secular Change of the Magnetic Declination in the United States and
Outlying Territories — Continued.
Year (Jan. 1)
Delaware
District of
Columbia
Florida,
east
Florida
west
Florida,
south
Geoi^gia
Hawaii
Territonr,
Honolulu
#
/
'
'
/
/
/
1650
1660
1670
1680
1690
IJOO
6 ooW
5 II W
2 ooE
I7I0
5 31
4 45
2 29
1720
4 55
4 12
3 02
1730
4 15
3 33
338
1740
3 34
2 53
4 13
1750
2 54
2 13
3 13E
4 03E
4 46
3 13B
1760
2 17
I 34
3 50
4 40
5 16
3 50
1770
I 47
I 00
4 26
5 i6
5 41
4 26
1780
' ^l
33
4 58
5 47
6 01
4 58
1790
I 08
13
5 23
6 14
6 12
5 23
1800
I 04
04
5 41
635
6 16
5 41
10 52 E
jSio
I 08
04
5 50
6 48
6 12
5 50
10 25
1820
I 23
13
5 50
653
6 01
5 50
10 02
1830
I 47
33
5 41
6 49
5 41
5 41
9 44
1840
2 17
I 00
5 23
6 37
5 16
5 23
931
1850
254 •
I 34
4 58
6 16
4 46 .
4 58
9 25
i860
3 34
2 13
4 26
5 50
4 13
4 26
9 25
1870
4 15
2 53
3 50
5 18
338
3 50
932
1880
4 55
3 33
3 13
4 43
3 02
3 13
9 45
1890
5 31
4 12
2 35
4 06
2 29
2 35
10 04
1900
6 00
4 45
2 00
3 30
2 00
2 00
10 28
1910
6 23 W
5 iiW
I 29 E
2 56E
I 35 E
I 29 E
10 55 E
Annual change
.
in 1902
2^5
2^8
3^2
3^5
2^6
3^-2
-2'. 6
SECULAR CHANGE IN UNITED STATES.
105
Table giving Secular Ckaitge of the Magnetic Declination in the United States and
Outlying Territories — Continued.
Year (Jan. 1)
Idaho, eaat
Idaho, west
Illinois
Indiana
Indian
Territory
/
Iowa
Kansas, east
/
/
/
/
,
/
1650
1660
»
1670
1680
1690
1700
1710
1720
1730
.
1740
1750
1760
1770
1780
1790
1800
6 28E
5 31 E
1810
'
652
5 46
1820
7 07
5 51
10 50 E
1830
7 II
5 46
II 05
1840
7 07
5 31
II II
1850
17 41 E
18 23 E
652
508
II 49E
II 05
II 17 E
t86o
18 00
1845
6 28
4 37
II 40
10 50
II II
1870
18 II
19 00
558
4 01
II 25
10 25
10 55
1880
18 16
19 08
5 21
3 20
II 02
9 52
10 33
1890
18 II
1908
4 41
2 40
10 33
9 13
10 04
1900
18 00
19 00
4 00
2 00
10 00
8 30
9 30
1910
17 41 E
18 45E
3 20E
I 24E
9 24 R
7 46E
8 53E
Annual change
in 1902
I'. 7
1^3
4'.o
3'. 7
3^5
4^4
3^6
io6
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table giving Secular Change of the Magnetic Declination in the United States and
Outlying Territories — Continued.
Year (Jan. i)
«
Kansas, west
Kentucky, east
Kentucky, west
I/>uisiana
Maine, north-
east
Maine, south-
west
/
t
'
1
f
'
1650
18 30 W
1660
17 59
1670
17 21
1680
16 37
1690
15 47
1700
14 57
1710
14 08
1720
13 23
1730
12 43
1740
12 II
1750
II 50
10 34 W
1760
II 38
10 15
1770
II 38
10 10
1780
II 50
10 10
1790
12 II
10 15
1800
4 41 B
6 18E
7 37E
12 43
10 34
1810
4 50
6 36
7 58
13 23
II 02
1820
4 50
6 45
8 14
14 08
II 38
1830
4 41
645
8 22
14 57
12 18
1840
4 23
6 36
8 21
15 47
13 02
1850
12 26 £
358
6 18
8 13
16 37
13 47
i860
12 25
3 26
5 53
7 57
17 21
14 31
1870
12 14
2 50
5 21
7 35
17 59
15 10
1880
II 56
2 13
4 45
707
18 30
15 44
1890
II 31
I 35
4 08
6 34
18 50
16 II
1900
II 00
I 00
3 30
6 00
19 00
16 30
1910
10 25 E
29E
2 55E
5 25E
18 58 W
16 38 W
Annual change
in 1902
3^4
3^.2
3^.6
3'. 5
(/. I
1^2
SECULAR CHANGE IN UNITED STATES.
107
Table giving Secular Change of the Magnetic Declination in the United States and
Outlying Terfitories — Continued.
Year (Jan. i)
Maryland
Massachusetts,
east
Massachusetts,
west
Michigan,
southeast
Michigan,
southwest
Michigan,
north
/
r
/
/
/
1650
5 20W
1660
5 40
1670
5 52
1680
5 53
1690
5 44
1700
5 26
10 31 W
944W
1 710
5 00
9 50
9 04
1720
4 27
9 08
8 22
1730
3 48
8 26
7 40
1740
3 08
7 47
7 00
1750
2 28
7 13
625
1760
I 49
6 46
556
1770
•I 15
6 27
5 35
1780
48
6 17
5 23
1790
28
6 17
5 21
1800
19
6 28
5 29
332E
6 02E
1810
19
6 47
5 46
3 44
6 29
1820
28
7 14
6 12
3 44
5 oiE
6 43
1830
48
l^t
6 45
3 32
5 01
6 43
.1840
I 15
8 28
7 23
3 10
4 49
6 29
1850
I 49
9 10
8 05
2 39
4 27
6 03
i860
2 28
9 52
8 47
2 00
356
5 26
1870
^°5
10 32
9 28
I 16
3 17
4 40
1880
3 48
II 08
10 05
30E
2 33
3 48
1890
4 27
II 38
10 36
17 W
I 47
2 53
1900
5 00
12 00
II 00
I 00
I 00
2 00
1910
5 26W
12 13 W
II 15 w
I 38 w
17E
I II E
Annual change
in 1902
2^8
1^6
1^8
4^o
4^4
5M
io8
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
W
Table giving Secular Change "of the Magnetic Declination in the United States and
Outlying Territories — Continued.
Year (Jan. i)
Minnesota,
nor h
Minnesota,
south
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana,
east
Montana,
west
f
/
f
/
f
/
1650
1660
1670
1680
1690
•
1700
17IO
1720
1730
1740
1750
1760
1770
1780
1790
1800
7 34E
1810
7 53
1820
II 34 E
II 25 E
8 04
9 30E
1830
II 51
II 41
8 08
9 40
1840
II 57
II 47
8 04
9 40
18 25 E
19 34 E
1850
II 51
II 41
7 53
9 31
i8 43
19 59
i860
II 34
II 25
7 34
9 13
18 52
20 17
1870
II 06
10 59
708
8-47
18 52
20 26
1880
10 29
10 25
638
8 16
1843
20 26
1890
9 47
9 44
6 05
7 39
18 25
20 17
1900
9 00
9 00
5 30
7 00
18 00
20 00
1910
8 II E
8 15E
4 55E
6 21 E
17 28 E
19 35 E
Annual change
in 1902
4^9
4^6
3'. 5
4'.o
3^o
2'. 3
SECULAR CHANGE IN UNITED STATES.
109
Table giving Secular Change of the Magnetic Declination in the United States and
Outlying Territories — Continued.
Year (Jan. i)
Nebraska, eMt
Nebraska, west
•
/
Nevada, east
Nevada, west
New
Hampshire
/
New Jersey
/
/
'
r
1650
1660
1670
1680
1690
•
8 18 W
835
8 42
838
8 24
. 1700
1710
1720
1730
1740
12 58 W
12 18
II 34
10 49
10 05
8 00
7 28
6 49
6 07
5 23
1750
1760
1770
1780
1790
9 25
8 51
8 26
8 10
8 05
4 40
4 01
328
3 03
2 47
liOQ
I8IO
1820
1830
1840
12 32 E
12 50
13 00
8 12
8 29
855
9 30
10 II
2 42
2 47
3 03
3 28
4 01
1850
i860
1870
1880
1890
13 a>
12 52
12 34
12 08
II 37
14 26 E
14 26
14 17
13 59
13 32
15 44E
16 00
16 10
16 13
16 10
16 14 E
16 35
16 50
17 00
17 03
10 55
11 40
12 24
13 04
13 36
4 40
5 23
6 07
6 49
7 28
1900
I9IO
II 00
10 20 E
13 00
12 23 E
16 00
15 44B
17 00
16 50 E
14 cx>
14 14 W
8 00
. 8 24 W
Annual change
in 1902
3^.9
3^6
1^4
o^8
1^8
2^6
no
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table giving Secular Change of the Magnetic Declination in the United States and
Outlying Territories — Continued.
Year (Jan. i)
New Mexico,
New Mexico,
New York,
New York,
North Caro-
North Caro-
east
west
east
west
lina, east
/
lina, west
' •
/
/
/
/
1650
1660
1670
1680
1690
•
10 26 W
1700
10 00
1710
9 26
1720
8 45
1730
7 59
1740
7 13
.1750
6 28
405W
09 W
I 20E
1760
5 46
3 22
27E
I 57
1770
5 10
2 43
59
2 31
1780
4 43
2 II
I 26
3 01
1790
4 27
I 49
I 44
3 23
1800 •
4 21
^^l
I 53
3 37
1810
4 27
138
I 53
3 41
1820
4 43
I 49
I 44
3 37
1830
5 10
2 II
I 25
3 22
1840
5 46
2 43
59
2 59
1850
12 53 E
13 35 E
6 28
3 22
26E
2 29
i860
12 57
13 42
7 13
4 05
10 W
I 55
1870
12 53
13 43
7 59
4 52
49
I 17
1880
12 42
13 35
845
538
I 26
38
1890
12 24
13 21
9 26
6 22
2 01
02 E
1900
12 00
13 00
10 CXD
7 00
2 30
30 W
1910
II 32 E
12 34 E
10 26 w
7 29W
2 53W
56W
Annual change
in 1902
2\ 7
2^4
2^8
3^3
2'.i
2^8
SECULAR CHANGE IN UNITED STATES.
Ill
Table giving Secular Change of the Magnetic Declifiatiofi in the United States and
Outlying Territories — Continued.
Year (Jan. i)
North Dakota,
east
North Dakota,
west
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon, east
Oregon, west
t
/
/
/
/
/
1650
1660
^670
1680
1690
1700
1710
1720
1730
1740
•
1750
1760
1770
1780
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840 •
15 10 E
3 38
3 29
3 09
15 56 E
16 34
17 13
17 52
18 29
1850
i860
1870
1880
1890
15 10
15 00
14 41
14 13
13 39
17 31 E
17 31
17 21
17 02
16 34
2 42
2 08
I 29
49
08E
10 04 E
9 59
9 47
9 28
9 01
18 06E
18 31
18 49
19 00
19 04
19 03
19 32
19 57
20 15
20 26
1900
I910
13 00
12 17 E
16 00
15 21 E
30W
1 03W
8 30
7 55E
19 00
18 49 E
20 30
20 30 E
Annual change
in 1902
4^2
3^7
1
1
3'. 5
3^4
C/.9
o^o
112
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table giving Secular Change of the Magnetic Declination in the United States and
Outlying Territories ^Qontinntidi,
Year (Jan. i)
Pennsylvania,
east
Pennsylvania,
west
Philippines,
Manila
Porto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
/
f
/
'
f
f
1650
1
1660
1670
1680
7 36W
1690
7 35
1700
7 23
II 01 W
1710
658
10 20
1720
6 23
938
1730
5 41
856
1740
4 54
8 17
1750
4 05
13E
7 43
I 48 E
1760
3 19
09
7 16
2 25
1770
2 37
. 07
657
2 59
1780
2 02
I 08 W
05
6 47
3 28
1790
I 39
44
04
6 47
3 50
1800
I 26
29
05
3 33E
6 58
4 03
1810
I 27
23
06
3 10
7 17
4 08
1820
I 40
i 29
08
2 42
7 44
4 03
1830
2 05
44
12
2 12
8 19
3 50
1840
2 39
I 08
16
I 40
8 58
• 3 28
1850
3 22
I 40
21
I 08
9 40
2 59
i860
4 08
2 18
27
36
10 22
2 25
1870
4 57
2 59
34
07 E
II 02
I 48
1880
5 44
3 41
41
20 W
II 38
I 10
1890
6 26
4 23
49
43
12 08
033E
1900
7 00
5 00
55
I 00
12 30
00
I910
7 23 W
531 w
I ooE
I 13 w
12 43 W
28 W
Annual change
in 1902
2^.7
3^.3
-0^.5
1^5
i\6
2^9
SECULAR CHANGE IN UNITED STATES.
113
Table giving Secular Change of the Magnetic Declination in the United States and
Outlying Territories — Continued.
Y€ar(Jan. I)
South Dakota,
South Dakota,
Tennessee,
Tennessee,
Texas,
Texas,
east
west
east
west
east
middle
'
'
/
t
f
/
1650
1660
1670
1680
1690
1700
1710
1720
1730
1740
1750
1760
1770
^
1780
1790
1800
4 41 B
1810
4 50
1820
4 50
7 06E
9 20 E
1830
4 41
706
9 35
10 41 E
1840
13 35B
4 23
6 58
9 44
10 52
1850
13 35
14 28 E
358
6 41
9 44
10 57
. i860
13 26
14 28
3 26
6 17
9 37
10 52
1870
13 08
14 18
2 50
5 47
9 21
10 41
1880
12 41
14 00
2 13
5 13
8 59
10 23
1890
12 08
13 33
I 35
4 37
8 32
9 59
1900
II 30
13 00
I 00
4 00
8 00
9 30
I910
10 49 E
12 22 E
29 E
3 25E
7 25E
857E
Atinnal change
m 1902
4^1
3^.7
3^.2
3^6
3'- 4
3^2
27478 — 02 8
114
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table giving Secular Change of the Magnetic Declination in the United States and
Outlying Territories — Continued.
Year (Jan. i)
Texas, west
Texas, northwest
Utah
Vermont
Virginia, east
Virginia, west
/
/
/
/
/
/
1650
1660
1670
1680
1690
1700
1710
.11 58 w
II 18
4 25W
4 00
1720
1730
1740
10 34
9 49
9 05
3 29
2 54
2 16
1750
1760
1770
1780
1790
825
7 51
7 26
7 10
7 05
I 39
I 03
31
006W
12 E
25 E
59
1 28
I 50
t8oo
1810
1820
1830
1840
11 47 E
12 01
7 12
7 29
7 55
8 30
9 II
21
21
12 E
06W
031
2 03
2 08
2 03
I 50
I 28
1850
i860
1870
1880
1890
12 09
12 08
12 01
II 47
II 26
12 07 E
12 09
12 02
II 49
II 28
16 17 E
16 28
16 32
16 28
16 17
9 55
10 40
11 24
12 04
12 36
I 03
1 39
2 16
2 54
3 29
59
25 E
12W
50
1 27
1900
1910
II 00
10 29 E
II 00
10 28 E
16 00
15 36 E
13 00
13 14 w
4 00
4 25 W
2 00
2 28W
Annual change
in 1902
2^9
3'. I
2'. 2
I'. 7
2^.7
3'.o
SECULAR CHANGE IN UNITED STATES.
115
Table giving Secular Change of the Magnetic Decluiation in the United States and
Outlying Territories — Concluded.
Year (Jan. 1)
Washington,
east
Washington,
west
West Virginia
Wisconsin
•
Wyoming,
east
Wyoming,
West
/
r
/
/
/
/
1650
1660
1670
1680
1690
1700
1710
1720
1730
1740
1750
1760
1770
•
1780
17 15 E
1790
17 48
2 07 E
1800
18 23
2 22
1810
19 00
2 27
1820
19 37
2 22
8 40E
1830
20 12
2 07
8 46
1840
20 45
I 44
8 40
1850
21 44 E
21 15
I 13
8 22
15 40 E
17 20E
i860
22 05
21 41
37E
7 55
15 48
17 33
1870
22 20
22 02
03W
7 18
15 48
17 37
1880
22 30
22 17
44
635
15 40
17 33
1890
22 33
22 27
I 24
5 49
15 23
17 20
19CX)
22 30
22 30
2 00
5 00
15 00
17 00
1910
22 20 E
22 30 E
2 29 W
4 13E
14 30 E
16 33 E
Annual change
in 1902
o^8
0.0
3^2
4^7
2^8
2'. 5
THE MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND OUTLYING
TERRITORIES FOR JANUARY i, 1902.
INTRODUCTION.
Since the last publication by the Survey of a paper by Schott showing for the date
January i, 1900, the distribution of the magnetic declination within the area of the
United States, nearly six years have elapsed, during which time, especially since July i,
1899, a large amount of additional material has been obtained. A new discussion of
the material on hand exhibiting the results for an epoch nearer to the present time was
therefore undertaken.
The improvements in the present paper treating of the geographical distribution of
the declination for January, 1902, consist of:
( 1 ) The introduction of observations made by the Coast and Geodetic Survey since
the publication of 1896 and additions to the collection of data from other sources.
(2) The extension and increase of the knowledge of the secular change and
especially the systematizing of the secular change tables, thus giving increased precision
to the ** reduction to epoch;" that is, to the sign and amount of correction to be applied
to the observed value to reduce it to January i, 1902.
EXPLANATORY REMARKS TO DECLINATION TABLES. .
The primary arrangement of the tables is alphabetically by States. For each
State, Territory, or other geographical subdivision the collected declinations are next
divided into two groups, the first containing results obtained by the Coast and Geodetic
Survey observers, the second the results from other sources. Where the same station
has been occupied several times only the latest result is given, except when that result
is in the second group; in this case the latest result by the Coast and Geodetic Survey
is given also. The results in each group are arranged in order of latitude, beginning
at the south, this arrangement having been found the most ser\aceable for the various
purposes of the tables. The collection of all values at any one place is reserved for the
publication dealing exclusively with the determination of the secular change of the
magnetic elements.
The seven columns contain in order the name of the station or place where observa-
tions were made, the latitude, the longitude, the date of observation, expressed in year
and decimal fraction, the observed declination, the same reduced to January i, 1902, and
the name of the observer or authority. The latitudes and longitudes are taken from
the best available authorities. Those in Group I are usually the result of observation
and are in general correct within one minute of latitude and two minutes of longitude.
117
Il8 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Those in Group II are given as furnished by the obser\'^ers or are scaled from the
topographic sheets of the United States Geological Survey, the Post Route maps,
or the Rand and McNally State maps.
The results which have been added to Group II since the publication of Appendix i ,
Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1896, are principally from two sources, the
publication of the United States Geological Survey *' Magnetic Declination in the
United States,** by Henry Gannett, 1896, and the replies of county surveyors to a
circular letter sent out by the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in
February, 1901. Gannett collected the values of declination recorded in connection
with the surveys of the General Land Office and grouped them by counties. Where a
result for a county is g^ven as the mean of a certain number of stations, it is taken from
his collection. Gannett also collected considerable data from county surveyors.
For additional information regarding any of the results in the tables, application
may be made to the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, who will be
glad to have his attention called to any errors.
CHART OF THE LINES OF EQUAL MAGNETIC DECLINATION AND OF
EQUAL ANNUAL CHANGE IN THE UNITED STATES FOR 1902.
Before explaining the present chart a brief summary of the work of the Survey in
the past regarding the publication of isogonic charts is given so as to facilitate future
reference.
Previous Isogonic Charts by the Coast and Geodetic Survey.
The first table of declination results accompanied by an isogonic chart a was published by A. D.
Bache, Superintendent United States Coast Survey, and J. E. Hilgard, Assistant, in the Annual Report
for 1855, Appendix No. 47, and plate No. 56. The declinations were reduced to a common epoch—
1850 — ^by means of assumed values of the annual change, and for convenience of discussion th«
declinations were arranged in geographical groups which could be separately treated by application
of Lloyd's interpolation formula. The table comprises 153 stations, and the isogonic curves, com-
puted for each degree of declination, cover but a narrow strip along the coast line. In the following
year the same authors produced a new chart, as the result of a more extended discussion, inclusive
of aU recent observations, but retained the epoch 1850. (See Annual Report of 1856, Appendix No. 28. )
On plate No. 61 of the Report, the isogonic curves fairly cover the area of the eastern part of the United
States, as well as the area bordering on the Pacific coast, and a connection is shown over the Gulf of
Mexico and along the Mexican boundary.
The Annual Report for 1861, Appendices No. 23 and No. 24, contains two small isogonic charts
(plate No. >3o) designed for a special purpose and in aid of navigation along the southern coast;
epoch i860.
The Annual Report for 1862, Appendix No. 19, gives an account of a magnetic survey of the
State of Pennsylvania, and on plate No. 47 isomagnetic lines are laid down for the two epochs 1842
and 1862.
The next isogonic chart, constructed by Assistant C. A. Schott, accompanies Appendix No. 19 of
the Annual Report for 1865, plate No. 27. It is on a larger scale, but covers about the same area as
the chart of 1856. It embodies, however, the results accumulated, and uses the latest information
respecting the secular change. The epoch is 1870.
The next chart issued (Annual Report for 1876, Appendix No. 21, plate No. 24) is due to Assistant
J. E. Hilgard. It is referred to the epoch 1875, and includes the results of the Survey up to 1877, and
« The first detailed chart extending some distance into the interior of the country was constructed
by Prof. E. Loomis for the epoch 1840, and published in Silliman*s Journal Science and Arts, Vol. XL.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES. II9
in part to 1879, as well as about 200 observations made from 1871 to 1876^ under the auspices of the
National Academy of Sciences and at the expense of the Bache fund. In this chart the isogonic
curves cover the whole of the United States, excepting Alaska, and distinct notice is taken of certain
large irregularities in the distribution of magnetism which made themselves manifest in certain
regions in the eastern and central parts of the country. The curves over the western part remain
smooth and regular, the observations there not yet being sufficiently numerous for the safe delinea-
tion of irregularities.
* * Distribution of the Magnetic Declination for 1885. * ' This publication brought out in the Annual
Report for 1885, Appendix No. 13, by Assistant C. A. Schott, is designated by him as the " first edi-
tion,'* on account of its completeness, a special chart for Alaska and adjacent regions being included.
The arrangement of the table of results is alphabetic by States, with two subdivisions in each, one for
Coast and Geodetic Survey results, the other containing the results from all remaining available
sources, as compiled by the author; the table contains in all 2 359 stations. The results were reduced
to the epoch 1885, ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ Schott's extensive sectdar variation discussions. The curves for the
United States were determined by the graphical process, and were published on a chart of scale
i"7 oi ooo » while those for Alaska and adjacent waters, on account of the scarcity of data, were made
to depend upon an interpolation formula established by the application of the method of least squares;
these last curves were published on a chart, to the scale of Trrv^Trvv- ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ accumulated
material would permit, special notice was taken of all locally disturbed regions, and the extent and
the amount of the local deflections were shown on the chart.
" Distribution of the Magnetic Declination for 1890." This is Schott's *' second edition,** and is
contained in the Annual Report for 1889, Appendix 11. The table of declination comprises 3 237
stations; in all cases where a station has been repeatedly occupied, only that observation nearest to the
epoch 1890 is given. The curves for the United States are again obtained by the graphical method,
and those for Alaska by a newly established interpolation formula.
'* Distribution of the Magnetic Declination for 1900.** (Third edition; Appendix i, Annual
Report for 1896. ) The charts for the epoch 1900 are based on 3 591 tabulated declinations. They
are a great improvement upon the former charts, the reductions to the epoch 1900 being based on a
new and very exhaustive discussion of the secular variation of the magnetic declination at 118 stations,
embracing i 435 annual observations.
The steady improvement in the isogonic charts is made readily apparent by a comparison of the
earlier ones with those of recent date. In the latter the curves are no longer beautifully curved lines,
but exhibit many sinuosities, showing that the magnetic distribution, as it actually occurs in nature,
is being more and more truly represented. For Alaska, on account of the paucity of the data, the
distribution, as shown by the charts, must still be more or less conventional.
Isogonic Chart of the United States for 1902.
(Plate I.)
The secular change tables employed for reducing the tabulated declination results to
January i, 1902, with the necessary explanations, will be found in the previous chapter.
The following tabular summary exhibits the number of declination entries given in
the ** Magnetic Declination Tables*' appended, upon which the present isogonic chart
was based. The first column gives the State or Territory in alphabetical order, the next
headed I, tabulates the number of declination values recently observed by the Coast and
Geodetic Survey as contained in Group I of the tables; the third column, Ila, gives the
number of declination entries collected from outside sources by the Coast and Geodetic
Survey and contained in Group II; the fourth column, lib, gives the number of decli-
nation entries in Group II, extracted from Gannett's publication, being based almost
entirely upon the United States Land Office data, and the final column, lie, shows the
number of individual stations upon which Gannett's entries or mean values of lib were
based. Nearly one-half of the number of values given in column I have been observed
by the Coast and Geodetic Survey since July i, 1899.
I20
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Number 0/ entries 0/ magnetic declination results for each Stale and Territory.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Colum-
bia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaiian Terri-
tory
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Indian Territory
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
C.&G.S.
19
137
2
16
103
31
23
II
2
43
32
20
3
13
18
3
42
34
30
26
42
140
36
10
30
18
14
15
43
47
Ila
Other
9
41
49
35
48
53
13
I
29
15
45
72
49
15
5
47
26
13
27
38
10
26
264
40
22
158
68
86
77
lib
G. val-
ues
47
34
78
61
70
I
o
o
38
20
44
63
98
7
63
162
20
48
4
o
3
86
100
74
27
42
102
42
lie
G. sta-
tions
332
742
693
303
392
I
o
o
170
20
363
523
793
165
609
I 274
25
668
4
o
3
I 248
I 021
I 007
27
197
I 122
711
^ New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Philippine Islands
Porto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
I Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washin^on
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
West Indies, etc.
Mexico, West
British America,
East of 75°
British America,
75*^-90°
British America,
West of 90°
C.&G.S.
8
20
32
48
116
6
19
5
39
53
15
17
8
20
9
18
no
26
4
114
45
57
II
15
22
33
13
18
17
I 921
Ila
Other
lib
G. val-
ues
13
I
150
67
58
217
8
3
3
22
48
90
45
4
, 33
«
29
12
33
2
13
2
15
80
lie
G. sta-
tions
I
o
794
8
3
193
266
507
87
12
38
22
30
50
57
39
15
2
32
14
89
32
30
5
68
52
76
46
55
1
71
129
162
93
3 082
I 915
o
2
357
24
50
326
2
14
297
5
431
816
19 608
The chart for 1902 was based principally on the data enumerated in columns I and
Ila. principal weight being given, in general, to Group I, except when the data in
Group II were obtained with instruments and methods comparable with those of the
Coast and Geodetic Survey. In the regions where the data from I and Ila were
sparsely distributed, recourse was had to the data, lib. It was found, however, that
although the 19 15 mean values of lib were based on nearly 20000 observations, their
inaccuracy was of such a nature and the uncertainty of precise geographical position to
which they applied was of such an extent at times that practically little use could be
made of them for the determination of the actual distribution. A local disturbance
amounting to a half degree, and even a degree, could not with certainty be made out
Tvith their aid. These data some decades ago would have had value, but now with so
many observations the accuracy of which can be precisely gauged, their value is of a
subordinate character.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES. 121
It should also be pointed out that the 1921 values in Group I in many instances
have been repeatedly verified by previous observations at the same station by the Coast
and Geodetic Survey, only the most recent values, as above stated, being given, how-
ever. In this way actual local disturbances have been repeatedly determined.
The following statement might be made: the present isogonic chart for the United
States is based on results plotted at about 5000 points, embodying all the declination
data of known value up to date. To give the actual number of single observations util-
ized, without further information, conveys to the reader an entirely erroneous impres-
sion, as he instinctively concludes that that number of values was actually plotted, thus
confusing number of observations with number of points or stations plotted. The vaUie
of an average declination result based on many single observations, depends entirely
upon the character of the observations combined and the purpose of the combination,
so that it may easily happen that an average result, no matter on how many observa-
tions of indiflFerent or uncertain value it may depend, is no better — often not as good —
as a single result, the accuracy of which is precisely known. When a result departs
from the normal or uniform distribution, one should have the facts to enable him to tell
whether the departure is an actual fact of nature, or error of observation, or due to the
particular combinatory process.
By thus carefully distinguishing between the relative value of the results in Groups
I and II, the attempt was made to draw the lines of equal magnetic declination to
conform as nearly as possible with Xh^/acis of nature. No curvature in the lines nor
isolated oval, such as occurs, for example, in Iowa, Texas, etc., has been shown unless
borne out by a critical examination of the material. Quite likely the next edition of
the Chart with the aid of new material will exhibit still more irregularities in the lines,
and in certain localities it will be found that no system of lines can give a representa-
tion of the actual distribution of the Earth's magnetism in these regions. It has been
the general experience thus far that the greater the number of points at which observa-
tions have been obtained the more irregularities do the isogonic lines present. To
eliminate the facts of nature by numerical combinatory processes or by a system of
smooth mathematical curves based on empirical formulae serves no practical purpose.
As stated, the present purpose is to draw isogonic lines representing the observed
facts as well as possible. An attempt to draw the system of 'lines which would exist if
the United States were uniformly or regularly magnetized and no local or regional dis-
turbances of the needle existed may be made at some future time. By comparing these
mathematical lines, representing the normal or undisturbed distribution of magnetism,
with the actually observed facts, it may be possible to localize the centers of magnetic
disturbances and to ascertain their origin. This is the only method by which deductions
of permanent value can be made.
No additional explanations of the Chart, to be found at the end of the book, other
than that given in the legend will be required. It was published separately in Febru-
ary, 1902, in order to satisfy immediate demands, and is now given along with the
publication which furnishes the accompanying text.
The chief new features are:
(i) The return to the base map used for the isogonic charts of 1875, 1885, and
1890, revised up to date and having sufficient physical features and towns to render it
122 MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
possible to readily identify any desired locality, to interpret irregularities in the isogonic
lines, and to estimate their value in the region crossed by them.
(2) The lines of equal annual change of the magnetic declination for the present
period, with the aid of which the isogonic Hues can readily be referred to any year
within five years prior or subsequent to 1902.
By examining the isogonic chart it will be seen that the magnetic declination
in the United States varies at present from 21® east, in the extreme northern part of
Maine, to 23° west, in the extreme northern part of the State of Washington, hence
44° from one end of the country to the other. Over the greater portion of the United
States the needle points east of north.
The only former attempt to draw the lines of equal annual change was made by
Schott in Appendix 19, Coast and Geodetic Survey Report for 1865. By systematiz-
ing the secular change tables it was possible to renew the attempt. The present lines
were constructed in a manner similar to that used for the lines of equal magnetic
declination. While the lines are to some extent conventional, it has been found that
they represent the observed annual changes generally within i', hence they will suffice
for all practical purposes. With their aid it is possible to tell at once the way and rate
according to which the magnetic declination is at present changing in the United States.
Secular Motion of the Agonic Line in the United States.
Fig. 29 gives the positions of the agonic line, or line of no magnetic declination,
along which the needle points to the north, from 1700 to 1900. It will be seen that in
1800 the agonic line had reached its most northerly position, passing through western
Pennsylvania, central Maryland, and skirting the coast of Virginia. The agonic line of
1902 passes through Ohio, a little west of Columbus, and nearly through Columbia, S. C.
ISOGONIC CHART OF ALASKA FOR 1902.
(Plate II.)
In the case of Alaska, owing to the paucity of the observations and the great extent
of territory involved, the'graphical method followed in drawing the isogonic lines for
the United States could not be safely employed. Schott accordingly made use of a
mathematical interpolation formula for the purpose of drawing the isogonic lines for
this region, for details regarding which see Appendix 4, Coast and Geodetic Survey
Report for 1894, ^^^ Appendix i, Report for 1896, pages 148 and 149.
Upon examining Schott's chart with the aid of the material obtained since the date
of its construction, it was found that the isogonic lines required a slight shifting to the
left to apply for 1900. To refer the lines to January i, 1902, requires a shifting of
about the same amount to the right on account of secular change. Accordingly the
chart of 1900, uncorrected, applies as closely to 1902 as the material now at hand
would enable one to safely judge. The present chart should therefore be regarded as
merely a preliminary one. By the time of the next issue sufficient new data will have
been obtained to render it worth while to attempt the construction of an entirely new
chart, which is not the case at present.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
123
Local Disturbances of the Compass in Alaska.
Attention must be called to the large and frequent disturbances of the compass which
mariners in Alaskan waters encounter. The Survey is making a special study of these,
and will pubHsh a separate monograph on the subject. In the meanwhile reference
90'
^ «ff* JM*» 75" ^^
i__
- -JP
V Ilk
1
-t — r
\ 1 .^
HB !b^ ^i.
/r\ li ^jvk '
H-4 liV
n 1 \uL--^
■j--\.. — < T v*'
T " ' r^ "■ \ ""T' f ^ 1
X. • ^^1 rn * 1 • 1 —
— 1 1 ff' ~
1 A Js \ J
1 ^B ^^^ ^%
-^r tSt n"
1 \ ^
-J ->, — 1
^ "^^3 1^^^ ^^^K ^a—L. J^M
% J
1 /
■4 — - /
»^;:"'4
\ ^ 1
'^\ \
^k^ r
1 i-l
X 4--
t A
\ - —
^^^L-
-±^2
r . S 1 _
10-
■^
-n^'
m
m
Fig. 29.— Map showing: the position of the agonic line between 1700 and 1900 (Schott).
is made to United States Coast Pilot, Pacific Coast, Alaska, Part I, published by the
Survey in 1901.
ISOGONIC CHARTS OF THE OTHER OUTLYING TERRITORIES.
Isogonic charts for the other outlying territories of the United States have been
at present deferred, awaiting the accumulation of material. The declination values
at hand will be found in the tables, in their proper places.
124
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinatunis observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, ipd2,
[Group I, results from United States Coast and Geodetic Survey; Group II, results from all other sources.]
ALABAMA
Station
Group I
Fort Morgan
Mobile
Citronelle
Evergreen
Greenville
Lower Peachtree
Eufaula
Mount Cannel
Ethridge
Union Springs
Montgomery
Selma
Opelika
Birmingham
Indian Mountain
Cullman
Decatur
Huntsville
Florence
Group II
Baldwin County
Mobile County
Mount Vernon
Escambia County
Elba
Conecuh County
St. Stephens
Monroe County
Trov
Barbour County
Wilcox County
Bullock County
Shiloh
Lowndes County
Montgomery County
Russell County
Marengo County
Cahaba
Dallas County
Selma
Macon County
Tuskegee
Coatopa
Autauga County
Sumter County
Elmore County
Lee County
Marion
Perry County
Greensboro
Hale County
•
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
1
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
East
East
/
/
/
f
30 14
88 01
1847. 40
7 04.1
4 20
Fauntleroy&Ruth
30 42
8803
1896. 26
4 31.2
4 10
J. B. Baylor
31 05
88 14
1896. 18
4 41.5
4 21
Do.
31 26
8657
1900.40
3 46.7
3 41
D. L. Hazard
31 50
8636
1896. 20
3 46.6
3 26
J. B. Baylor
31 50
8737
1857- 33
6 02.4
338
G. W. Dean
31 54
8508
1896.24
2 55.5
2 35
J. B. Baylor
32 01
86 21
1892. 41
3 39
3 05
F. W. Perkins
32 05
87 04
1892. 40
3 34
3 00
Do.
32 09
85 42
1900.41
2 55.9
2 50
D. L. Haasard
32 22
86 18
1900.41
2 46. 1
2 40
Do.
32 24
8705
1896. 22
3 09.5
2 49
J. B. Baylor
32 37
85 25
1896.25
3 02.0
2 42
Do.
33 31
86 49
1900.42
2 44.9
2 39
D. L. Hazard
34 02
85 26
"875.65
4 10.6
2 40
F. P. Webber
34 10
86 50
1900.43
3 16.7
3 II
D. L. Hazard
34 37
5^59
1900-43
4 11.5
4 06
Do.
34 42
8635
1900.44
4 00.7
3 55
Do.
34 48
87 43
1S90. 41
4 15.6
3' 34
J. B. Baylor
. • * .
• a • a
1841
635
3 42
Mean, 8 stations
• . . . ^
a a •
1846
7. 00
4 15
Mean, 6 stations
31 06
88 01
1870. 8
6 27
4 41
W. W. Carson
• •
a « •
1839
5 40
2 44
Mean, 8 stations
31 26
86 05
1900.0
3 45
338
D. McKinnon
> • • •
a • a a
1839
5 45
2 50
Mean, 10 stations
31 32
88 04
1901
4 30
4 27
B. D. Turner
• • > •
• a a a
1839
536
2 40
Mean, 7 stations
31 49
8558
1895
4 06
3 43
I. M. Adams
• • • •
a • a •
1832
6 30
3 28
Mean, 8 stations
a
a a * *
1846
636
3 50
Mean, 9 stations
• • •
. .
1832
6 30
3 28
Mean, 6 stations
32 08
87 42
1895
4 15
3 52
County surveyor
• « • •
a • a
1846
6 30
3 44
Mean, 4 stations
• a •
a a • a
1843
6 30
3 40
Mean, 20 stations
. . . .
» 9 a •
1832
6 30
3 28
Mean, 24 stations
• • • •
a • a a
1842
6 30
3 39
Mean, 2 stations
32 18
87 10
1860.3
6 10
3 53
W. Scott
• • •
mm a a
1844
6 47
4 00
Mean, 18 stations
32 24
87 05
1895
4 00
3 37
County surveyor
• • •
• a
1832
6 30
3 28
Mean, 8 stations
32 26
85 45
1888.5
3 55
3 07
W. C. Torrance
32 30
88 06
1873
5 50
4 12
J. F. Williamson
• » • •
a a
1842
6 30
3 39
Mean, 8 stations
• • • •
> • • a
1832
7 50
4 48
Do.
a a •
a a a •
1S38
6 30
3 34
Do. .
• a a
a • • •
1832
6 30
3 28
Mean, 16 stations
32 36
87 18
1895
4 15
3 52
D. E. Bates
• a a a
m w • •
1845
6 50
4 03
Mean, 2 stations
32 42
8736
1895
4 40
4 17
County surveyor
« •
• • a «
1842
6 30
3 39
Mean, 8 stations
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
125
TabU of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, r^02 — Continued.
ALABAMA— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued.
Greene County
Tallapoosa County
Chilton County
Coosa County
Chambers County
Goodwater
Blocton
Talladega
Tuscaloosa
Pickens County
Clay County
Randolph County
West
Talladega County
Birmingham
Jacksonville
Blount County
Etowah County
Cullman County
Marshall County
Dekalb County
Morgan County
Moulton
Madison
Tuscumbia
Lati-
tude
33 04
33 06
33 09
33 12
lyongi-
tude
86 04
87 07
86 30
87 33
• • • •
• * •
• • •
33 15
.. . .
85 25
• « •
33 32
33 49
• • • •
86 48
85 46
34 29
34 41
34 44
87 17
86 48
87 43
Date of
obser\'a-
tion
1838
1832
1842
1832
1833
1895
1895
X900
1895
1832.
1832
1834
1895
1832
1901
1901
1839
1839
1839
1839
1839
1853
1895
1875. 4
1896
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
o /
7 06
6 30
6 30
6 30
6 22
2 30
3 30
3 45
5 00
8 00
5
5
2
5
3
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
2
25
28
30
26
II
25
40
40
40
40
40
17
30
5-11.6
4 43
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
4
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
4
10
28
39
28
21
07
07
40
37
58
23
28
2 07
2 24
3 08
2 22
44
44
44
44
44
45
07
40
23
Observer or
authority
Mean, 5 stations
Mean, 20 stations
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 17 stations
Mean, 18 stations
D. B. Brown
County surveyor
B. E. Ogletree
County surveyor
I station
Mean, 18 stations
Mean, 23 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 6 stations
P. S. Milner
W. T. Morton
Mean, 3 stations
I station
Do.
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 3 stations
Do.
County surveyor
F. E. Hilgard
County surveyor
ALASKA
Group I
Amchitka Island, Constan-
tine Harbor
Adak I., Bay of Islands
Kiska Island, Kiska Harbor
Atka Island, Nazan Bay
Attn Island, Chichagof Hbr.
Unalaska I., Cove Point
Round
Strait
Biorka
Egg
Food
Shelf
Unalaska I., Dutch Harbor
Eider
Aektok (Rootok) Pass
Basalt
Tigalda
Tigalda Bay
Ugamak
Peterson
Acherk
o /
51 24
51 49
176
51 59
E177
52 II
174
52 56
E173
53 24
167
53 46
166
53 48
166
53 50
166
53 52
166
53 52
166
53 53
166
53 54
166
53 58
166
54 03
165
54 07
165
54 08
165
54 08
165
54 13
164
54 24
162
54 29
162
o /
E179 12
32
30
15
12
30
23
18
13
03
19
14
32
35
31
23
08
00
47
38
49
1873. 58
1873.61
1873. 55
1873. 65
1873. 48
1880. 75
1901.52
1901.52
1901. 53
1901. 53
1901.51 i
1901.51 '
1900. 80 •
1901. 50 I
1901.65
1901. 60
1901.59
1901.59
1901. 62
1901.68
1901. 62
East
o /
7 17. 1
52.1
06.4
57.3
43.0
15-3
20 51
7 32
8 48
8 22
6 09
17 38
18 14.0
16 23
16 28
17 32
22 56
17 03
1845
18 19
18 18
East
/
• ft • •
W. H. Dall
• • • •
Do.
• • •
Do.
ft « • ft
Do.
ft • ft
Do.
15 13
Dall & Baker
20 50
F. H. Brundage
17 31
Do.
18 47
Do.
18 21
Do.
16 08
Do.
17 37
Do.
18 10
J. F. Pratt
16 22
F. H. Brundage
16 27
C. C. Yates
17 31
F. H. Brundage
22 55
Do.
17 02
Do.
18 44
C. C. Yates
18 18
R. L. Paris
18 17
C. Lyman
126
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
ALASKA— Continued
Station
Group /—Continued
Otter Cove
Portland Canal, south end
Pearse Island
Howkan
Amagat Island
Little Koniuji Island
Dolgoi Island, south end
Tamgas Harbor
Belkofski
Mary Island
Portland Canal, Astr'l Pt.
Humboldt Hbr., Popof I.
Peninsula Point
Kasaan Bay, Long Island
Union Bay
Chirikof Island
Kupreanof Harbor
Chiachi Islands
Port Moller
Portland Canal, head of
Dewey Anchorage
Burroughs Bay
Port McArthur
Semidi Islands
Shakan
Shakan Island
Shakan Entrance
Chignik Bay
Red Bay, Sumner Strait
Wrangell, North Base
Wrangell
Duncan Canal
St. George Island
Frederick Sound
Portage Bay, Frederick Sd.
Sitka
St. Paul Island
Woewodski Harbor
Cape Fanshaw
Cleveland Passage
Poke, Gambier Island
Killisnoo
Clot, Sanford Cove
Kodiak Island, St. Paul
Icy Strait, First
Icy Strait, Peach
Port Althorp
Auke Point
Hat, Taku River
Cross Sound, Spence
Cross Sound, Jog
Cross Sound, Lack
Funter Bay
Juneau
Dundas Bay
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
1
1
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
East
East
/
/
/
/
54 46
163 20
1901. 58
19 30
19 29
C. Lyman
54 46
130 24
1888.59
1
29 37-3
30 12
A. N. Wood
54 50
132 50
1881. 67
27 03. 4
27 54
H. E. Nichols
54 54
162 53
1901. 49
18 25
18 23
0. M. Leland
55 03
159 23
1880.54
21 25.2
20 10
Dall & Baker
55 03
161 43
1880.56
17 59
16 44
Do.
55 04
131 28
^^> 59
28 34.7
29 21
H. E. Nichols
55 05
162 00
1880.56
21 25.7
20 II
Dall & Baker
55 06
131 14
1895.54
28 21. 7
28 38
0. B. French
55 13
130 04
1888.66
27 44.3
28 18
A. N. Wood
55 19
160 31
1880.55
20 17.0
19 02
Dall & Baker
55 23
131 44
1885. 61
28 07. 1
28 48
R. A. Marr
55 30
132 19
1880.35
2748
28 31
Dall & Baker
55 45
132 12
1885.60
30 29. 8
31 03
R. A. Marr
55 48
1 155 43
1874. 45
23 00.9
• • •
W. H. Dall
55 48
159 25
1901. 42
20 39
20 37
0. M. Leland
55 52
: 159 05
1874. 48
21 55.9
• * • •
W. H. Dall
55 55
160 35
1874. 61
21 22. 2
• •
Do.
55 56
130 00
1888.52
30 08.6
30 36
A. N. Wood
55 56
132 22
1886.69
28 30
29 01
C. C. Marsh
56 02
131 06
1 1893. 39
30 23. 9
30 41
H. M.W.Edmonds
56 04
' 134 06
! 1886.57
27 50
28 21
C. C. Marsh
56 05
^56 39
1874. 45
22 56.9
• • • •
W. H. Dall
56 09
, 133 28
1886. 54
33 00
33 31
C. C. Marsh
56 09
1 13336
, 1886. 58
29 25
29 56
Do.
56 09
133 32
1881. 62
30 03. 2
30 44
H. E. Nichols
56 19
; 158 24
1874.46
22 01. 7
• • • •
W. H. Dall
56 20
133*15
1886.43
29 40
30 II
C. C. Marsh
56 27
132 23
1886.5
29 20
29 51
Do.
56 28
132 23
1893. 48
29 38. 3
29 55
G. R. Putnam
5636
133 06
1887. 57
30 05. 7
30 34
C. C. Marsh
5636
169 32
' 1897. 67
19 02. 7
18 48
G. R. Putnam
56 55
1 132 51
1887.44
29 38.
30 07
C. C. Marsh
57 00
' 133 20
1887.49
30 29.3
3058
Do.
57 03
135 20
1902. 00
29
« •
H. M.W.Edmonds
57 07
170 17
1897. 52
16 42.0
16 26
G. R. Putnam
57 10
134 15
1889.49
29 35
30 00
A. N. Wood
57 II
133 34
1887. 54
30 05. 1
30 34
C. C. Marsh
57 12
133 30
1 1889.33
30 13
3038
A. N. Wood
57 27
i 133 50
' 1889.53
' 30 16
30 35
Do.
57 28
134 34
1900. 76
28 14. 2
28 16
L. A. Bauer
57 41
133 28
1889.72
28 12
28 30
A. N. Wood
57 47
152 24
1896.45
; 24 33- 8
24 17
H. P. Ritter
5805
135 07
1901. 49
' 30 35
30 35
Burger& Westdahl
58 10
135 03
1901-45
30 28
30 28
L. H. Westdahl
58 12
136 24
1 1880. 46
1 32 15-5
32 37
Dall & Baker
58 12
, 134 33
' 1890.51
30 44
30 55
H. C. Poundstone
58 12
134 09
i 1893. 47
31 02
31 TO
J. E. McGrath
58 12
13638
, 1901.57
30 09
30 09
L. H. Westdahl
58 13
136 02
1 1901- 53
29 04
29 04
L. H: Westdahl
58 13
' 136 08
; 1901.53
31 19
31 19
Do.
58 14
134 55
1 1890. 68
30 15
30 26
H. C. Poundstone
58 18
134 24
1900.77
33 23.4
33 25
Bauer & Weinrich
58 22
. 136 22
1900. 76
1 31 14. 1
31 15
L. A. Bauer
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
127
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, jgo2 — Continued.
ALASKA— Continued
Station
Group /—Continued
Icy Strait, Gus
Point Lena, Lynn Canal
Taku River, Astronom. Sta.
Taku River, Island
Taku River, Duck
Taku River, Terrace
Taku River, Islet
Taku River, Fishery
Taku River, Wood
Taku River, Lean
Taku River, Nob
Taku River, Shoal
Taku River, Fast
Lituya Bay
La Perouse, Lituya Bay
Hagemeister Island
Camp Mnir, Glacier Bay
Anchorage Pt. , Chilkat Inlet
Chilkat
Chilkoot
Dalton, Chilkat River
Open, Chilkat River
Sight, Chilkat River
Koh-klux, Chilkat River
Dangerous Cape
Upper, Chilkat River
Porcupine Creek
Limber, Taiya River
Octon Cape, Yakutat Bay
Yakutat Bay, Port Mulgrave
Coal Point, Ogolnoi
Malaspina, Southwest Base
Malaspina, Northeast Base
Mount Hoorts, Yakutat Bay
Yahtse, East Base
Kokinhenic Island
Port Etches
Nunivak Island, Cape Etolin
Mag
Reef
Orca
Kun
Bright
Black (Kripniyuk)
Kwiklokchun
Head of Apoon
Okweah
Quit, near Kotlik
Pastoliak
St. Michael
Do,
Camp Davidson, Yukon R.
Current
Port Clarence
Shamansville
Lati-
tude
/
58 23
58 24
58 26
5830
5831
5831
5832
58 32
58 34
58 34
58 35
5835
5836
58 37
5838
58 48
58 50
59 10
59 12
59 12
59 20
59 21
59 23
59 24
59 24
59 24 1
59 25
59 32
59 33
59 34
59 36
59 44
59 45
59 45
59 49
60 ]8
60 21 ,
60 25
60 28
60 34
60 35
61 51
62 II
62 20
62 34
62 54
63 02
63 02
63 03
63 29
63 29
64 41
65 07
65 17
66 00
Longi-
tude
35 55
34 46
33 59
33 54
33 52
33 46
33 44
33 41
33 40
33 40
33 40
3338
33 35
37 40
37 41
60 40
36 05
35 28
35 27
35 21
35 48
35 48
35 53
35 53
51 53
35 54
36 16
35 20
39 52
39 47
51 24
40 12
40 06
39 32
41 08
45 03
46 38
66 08
46 26
45 59
45 41
65 34
63 58
65 19
64 51
64 01
64 37
63 33
63 13
62 oi
62 01
40 55
65 19
66 46
49 06
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
901.50
890.42
893.56
893- 42
893.43
893.44
893. 44
893.47
893.47
893.47
893.48
893. 52
893-51
874. 37
894.62
874.60
890.69
894.53
890.55
890.59
894.52
894.52
894.50
894.49
880.51
900.47
900.50
894.60
892.66
892.67
880.50
894.5
892.58
892.63
894.6
898.47
874. 41
874. 58
900.58
900.56
900.55
899.55
899.69
898.68
898.62
899.59
899. 62
899. 70
898.64
898.55
900.50
891.4
900. 71
900.74
891.51
East
o /
30 19
30 24
30 16.3
30 49
30 52
30 57
30 12
32 06
32 25
3t 28
31 58
32 34
31 38
30 02. 8
30 10. 1
22 52.8
30 26
30 29. o
30 39
19 39
31 56.9
31 54.5
29 54.9
24 08.3
24 32.5
32 23.7
31 25.3
32 09.0
30 24
29 55.8
25 48.5
30 43
30 42
30 51
30 29.6
29 25. 9
29 09.8
21 33.8
28 40.0
28 57- 7
29 27. 2
19 44. 8
20 37.9
19 42. 5
19 48. 8
20 35.8
20 38
21 15
21 01
22 17.3
22 54.0
35 43.0
20 53-3
19 55. 4
33 u
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
East
/
30 19
L. H. Westdahl
30 36
H. C. Poundstone
30 25
0. B. French
3058
S. B.Tinsley
31 01
Do.
31 06
Do.
30 21
Do.
32 15
Do.
32 34
Do.
31 37
Do.
32 07
Do.
32 42
Do.
31 46
Do.
• » • •
W. H. Dall
30 10
J. E. McGrath
• •
W. H. Dall
30 26
H. F. Reid
30 29
J. F. Hayford
30 39
H. C. Poundstone
1939
Do.
31 57
A. L. Baldwin
31 54
Do.
29 55
Do.
24 08
Do.
23 50
Dall & Baker
32 24
0. B. French
31 25
Do.
32 09
J. F. Pratt
30 15
J. E. McGrath
29 47
J. H. Turner
25 05
Dall & Baker
30 35
J. E. McGrath
30 33
Do.
30 42
Do.
30 22
Do.
29 19
H. P. Ritter
• •
W. H. Dall
• •
Do.
28 37
H.M.W.Edmonds
28 55
Do.
29 24
Do.
19 27
G. R. Putnam
20 21.
Do.
19 19
Do.
19 24
Do.
20 19
Do.
20 21
R. L. Faris
20 59
Do.
20 38
G. R. Putnam
21 53
Do.
22 44
E. R. Frisby
35 II
J. E. McGrath
20 44
J. F. Pratt
19 47
Do.
32 18
J. E. McGrath
128
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, ipo2 — Continued.
ALASKA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Group I — Continued
ChamissoHbr. , KotzebueSd.
Fort Yukon, Yukon River
Camp Colonna, Porcupine R.
Valley of Three Rivers
Near Cape Lisburne
Near Icy Cape
Uglaamie, near Pt. Barrow
Group II
Peak of Iron Island
Chichagof Harbor, Attu I.
Straits between Unalaska
and Sedaghur
Croyalgu Island
Belkofski Bay, Bailey Hbr.
Amak Island
Portage Bay
Red Fish Bay
North Cape
Red Fish Bay
Sitka Sound
Wrangell Harbor
Kodiak, near Cape Chiniak
(Greville)
Salisbury Sound
Cape Suworof
Cape Black
Clark Point
Kachemak Bay, Cook Inlet
Do.
Disenchantment Bay ( Puer-
to del Desengaiio-)
Do. .
Kulitnak River
Norton Sound
St. Laivrence Island
Yukon River
Cape Good Hope
Cape Deceit
Cape Krusenstern
Point Hope, near end of Spit
Point Demarcation
Point Anxiety
Foggy Island
Icy Cape, near Indian V.
Cross Island
On Ice, N W. of Anxiety Pt.
Wainwright Inlet
Do.
Point Comfort'
Boat Extreme
Cape Smyth, signal station
near Point Barrow
Plover Point, Point Barrow
66 13
66 34
67 25
6837
6853
70 13
71 18
51 58
52 56
53 46
54 17
55 09
55 27
55 35
56 23
56 40
56 42
5656
56 59
57 20
57 20
5842
58 43
58 49
59 30
59 46
59 51
60 00
61 41
63 28
63 43
64 56
66 03
66 06
67 II
68 19
69 41
70 10
^ -P^' I obser\'a-
^"•^^ I tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
161 49
145 18
140 59
141 00
166 06
162 15
156 40
E
E
70
16
70
20
70
28
70 31
70 35
70 37
70 43 1
71
02
71
18
71
21
78 23
73 13
66 12
64 47
62 07
63 08
60 38
34 55
35 10
35 00
35 35
56 33
52 51
35 45
57 00
62 05
5832
51 45
51 09
39 50
39 50
57 01
61 42
71 23
58 19
64 30
62 36
63 37
66 46
41 00
47 30
47 38
61 52
47 52
48 34
60 36
60 03
52 14
54 23
56 39
156 16
1880.66
1891. 48
1890.46
1890.3
1880.64
1880. 65
1883. 16
1849.5
1894.5
1789. 5
1826. 5
1879. 5
1827. 5
1893. 7
1847
1847
1847
1809
1827. 5
1839- 5
1833
1827. 5
1827. 5
1890.6
1892. 3
1895.8
1791.5
1791. 5
1844.4
1827. 5
1879. 6
1843. 5
1826. 5
1826. 5
1826. 5
1889.7
1837. 5
1837. 6
1825. 5
1889. 7
1889.6
1850. 5
1880. 6
1849- 5
1837. 6
1837. 6
1889.6
1853. 7
East
o /
26 49
35 05- o
38 06.8
40 33
25 42.8
30 05. 7
35 37- 2
14 00
10
19 30
20 50
21 08
21 15
20 20
28 15
28 50
27 45
27 30
24 00
26 44
30 00
26 15
25 10
23 40
25
24 35
32 24
32 49
26
30 30
19 05
31 46
29 28
30 18
30 12
23 10
48 23
45 00
43 ^5
28 51
38 40
44 37
38 27
36 41
43 08
42 36
33 40
40 21
Declina-
tion in
1902
Obsen'er or
authority
East
o /
25 00
34 17
3658
39 00
22 41
26 43
31 51
19 51
9 38
23 00
24 27
24 13
I 32
26 54
36 II
31 II
Dall & Baker
J. E. McGrath
H.M.W.Edmonds
J. H. Turner
Dall & Baker
Do.
P..H. Ray
M. D. Tebenkof
A. F. Fechteler
J. H. Cox
F. W. Beechey
G. W. Bailey
F. P. Liitke
Z. L. Tanner
Russian chart
Do.
Do.
Do.
F. P. Liitke
E. Belcher
Russian chart
F. P. Liitke
Do.
U. S. S. Albatross
Z. L. Tanner
F. N. Curtiss
D. A. Malaspina
Do.
Lieut. Zagoskiue
F. P. Lutke
A. Wykander
Lieut. Zagoskine
F. W. Beechey
Do.
Do.
C. H. Stockton
Th. Simpson
Do.
J. Franklin
C. H. Stockton
Do.
R. J . Le M. Maclure
C. L. Hooper
H. Kellett
Th. Simpson
Do.
C. H. Stockton
R. Maguire
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
129
Table of ike most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, ipoz — Continued.
ARIZONA
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
^^ m W
East
East
Group /
/
/
/
/
Nogaies
31 20
no 56
1892. 30
12 24.8
12 08
0. B. French
Yuma
32 44
114 37
1892. 22
13 29.6
13 16
Do.
Group II
*
1
1
Boundary Station 8
31 20
109 15
1892.6
n 56.9
II 40
J. F. Hayford
Boundary Station 9
31 20
109 43
1892.7
12 23. 1
12 07
Do.
Boundary Station 10
31 20
no 10
1892.8
12 18.8
12 03
Do.
Boundary Station 11
31 20
no 34
1892.9
12 04.5
n 48
Do.
Cochise County, SE.
• • • •
1884
12 38
12 12
Mean, 15 stations
Cochise County, SW.
1885
12 20
n 54
Mean, 27 stations
Pima County, SE.
a • •
1880
13 39
1308
Mean, 38 stations
Pima County, central
• •
1886
12 49
12 29
Mean, 26 stations
Cochise County, NE.
• « •
1884
12 51
12 25
Mean, 17 stations
Cochise County, NW.
« •
1880
1258
12 27
Do.
Fort Bowie
32 10
109 20
1873. 5
13 47.9
13 14
G. M. Wheeler
Tucson
32 14
no 58
1901. 2
13 05
13 03
G. E. P. Smith
Pima County, NE.
• •
• • • •
1870
13 17
12 42
Mean, 16 stations
Camp Grant
32 38
109 56
1895
12 25
12 13
Samuel Logan
San Pedro River
32 43
no 34
1873- 5
12 49-3
12 15
S. E. Tillman
Gila Junction
32 43
n4 33
1851.5
12 50
12 44
W. H. Emory
Duncan
32 44
109 06
1895
12 10
II 58
Samuel Logan
Graham County, SE.
• • • •
• • •
1883
12 30
12 02
Mean, 5 stations
Graham County, SW.
• • • •
• • • •
1880
13 24
12 53
Mean, 18 stations
Ynma County, Lower Gila
Valley
Solomonville
• • •
• • •
1881
14 36
14 12
Mean, 27 stations
32 49
109 39
1895
12 25
12 13
Samuel Logan
Safford
32 50
109 44
1895
12 30
12 18
Do.
Pinal County, eastern
• •
• • • • «
1880
14 12
13 41
Mean, 19 stations
Pinal County, western
• •
• • •
1877
13 32
13 07
Mean, 42 stations
Yuma Co., Colorado Valley
• •
• • • • •
1875
13 36
13 II
Mean, n stations
Maricopa County, SW.
• • • •
* • • • •
1882
13 29
1306
Mean, 31 stations
San Pedro
32 59
no 40
1851.5
12 25
12 03
W. H. Emory
Clifton
33 03
109 18
1895
12 17
12 05
Samuel Logan
Camp Thomas
33 03
no 00
1895
12 32
12 20
Do.
Pimos Villages
33 07
ni 44
1851.5
12 52
12 30
W. H. Emory
Graham County, NW.
* • •
• • • •
1875
14 10
13 37
Mean, 2 stations
Graham CoUnty, NE.
• • • «
• « • •
1887
12 30
12 06
Do.
Globe
33 23
no 47
1895
13 30
13 18
County surveyor
S. E. Tillman
Bi^ Hills
33 23
109 55
1873. 5
13 06. I
12 32
Pneto Crossing
33 34
109 55
1873. 5
12 36.3
12 02
Do.
Maricopa County, east
• • • •
•
1876
13 40
13 15
Mean, 40 stations
Gila County, west
• • •
• • a •
1881
14 15
13 45
Mean, 9 stations
Camp Apache
33 47
109 57
1871.5
14 10.7
13 36
D. W. Lock wood
Escudilla Peak
33 59
109 06
1873- 5
12 33.0
n 59
R. L. Hoxie
Bill Williams River
34 13
n3 33
1854. I
13 41
13 32
J. C. Ives
Do.
34 17
n3 26
1854. I
13 24
13 15
Do.
Apache County, south
• • • •
• • • •
1882
13 45 '
13 16
Mean, 58 stations
Navajo County, south
• • «
« • •
1883
13 58
13 30
Mean, 13 stations
Colorado River
34 23
114 06
1854. I
14 08
13 59
J. C. Ives
Yavapai County, SW.
B • •
• « • •
1874
14 05
13 40
Mean, 17 stations
Yavapai County, east
• • •
« • • •
1876
14 16
13 51
Mean, 21 stations
Tule Springs
34 32
109 06
1873.5
13 36. 4
13 02
R. L. Hoxie
Big Sandy River
34 32
n3 28
1854. 1
1358
13 49
J. C. Ives
Bouches Ford
34 33
no 04
1871.5
14 51-5
14.17
D. W. Lockwood
27478 — 02 —
9
I30
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January i, 1^02 — Continued.
ARIZONA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Big Sandy River
34 36
113 28
1854. I
14 02
13 53
J. C. Ives
Camp 130
34 36
114 16
1854.2
13 51
13 4^
Do.
Camp 132
34 46
114 23
1854. 2
13 36
13 27
Do.
Deer Spring
34 50
109 04
1873. 5
13 53-5
13 20
R. L. Hoxie
Camp 135
34 52
114 32
1854. 2
1356
13 47
J. C. Ives
Little Colorado River
34 53
no 04
1853. 9
13 42
13 17
Do.
Rattlesnake Canyon
34 56
112 17
1871.5
14 42.
14 17
D. W. Lockwood
Pueblo Creek
34 56
112 46
1854. I
13 59
13 50
J. C. Ives
Near Puerco River
34 58
109 52
1853.9
14 00
13 35
Do.
Williams River
34 59
112 57
1854. 1
14 48
14 39
Do.
Coconino County, south
Little Colorado River
• • •
• • •
1883
14 40
14 18
Mean, 58 stations
35 00
no 25
1853. 9
13 40
13 15
J. C. Ives
Do.
35 01
no 30
1853. 9
13 21
1256
Do.
Big Horse Spring
35 01
113 36
1854. I
14 18
14 09
Do.
Near Lithodendron Creek
35 02
109 41
1853. 9
13 33
1308
Do.
Camp Mohave
Jacobs Well
35 02
1 14 37
1875.7
14 45
14 20
E. Bergland
35 04
109 14
1853- 9
13 44
13 19
J. C. Ives
Navajo Spring
35 06
109 20
1853. 9
13 23
12 58
Do.
Carrito Creek
35 06
109 32
1853. 9
13 54
13 29
Do.
Williams River
35 07
113 13
r854. I
13 40
13 31
Do.
White Cliff Creek
3508
113 31
1854. I
14 42
14 33
Do.
Lockwood Springs
35 09
112 16
1871.5
14 22.0
13 57
D. W. Lockwood
Navajo County, middle
• • • •
• • • • •
1882
13 53
13 24
Mean, 78 stations
Yavapai County, NW.
• • •
• • • *
1880
14 09
13 44
Mean, 28 stations
Little Colorado River
35 12
no 37
1854.
13 39
13 14
J. C. Ives
Apache County, middle
• • • •
• • • •
1882
14 12
13 43
Mean, 94 stations
Saroux Spring
Little Colorado River
35 17
"I 39
1854.
13 52
13 27
J. C. Ives
35 18
no 53
1854.0
13 42
13 17
Do.
Mohave County, middle
• • •
• • > •
1876
15 00
14 35
Mean, 6 stations
Cedar Creek
35 21
112 20
1854.0
13 49
13 40
J. C. Ives
Canyon Spring
35 45
113 50
1871.5
14 06
13 41
D. W. Lockwood
Moencopie Canyon
36 08
ni 08
1873.5
14 23.7
13 50
R. L. Hoxie
Green Springs
36 IT
in 17
1873. 5
15 28.4
14 55
Do.
Limestone Tanks
36 32
III 32
1873. 5
15 15.7
14 42
Dc.
ARKANSAS
Group I
/
/
Camden
33 35
92 50
Monticello
33 37
91 46
Murfreesboro
34 04
93 42
Pine Bluff
34 15
92 01
Malvern
34 22
92 49
Helena
34 32
90 35
Little Rock
34 44
92 16
Little Rock, fort
34 47
92 18
Searcy
35 15
91 45
Newport
35 36
91 16
Batesville
35 47
91 39
Jonesboro
35 49
90 43
East
East
/
/
1901. 33
6 49.4
6 47
W. Weinrich
1901.31
6 14.5
6 12
Do.
1901. 35
7 08. I
7 06
Do.
1901. 33
6 27. 2
625
Do.
1901. 36
6 03.6
6 01
Do.
1890.37
6 06. 5
5 25
J. B. Baylor
1896.26
6 48.8
6 28
G. R. Putnam
1901. 37
6 35.9
6 34
Wallis& Weinrich
1901. 38
5 57.8
5 56
W. Weinrich
1901. 48
5 22.6
5 21
Do.
1901. 47
6 28.2
6 26
Do.
1901.44
5 17.8
5 16
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
131
Table of the most recent magnetic dedinatums observed in the United States and outlying
territories rediued to Jantiary I y I goz — Continued.*
ARKANSAS— Continued
Station
Lati- ; Longi-
tude ' tude
Group /—Continued
Evening Shade
Walnut Ridge
Para^ould
Corning
Group II
Union County
Ashley County
Columbia County
Lafayette County
Miller County
Chicot County
Texarkana
Bradley County
Ouachtta County
Drew County
Little River County
Hempstead County
Desha County
Prescott
Cleveland County
Lincoln County
Washita or Saline River
Dallas County
Sevier County
Do.
Clark County
Howard County
Pike County
Arkadelphia
Grant County
Jefferson County
Arkansas County
Hot Spring County
Malvern
Phillips County
Polk County
Do.
Montgomery County
Hot Springs
Garland County
Benton
Saline County
Mena
Monroe County
Do.
Clarendon
Lee County
Marianna
Lonoke County
Lonoke
Pulaski County
Williams Landing
/
/
36 04
36 04
36 05
36 25
91 38
90 59
90 32
90 35
33
33
34
24
48
34 06
34 21
34 30
34 33
34 35
34 37
• • »
34 43
• •
34 47 ;
• • •
34 49
• • • •
34 50
94 00
93
92
19
92 59
92 45
93 03
92 35
94 14
91 15
• • • •
91 20
• • • •
90 45
• « • •
91 54
• • •
92 30
Date of !
observa- '
tion
1901- 45
1901. 39
1901. 41
1901. 40
1854
1842
1857
1842
1842
1898
1898.8
1842
1853
1844
1837
1838
1843
1898.8
1844
1840
1804.5
1853
1856
1877
1850
1843
1842
1898.8
1848
1850
1849
1850
1898.8
1844
1844
1877
1845
1895
1845
1898.8
1845
1898.9
1898.7
1845
1888.9
1855
1888.9
1854
1888.9
1853
1870. 3
Declina-
tion ob-
served
6
5
5
5
East
18.7
34.0
51-6
52.4
7 45
8 13
7
7
7
5
6
37
10
47
12.6
54
8 30
7 00
7 50
8 10
8 00
7 05
6 II
8 12
8 40
8 20
7 20
9 05
825
7 40
8 15
7 56
6 55
7 40
8 40
7 24
7 30
5 23
8 05
8 17
835
8 00
7 26
8 20
7
7
7
5
7
6
7
6
01
55
39
00
18
58
30
18
7 10
6 58
7 45
7 16
Declina-
tion in
1902
6
5
5
5
East
17
32
49
50
6
6
6
5
6
5
6
7
5
6
6
6
5
6
6
7
6
5
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
7
5
5
5
6
6
7
6
7
6
6
6
7
4
5
6
6
5
5
6
6
5
15
45
09
42
19
00
43
02
30
20
45
35
36
00
42
12
26
50
36
01
08
46
28
44
08
08
52
58
12
35
47
II
30
03
50
50
25
28
48
48
II
00
31
40
II
15
31
Observer or
authority
W. W'einrich
Do.
Do.
Do.
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 21 stations
Mean, 2 stations
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 18 stations
J. B. Daniels
G. T. Hawkins
I station
Mean, 2 stations
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 5 stations
Mean, 4 stations
G. T. Hawkins
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 7 stations
W. Dunbar
I station
Mean, 4 stations
Boundary survey
Mean, 8 stations
I station
Mean, 11 stations
G. T. Hawkins
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 9 stations
G. T. Hawkins
Mean, 5 stations
Mean, 25 stations
Boundary survey
Mean, 20 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 10 stations
G. T. Hawkins
Mean, 6 stations
G. T. Hawkins
R. S. Watkins
Mean, 9 stations
C. E. Taft
Mean, 2 stations
C. E. Taft
Mean, 16 stations
C. E. Taft
Mean, 12 stations
S. T. Abert
132
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed ifi the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, Igo^ — Continued.
ARKANSAS— Continued
Station
T,aH-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Scott County
• • p •
ft ft ft ft
1844
7 57
6 27
Mean, 25 stations
Do.
• • • •
• • ft ft
1877
8 42
7 18
Boundary survey
Prairie County
• •
ft ft • •
1847
7 35
6 05
Mean, 20 stations
Blues Point
34 50
90 26
1879. 2
6 14
4 55
J. A. Ockerson
Opposite Buck Island
Nefms Triangulation Sta.
34 52
90 20
1879. 1
6 34
5 14
J. Eisenmann
3458
90 15
1879. 2
6 22
5 03
J. H. Darling
Perry County
• *
ft ft ft
1843
8 00
631
Mean, 8 stations
Scanlan Landing
35 02
90 16
1878. 1
657
5 35
C. F. Powell
Forrest City
35 02
90 49
1888.9
6 13
5 26
C. E. Taf t
St. Francis County
> • •
ft ft ft ft
1849
7 22
5 50
Mean, 5 stations
Yell County
ft • • •
• ft ft ft
1839
806
6 39
Mean, 20 stations
Danville
35 03
93 24
1895
6 10
5 47
County surveyor
Isaac Cret* k
35 04
92 39
1870. 3
7 30
5 45
S. T. Abert
Stouts Landing
35 07
92 50
1870. 3
7 44
5 59
Do.
Crittenden County
• • •
« ft ft
1845
7 40
6 10
Mean, 2 stations
Woodruff County
• • • •
• • ft ft
1843
7 40
6 II
Mean, 11 stations
Faulkner County
• « •
ft ft ft ft
1847
7 48
6 18
Mean, 6 stations
Sebastian County
• • ft •
ft ft ft
1877
852
7 28
Boundary survey
Greenwood
35 12
94 16
1889.0
748
7 02
C. E. Taft
Wynne
35 14
90 47
1901
5 35
5 32
Newsom & Co.
Logan County
• « • ft
ft ft ft «
1841
825
657
Mean, 8 stations
White County
« • ft ft
ft ft ft ft
1851
7 10
5 39
Mean, 16 stations
Hog Thief Bend
35 17
93 03
1870. 3
8 19
6 34
S. T. Abert
Delaware Creek
35 17
93 15
1870. 3
825
6 40
Do.
Charleston
35 18
94 04
1889.0
758
7 12
C. E. Taft
Cross County
• • • ft
ft ft ft ft
1846
7 30
6 00
Mean, 8 stations
Shoal Creek
35 20
93 25
1870. 3
8 30
6 45
S. T. Abert
Roseville
35 22
93 47
187a 3
8 50
7 05
Do.
Profile Rock
35 23
93 31
1870. 3
8 34
6 49
Do.
Fort Smith
35 23
94 26
1889.0
823
7 37
C. E. Taft
Pope County
• ft ft ft
ft ft • ft
1843
7 40
6 II
Mean, 8 stations
Earns Landing
35 27
94 04
1870. 3
9 00
7 15
S. T. Abert
Clarksville
35 28
93 3«
1889.0
7 18
632
C. E. Taft
Franklin County
1845
8 00
6 30
Mean, 6 stations
Cleburne County
1843
7 35
6 06
Mean, 12 stations
Crawford County
1877
9 15
7 51
Boundary' survey
Johnson County
1844
7 40
6 10
Mean, 9 stations
Van Buren County
1843
7 35
6 06
Mean, 14 stations
Poinsett County
1848
7 35
6 04
Mean, 18 stations
Snapp
35 36
91 13
1895
5 54
5 31
County surveyor
Jackson County
1840
7 25
558
Mean, 12 stations
Mississippi County
Independence County
1844
1853
7 48
7 20
6 18
5 50
Mean, 32 stations
Mean, 13 stations
Craighead County
1849
7 00
5 28
Do.
Stone County
1844
7 30
6 00
Mean, 2 stations
Searcy County
1844
7 35
6 05
Mean, 12 stations
Washington County
1877
9 10
7 46
Boundary survey
Newton County
1844
7 36
6 06
Mean, 27 stations
Madison County
1841
7 50
6 22
Do.
Fayetteville
36 02
94 09
1889.0
758
7 12
A. Winslow
Lawrence County
1848
7 15
5 44
Mean, 12 stations
Izard County
1852
7 10
5 39
Mean, 4 stations
Sharp County
1853
7 30
6 00
Mean, 6 stations
Buffalo
36 12
92 30
1878. 5
8 00
6 39
Sutler &Wellman
Greene County
• • • •
• t • .
1855
7 25
5 55
Mean, 11 stations
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
133
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, ipo2 — Continued.
ARKANSAS— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Marion County
• *
1840
7 43
6 16
Mean, 23 stations
Baxter County
• •
1845
853
6 23
Boundary survey
Do.
• • • •
1847
8 10
6 40
One stabon
Benton County
• • m %
1877
9 33
8 09
Boundary survey
Boone County
• • • •
1846
7 56
6 26
Mean, 12 stations
Randolph County
'. . . .
1852
7 20
5 49
Mean, 5 stations.
Carroll County
> •
1845
8 00
6 30
Mean, 15 stations
Berry ville
36 24
93 38
1901. 2
706
7 03
J. B. Potter
Clay County
• •
1846
7 25
5 55
Mean, 13 stations
Fulton County
. . . .
1852
738
607
Mean, 6 stations
Do.
i845
8 17
5 47
Boundary survey
CA]
[.IFORNIA
Group I
/
/
East
/
East
/
San Diego, La Pla3ra
32 42
117 14
1897. 12
13 30. 9
33 31
0. B. French
San Diego
32 43
117 10
1892.09
13 56. 4
1356
G. R. Putnam
Foster
32 54
116 55
1897. 13
14 21.8
14 22
0. B. French
Oceanside
33 12
117 24
1897. II
14 56. 6
14 57
Do.
Capistrano
33 30
117 40
1897. II
14 31- 1
14 31
Do.
Newport Beach
33 36
117 55
1897. 10
14 30. 6
14 31
Do.
Elsinore
33 40
117 20
1897. 16
13 53. 4
13 53
Do.
Indio
33 43
116 12
1897. 17
14 15.7
14 16
Do.
San Pedro
33 44
118 17
1897.09
.14 32. 2
14 32
Do.
San Jacinto
33 47
116 57
1897. 15
14. II. 3
14 II
Do.
Los Angeles, SB. Base
33 48
117 57
1890.33
13 25. 6
1326
L J. Gilbert
Throckmorton
Dominguez Hill
33 52
118 14
1870. 18
15 20. 8
15 24
Los Angeles, NW. Base
33 55
118 04
1890.43
14 27. 2
14 27
I. Winston
Santa Monica
34 01
118 30
1897.08
14 34.7
14 35
0. B. French
Los Angeles, magnetic obsy .
34 03
118 15
1889.38
14 23.
14 23
R. E. Halter
Los Angeles
34 04
118 15
1892. 14
14 27. 4
14 27
G. R. Putnam
North Pomona
34 06
117 45
1897.08
14 41. 7
14 42
0. B. French
San Bernardino
34 06
117 18
1897.07
14 35. 3
14 35
Do.
Ventura
34 17
119 18
1897. 02
14 48.3
1448
H. P. Ritter
Saugus
34 24
118 33
1897. 03
14 48. 3
1448
Do.
Santa Barbara
34 25
119 42
1897. 02
14 58. 4
1458
Do.
Point Conception
34 27
120 27
1872. 93
14 51.8
14 53
Throckmorton
Bagdad
34 35
115 53
1897. 03
14 29. 6
14 30
0. B. French
Oro Grande
34 35
117 20
1897.06
15 18. 7
15 19
Do.
Palmdale
34 35
118 07
1897. 05
14 50. 8
14 51
H. P. Ritter
Los Olivos
34 40
120 07
1897. 01
15 12. 1
15 12
Do.
Needles
34 50
114 36
1895. 18
14 13- 7
14 14
E. Smith
Barstow
34 54
117 01
1897. 02
14 52. 8
14 53
0. B. French
Blake
34 55
115 04
1897.06
14 41. 1
14 41
Do.
Santa Maria
34 58
120 26
1897.00
15 28, 1
15 28
H. P. Ritter
Kramer
34 59
117 36
1897. 02
14 57- 3
14 57
0. B. French
Cal . & Nev. Bound. 35* Post
35 00
114 39
1893. 48
14 37. 3
14 37
C. H. Sinclair
Mojave
35 03
118 10
1897. 05
15 00.6
15 01
H. P. Ritter
Port Harford
35 10
120 45
1896.98
15 06.0
1506
Do.
San Luis Obispo
35 II
120 44
' 1881. 29
15 36. 7
15 37
H. E. Nichols
Manvel
35 17
115 14
. X897,04
16 02. 8
16 03
0, B. French
134
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories redticed to January 7, 1^02 — Continued.
CALIFORNIA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Group I — Continued
Caliente
Asphalto
Santa Margarita
Delano
Bradley
San Lucas
Huron
Visalia
Soledad
Mount Toro
Monterey
Point Pinos
Salinas
Fresno
Mendota
Hollister
Santa Cruz
Madera
Volta
Loma Prieta
San Jose
Merced
Mt. Hamilton, Lick Obsy
Sierra Morena
Mocho
Modesto
Altamont
Presidio, San Francisco
Mount Diablo
Mount Taraalpais
Mount Conness
Stockton
San Rafael
Punta de los Reyes
Milton
Mare Island Navy -Yard
Tomales Bay
Fairfield
Napa
Boaega
Vaca
Santa Rosa
Ross Mountain
Sacramento
Woodland
Monticello
Placerville
Auburn
Point Arena
Lake Tahoe
Lake Tahoe, southeast
Cold Spring
Ukiah
Marvsville
Colusa
35
18
35
19
35
23
35 47
35
51
36
08
36
13
36
21
36
26
36
32
3636
3638
36 40
36
44
36 46
36
51
36
57
36
59
37 07
37 07
37
16
37
18
37
20
37
24
37 29
37
38
37 45
37
48
37 53
37 55
37
58
37
58
37 59
3«
00
38
03
38
06
38
II
38
15
38
17
38
18
38
22
38 27
38
30
38
33
38 40
38
40
38 45
38
55
38
55
38
55
38
57
39
01
39
08
39 09
39
12
18 38
19 36
20 37
19 16
20 48
21 01
20 06
19 17
21 20
21 36
21 54
21 56
21 40
19 48
20 22
21 28
22 02
20 03
20 56
21 51
21 53
20 28
21 38
22 18
21 33
20 59
21 40
22 27
21 55
22 36
19 19
21 17
22 33
22 59
20 51
22 16
22 57
22 02
22 15
23 00
22 05
22 43
23 07
21 29
21 47
22 II
20 48
21 04
23 42
20 05
19 57
23 31
23 13
21 36
22 02
897.06
897.08
896.97
897.09
896.96
896.95
897.11
897. 10
896.94
885.08
896.04
873- 66
896.93
897. 13
897. 14
896.89
896.92
897. 16
897. 15
884.18
896.89
897. 17
900.93
884.03
887.66
897.19
897.20
898.17
884.91
879. 84
890.66
897.22
897.68
853.1
897. 21
887.28
857. 10
897. 73
898.05
860.56
880.89
897.46
860. 04
897.79
89H. 03
880.77
897.77
897-75
889.12
879. 72
895. 83
891.80
897. 71
897.80
898.00
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
o /
15 09-0
15 35. 7
15 54. 1
15 34.9
15 59.0
16 02. 1
16 05.8
15 59- 1
16 14.8
15 56.8
16 14.6
15 55.3
16 17.7
15 53-3
16 13.9
16 09. I
16 31.3
15 32.2
17 05. I
16 06. I
17 48.5
15 33.4
16 27
16 38. 6
16 35.4
16 26.0
17
16
16
16
15
16
17
15
15
17
16
17
17
16
17
17
16
16
18
17
18
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
Observer or
authority
II. 4
55.0
42.5
00
15.4
57.8
II. 3
35
37.6
07.6
00.4
33.0
38.4
i8.8
II. 6
28.5
23.2
05.6
10. o
12.8
20.4
40.5
12. 7
48
16 57. 2
17 23.6
45- o
53.7
17
17
16
17
16
18 07. 2
09
36
54
41
05
08
12
05
21
14
22
23
24
59
20
15
37
38
II
24
55
39
27
56
51
32
17
00
00
20
28
04
17
35
44
24
53
39
44
05
31
34
10
II
15
33
26
46
15
54
00
25
45
54
8 07
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
5
7
6
7
5
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
6
5
7
7
6
5
7
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
6
8
7
8
7
7
6
7
7
7
6
H. P. Ritter
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
F. Morse
Do.
Throckmorton
H. P. Ritter
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do,
R. A. Marr
H. P. Ritter
Do.
L. A. Bauer
R. A. Marr
F. Morse
H. P. Ritter
Do.
Do.
R. A. Marr
E. Hergesheimer
I. Winston
H. P. Ritter
Do.
Davidson, Lawson
H. P. Ritter
C. C. Marsh
G. Davidson
H. P. Ritter
Do.
G. Davidson
E. F. Dickins
H. P. Ritter
G. Davidson
H. P. Ritter
Do.
J. J. Gilbert
H. P. Ritter
Do.
R. A. Marr
E. Hergesheimer
C H. Sinclair
E. F. Dickins
H. P. Ritter
Do.
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
135
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, ipo2 — Continued.
CALIFORNIA— Continued
Station
Group /—Continued
Blue Canyon
Nevada City
Snow Mountain, vsrest
Oroville
Willows
Red Bluff
Mount Lassie
Cape Mendocino
Reddin?
Humboldt, Red Bluff
Bucksport
Eureka
Group II
Camp Riley
San Diego County, east
San Diego County, west
San Isabel
Orange County
Riverside County
Riverside
Los Angeles County
Santa Barbara
Ventura County
San Bernardino Co., SB.
San Bernardino Co., SW.
Santa Barbara County
Old Fort Tejon
Soda Lake
Pai-ute Creek
Tchachipai Valley
Los Angeles and Calientes
Road
Near Marl Springs
Kern County, east
Kern County, west
Desert Sprin^^s
San Bernardino Co. , NE.
San Bernardino Co. , NW.
San Luis Obispo County
Indian Well
Saratoga Springs
Penammt Valley
Tulare County, east
Inyo County, south
Wild Rose Spring
Passniore Post-Omce
Hanford
Monterey County
Furnace Creek
Cerro Gordo Landing
Fresno County, west
Lone Pine Camp
Camp Indepenc&nce
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
39 15
39 17
39 22
39 30
39 31
40 12
40 20
40 26
40 36
40 45
40 47
40 48
32 36
33 09
• • •
33 47
33 58
• • •
34 25
/
120
47
121
02
122
46
121
34
122
12
122
15
34 52
35 03
35 06
35 07
35 08
35 II
35 18
35 40
35 41
36 05
36 16
36 17
36 20
« • •
36 26
36 28
• • •
36 36
36 50
123 33
124 24
122 24
124 13
124 12
124 10
"7 05
•
116 38
• • •
116 56
117 22
119 42
"8 55
115 59
114 54
118 28
118 09
115 33
117 57
117 53
116 26
117 14
• • • • •
• • • • •
117 11
118 00
119 39
• • «
116 51
"7 51
• • • • •
118 04
118 13
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
1881. 27
1897. 74
1892.41
1897. 82
1897.98
1897.84
1892. 73
1886.27
1897. 96
1854. 33
1853. 55
1871. 58
849.5
876
868
852.5
880
900.5
S96
883
901.3
876
882
865
884
875.5
854.2
854.2
875- 5
875.5
854.2
880
882
871.5
865
859
879
875.5
871.5
875.5
873
877
875.5
875.5
887
882
875.5
875.5
868
875.5
871.5
Observer or
authority
East
/
East
/
15 38. 4
15 42
Eimbeck & Marr
17 57. 1
17 57
H. P. Ritter
18 00.3
18 02
E. F. Dickins
17 24.8
17 25
H. P. Ritter
18 14. 1
18 14
Do.
18 29. 6
18 30
Do.
19 38. 9
19 40
E. F. Dickins
18 00.5
18 06
F. Morse
18 31.5
18 32
H. P. Ritter
17 04.5
17 58
Davidson & Tod
17 06.5
18 01
G. Davidson
18 42.4
19 03
Do.
12 57
13 26
W. H. Emory
13 46
13 34
I station
13 23
13 28
Mean, 5 stations
12 34
12 59
W. H. Emory
14 00
14 00
Mean, 2 stations
14 30
14 30
G . M. Pearson
14 30
14 30
County surveyor
14 40
14 40
Mean, 4 stations
15 12
15 12
F. F. Flournoy
15 04
1505
Mean, 2 stations
14 46
14 34
Mean, 6 stations
14 00
14 08
I station
14 45
14 45
Mean, 6 stations
14 54. 5
14 56
G. M. Wheeler
13 51
14 13
J. C. Ives
14 17
14 39
Do.
14 12.0
14 13
A. W. Whipple
14 47. 7
14 49
R. Birnie
13 59
14 21
J. C. Ives
15 02
15 02
Mean, 9 stations
15 40
15 40
Mean, 5 stations
15 31
15 33
D. W. Lockwood
14 17
14 25
Mean, 4 stations
15 50
16 04
I station
1506
15 27
Mean, 6 stations
15 12.5
15 14
Engineer officer
15 05
1506
D. W. Lockwood
15 10.6
15 12
R. Birnie
14 35
15 03
I station
15 15
15 16
Mean, 14 stations
15 19.2
15 21
R. Birnie
14 54
14 55
Engineer officer
15 30
15 46
County surveyor
15 49
16 07
Mean, 5 stations
15 41
15 42
R. Birnie
15 18.7
15 20
Do.
16 12
16 46
Mean, 2 stations
15 20
15 45
Engineer officer
15 33. 7
16 04 1
Do.
136
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igoz — Continued.
C ALIFORN I A— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Inyo County, north
Off Santa Cruz
Fresno County, east
Santa Clara County
San Mateo County
Stanislaus County
Mariposa County
Alameda County
Mono Lake
Mono County
Contra Costa County
New York
Marin County
Tuolumne Countj'
Opposite Mare I. Navy- Yd.
Suisun City
Solano County
Do.
Calaveras County
Solano County
Barbers
Railroad Flat
Solano County
Amador County
Napa County
St. Helena
Sonoma County
Sacramento County
Alpine County
Eldorado County
Yolo County
Armstrong Ranch
Yanks Landg. , Lake Tahoe
Rowland
Rubicon Point
Lusks
Placer County
Sutter County
Lake County
Yuba
Colusa County
Mendocino County, south
Boundary monument, north
shore, Lake Tahoe
Hot Springs
Cisco
Yuba County
Nevada County
Willows
Glenn County
Do.
Sierra County
Butte County
Mendocino Co., north
Orland
Lati-
tude
3656
38 50
3856
3857
39 00
39 02
• • •
39 09
39 n
39 14
39 19
• • • •
• •
39 31
39 31
39 31
• • • •
39 45
Longi-
tude
37 51
38 03
3806
38 II
38 II
38 18
38 19
38 21
38 24
38 29
121 57
118 58
121 49
122 16
122 02
122 15
• • • •
• • • •
121 56
121 30
120 30
122 01
• • • •
• • •
122 28
119 47
120 03
119 59
120 06
120 07
Date of
ol)serva-
tion
121 39
• • •
• • • •
120 00
120 01 ;
120 33
122
12
122
00
122
30
• • •
• •
• •
• •
122
» •
12
880
891.8
878
880
865
866
875
864
900
885
869
850.0
863
874
888.8
850.0
894. 2
875
872
889.9
850.0
884
883.7
873
879
901.3
860
880
877
870
872
877.0
876.5
876.5
876.5
876.5
871
874
880
894
884
874
876.5
876. 5
877.5
879
868
901
901
901
867
868
892
892
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
o /
6 09
6 15
5 34
6 20
45
20
40
07
00
02
40
41.8
52
00
7 14
5 40.5
7 30
7 00
6 20
7
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
6
5
7
5
6
7
5
30
20.0
36
30
15
54
55
22
00
45
18
00
45
51
51
37
37
06
25
15
15
43
06
51
8 01
7 II
7 06
7 07
8 05
8 05
7 30
7 05
7 00
8 03
7 40
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
6
7
7
6
7
6
7
6
7
6
7
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
6
5
7
5
6
7
5
29
27
56
40
24
57
06
47
02
19
13
48
34
27
29
46
39
26
49
44
26
53
48
43
15
56
08
20
08
50
29
52
59
59
46
46
20
42
25
16
49
23
59
8 10
7 20
7 17
7 25
8 05
8 05
7 30
7 25
7 26
8 04
7 41
Observer or
authority
Mean, 5 stations
Z.L. Tanner
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 20 stations
I station
Do.
Mean, 2 stations
Mean, 3 stations
J. G. Thompson
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 7 stations
Chart, C. Ringold
Mean, 3 stations -
Mean, 7 stations
G. F. F. Wilde
Chart, C. Ringold
E. N. Eager
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 5 stations
E. N. Eager
Chart, C. Ringold
County surveyor
E. N. Eager
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 5 stations
J. M. Graham
Mean, 2 stations
Mean, 4 stations
I station
Mean, 8 stations
I station
Engineer officer
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Mean, 16 stations
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 2 stations
C. W. Guptill
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 8 stations
Engineer officer
Do.
J. N. Macomb
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 5 stations
J. F. Weston
Do.
Do.
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 2 stations
County surveyor
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
137
TcMe of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January z, igoz — Continued.
CALIFORNIA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Plumas County
• • • •
• fl •
1868
17 06
17 24
Mean, 9 stations
Shelter Cove
40 03
124 09
1792. 3
15 00
• • •
G. Vancouver
Tehama County
• • • •
• • • •
.1869
17 41
18 05
Mean, 5 stations
Red Bluff
40 12
122 15
1901
18 30
18 30
W. F. Luning
Susanville
40 25 1
120 40
1877. 5
18 21
18 34
Engineer officer
Lassen County
« • •
• •
1869
17 24
17 40
Mean, 16 stations
Trinity County
• • • •
• • •
1873
18 15
1833
Mean, 3 stations
Shasta County
1
• • • •
1
• • • • •
1869
17 34
17 58
Mean, 7 stations
Humboldt County
• • • 1
• • • •
1861
17 23
18 02
Mean, 5 stations
Humboldt Bay, entrance
40 45
124 14
1895.8
18 18
18 18
Engineer officer
Duflot de Mofras
Off Trinidad
41 07
124 16
1841. 5
16 00
17 28
Modoc County
• •
• • > •
1872
17 22
17 35
Mean, 11 stations
Siskiyou County, east
1
• • • •
1887
18 50
18 54
Mean, 2 stations
Siskiyou County, west
• « • •
• • • •
1875
19 36
19 52
I station
Yreka
41 44 ;
122 40
1894
19 34
19 35
County svu^eyor
Fort Bidwell
41 52
120 09
1877.5
17 53
18 06
T. W. Symons
CO
LORADO
^~^ a y
East
East
Group I
/
/
/
/
Conejos
37 06
106 01
1899.89
13 01.8
12 57
J. A. Fleming
Trinidad
37 10
104 30
1888.86
13 46.6
13 14
J. B. Baylor
Springfield
37 24
102 36
1900.88
12 36.4
12 34
W. C. Dibrell
West Las Animas
38 04
103 13
1888.81
12 59.8
12 27
J. B. Baylor
Uncompahgre
38 04
107 28
1895. 64
14 53. 7
14 39
R. L. Faris
Lamar
3805
102 37
1900.87
12 04.7
12 02
W. C. Dibrell
Pueblo
38 14
104 38
1899.88
12 50.9
12 46
J. A. Fleming
Plateau
38 23
104 33
1894.60 •
13 02.5
12 44
F. D. Granger
Mount Ouray
38 25
106 14
1894.57
14 17.8
14 02
R. L. Faris
Sheridan T^ke
38 28
102 17
1900.86
12 16. I
12 13 •
W. C. Dibrell
Gunnison
38 33
106 56
1886.46
14 43. 2
14 08
E. Smith
Arapahoe
3846
102 05
1892. 65
13 18.0
12 54
F. W. Perkins
First View
3848
102 32
1892. 85
12 15.4
II 52
Do.
Cheyenne Wells
38 49
102 20
1900.85
12 08.4
12 06
W. C. Dibrell
Colorado Springs
3850
104 49
1886.52
14 23.6
13 46
E. Smith
Pikes Peak
38 50
105 03
1895. 57
13 55.0
1338
J. Nelson
Chiquita
3854
108 39
1895. 41
14 49-4
14 34
W. Eimbeck
Cheyenne Wells
3857
102 24
1892.82
12 39.2
12 18
F. W. Perkins
Landsman
38 57
102 35
1892. 77
12 38. I
12 17
Do.
Mount Treasury
39 00
107 06
1893.66
14 22.2
14 03
R. L. Faris
Monotony
39 02
102 14
1892.66
12 33.5
12 09
F. W. Perkins
Grand Junction
39 04
108 34
1895. 38
14 39. 9
14 25
R. L. Faris
Mount Elbert
39 07
106 27
1894.55
15 oi- 1
14 44
P. A. Welker
Burlington
39 18
102 16
1900.85
12 15.8
12 13
W. C. Dibrell
Tavaputs
39 32
109 00
1891.80
14 58. 2
14 35
P. A. Welker
Gerdts
39 42
102 40
1900.84
13 39.2
1336
W. C. Dibrell
Denver
39 46
104 54
1899.87
14 01.8
1356
J. A. Fleming
W. C. Dibrell
Yuma
40 08
102 41
1900.83
12 58.4
1256
Akron
40 10
103 13
1900.83
13 06.4
13 04
Do.
Greeley
40 26
104 40
1878. 69
14 33. 7
13 42
J. B. Baylor
Sterling
40 37
103 13
1900.83
13 03- 9
13 01
W. C. Dibrell
138
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the rnost recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January I ^ IQ02 — Continued.
COLORADO— Continued
Station
1
1
Lati-
tude
1
Longi-
tude
/
Date of
observa-
tion '
Group II
/ ,
1
La Costilla
37 00
105 30
1872. 1
Colonas Ferry
37 05
105 45
1877. 5
San Luis
37 13
105 26
1895
Conejos Count
• • • •
• • « •
1876
Purgatoire River, head of
37 18
104 19
1873. 5
north fork
Las Animas County, east
1871
Las Animas County, west
1869
Baca County
1873
La Plata County
1879
Montezuma County
• •
1880
Mancos
37 21
108 18
1895
Jan Juan River
37 23
106 46
1874.5
Costilla County
• •
* • • •
187 1
Fort Garland
37 26
105 26
1873. 5
San Juan River
37 26
106 47
1874. 5
East Boundary
37 30
102 03
1872.9
Cucharas River
37 30
105 OI
1833-5
Dolores River
37 31
108 04
1874. 5
La Veta Creek
37 32
105 03
1873- 5
Rio Grande County
• • • •
• > •
1874,
Huerfano County
• •
• • mm
1866
La Loma
37 41
106 14
1873- 5
Del Norte
37 41
106 21
1895
Simpson Peak
37 41
107 22
1874. 5
Diana Creek
37 42
107 48
1874. 5
Rio Grande
37 45
107 27
1874. 5
San Juan County
• « •
• • #
1875
Dolores County
• • •
« • •
1885
East Boundary
37 47
102 03
1872.9
Dolores River
37 47
107 57
1874. 5
San Juan mines
37 50
107 35
1873.5
Hinsdale County
• • •
• • • •
1881
Prowers County
• • •
• • • • «
• » • •
Bent County
• • •
• • • •
1871
San Miguel County
• • *
• • • •
1881
La Junta
38 00
103 32
1900.5
Wet Mountain Valley
38 02
105 25
1873. 5
Saguache, Craigs Ranch
38 02
106 37
1873. 5
Ouray
3803
107 41
1895
Custer County
38 03
105 17
1901. 2
Do.
• • • •
• * •
1871
T^as Animas
38 04
103 n
1889. 7
Otero County
• • • •
• • • • •
1871
Saguache County
• • • •
• • • « •
1876
East Boundary
38 08
102 03
1872. 9
Fort Lyon
38 08
102 50
1866.5
Pueblo County
• •
• • • •
1869
Ouray County
• • • •
• • • •
1881
Los Pinos Indian Agency
38 12
106 49
1874. 5
East Boundary
38 15
102 03
1872. 9
Hayden Creek
38 20
105 47
1874- 5
Montrose County, west
• • •
• • • •
1888
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
autliority
East
o /
4
I
3
4
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
4
4
4
5
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
26
04.2
14
22.8
25
34
45
32
20
22
58.4
II
07. 1
01
30
00.6
00
07.3
16
27
53
59
30
32
50
05
20
00
09.6
38.6
26
3 40
4 20
2 45
4 20
4 34.7
3 55
30
21
58
56
10
05
30
37
46
50
10
05.5
24
East
o /
3 32
o 16
2 58
3 18
3 24
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
I
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
I
3
3
3
2
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
I
3
3
4
4
2
25
32
47
50
39
07
12
16
15
15
22
03
14
09
30
30
00
43
44
46
04
19
46
52
24
52
46
15
40
40
41
28
42
40
28
26
27
56
25
57
26
35
06
04
02
3 14
3 55
C. J. Moore
Engineer officer
County surveyor
Mean, 5 stations
W. L. Marshall
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 3 stations
County surveyor
W. L. Marshall
Mean, 7 stations
W. L. Marshall
Do.
J. J. Major
W. L. Marshall
A. W. Whipple
W. L. Marshall
Mean, 9 stations
Mean, 6 stations
W. L. Marshall
Countv surveyor
W. L. Marshall
Do.
Do.
Mean, 2 stations
Mean, 4 stations
J. J. Major
A. W. Whipple
W. L. Marshall
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 5 stations
Mean, 4 stations
F. F. Lewis
W. L.MarshaU
Do.
County surv^eyor
Carl Wulsten
Mean, 4 stations
F. F. Lewis
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 14 stations
J. J. Major
J. Prince
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 3 stations
W. L. Marshall
J. J. Major
W. L. Marshall
Mean, 8 stations
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN INITED STATES.
139
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to Jannary /, igo2 — Continued.
COLORADO— Continued
Station
Lati- I Longi-
tude I tude
Group II — Continued
Kiowa County
Fremont County
East Boundary
Arkansas River
Montrose County, east
Gunnison County
Currant Creek
High Creek
Delta
Lincoln County, south
Chaffee County
Buffalo Slough
Cheyenne County
El Paso County
Paonia
Delta County, average
20 miles north of Delta
East Boundary
Grand Junction
Mesa County, east
Lake County
Pitkin County
Aspen
Park County
Fairplay
Alma
Lincoln County, north
Kit Carson County
Douglas County
Elbert County
East Boundary
Breckinridge
Jefferson County
Garfield County, west
Garfield County, east
Eagle County
Summit County
Golden
Clear Creek Count v
Arapahoe County, east
Arapahoe County, middle
Ara]>ahoe County, west
Gilpin County
East Boundary
Do.
Do.
Do.
Rio Blanco County, east
Boulder
Boulder County
Toponas
Grand County
Yuma, Meridian Line
38 52
' • • • •
, 39 00
39 01
39 04
39 "
• • •
39 14
39 15
• « • •
39 26
39 28
• t •
* •
39 52
39 54
o /
38 48 ! 105 42
107 36
• • • •
108 00
102 03
108 34
106 50
• • • •
106 00
106 02
« • •
102 03
106 02
39 45 105 13
38 25 ;
38 28 1
• «
102 03
105 51
• •
38 40
38 41 '
3845
• • • •
105 30 :
105 18 1
108 03
• • •
• • • •
I
102 03
102 03 1
39 57
39 59
102 03
102 03
• • •
40 01
• • •
105 16
• • • «
40 04
• • •
iq6 48
• • •
40 08
• • • •
102 41 '
Date of
observa-
tion
871
877
872.8
873-5
884
882
873.5
873.5
900
870
876
873. 5
870
869
900
901
900
872.8
895
892
875
891
895
872
879.5
895
870
870 ,
866
866
872.8
900
865
894
890
890
891
900. 7
867
871
862
860
867
872.8
872.8
872.8
872.8
883
901. 2
866
895
879
901. o
Declina-
Declina-
y^l
tion ob-
served
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
East
/
F.ast
/
13 25
12 25
Mean, 2 stations
14 27
1338
Mean, 7 stations
13 30
12 22
J. J. Major
14 41
13 48
W. L. Marshall
14 25
13 50
Mean, 5 stations
14 44
14 06
Mean, 13 stations
14 24. I
13 32
W. L. Marshall
15 0O-7
14 08
Do.
M 32
14 28
J. A. Curtiss
14 12
13 TO
Mean, 7 stations
15 T2
14 27
Mean, 4 stations
14 24. 7
13 32
W. L. Marshall
13 50
12 38
Mean, 4 stations
14 57
14 01
Mean, 9 stations
15 15
15 "
J. A. Curtiss
14 35
U 34
Do.
14 25
14 21
Do.
13 30
12 22
J. J. Major
14 48
14 31
County surveyor
15 05
14 43
Mean, 4 stations
15 40
14 49
I station
15 02
14 38
Mean, 3 stations
15 00
14 44
County surveyor
15 36
14 43
Mean, 8 stations
14 26
13 40
Engineer officer
13 50
13 34
W. H. Powless
14 10
13 08
Mean, 2 stations
14 00
12 48
Do.
15 10
14 13
Mean, 6 stations
14 22
13 25
Mean, 7 stations
13 35
12 27
J. J. Major
14 GO
1356
G. B. Walker
14 56
13 59
Mean, 5 stations
15 20
15 03
Mean, 2 stations
15 25
14 59
Mean, 4 stations
14 51
14 25
Do.
14 30
14 06
Mean, 2 stations
14 14
14 II
R. S. Stockton
15 02
14 05
Mean, 2 stations
14 10
13 10
Mean, 14 stations
14 30
13 24
Do.
15 05
1358
Mean, 11 stations
15 02
14 05
Mean, 2 stations
; 14 05
12 57
J. J. Major
14 00
12 52
Do.
14 00
12 52
Do.
14 10
13 02
Do.
15 10
14 33
Mean, 2 stations
14 30
14 28
G. W. Teal
15 06
14 09
Mean, 10 stations
14 30
14 14
County surveyor
15 03
14 21
Mean, 11 stations
12 58
12 56
Ira Edwards
140
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
TabU of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, 1^2 — Continued.
Station
Group //—Continued
Yuma, Weld Avenue
Yuma County
Washington County
Weld County, southwest
Morgan County
Fort Morgan
Loveland
Greeley
Phillips County
Routt County, east
Routt County, west
Larimer County, east
Larimer County, west
Logan County
Weld County, northeast
Weld County, northwest
Sedgwick County
Northern Boundary
COLORADO— Continued
Lati-
tude
o /
40 08
• • «
40 15
40 23
40 26
41 00
Longi-
tude
o /
102 41
• • •
• • * • •
• • • • •
• • •
103 47
105 04
104 41
105 00
Date of
Declina-
Declina-
Observer or
authority
observa-
tion
tion ob-
served
tion in
1902
East
East
/
/
1901. 2
12 00
II 58
Ira Edwards
1866
14 30
13 26
Mean, 6 stations
1868
14 40
13 37
Mean, 11 stations
1861
15 05
13 59
Mean, 13 stations
1871
15 05
14 05
Mean, 12 stations
1900
14 08
14 04
R. F. Walter
1900
14 15
14 II
Do.
1900
14 12
14 08
Do.
1872
14 40
13 41
I station
1887
15 26
14 55
Mean, 17 stations
1891
15 18
14 54
I station
1865
15 14
14 17
Mean, 9 stations
1877
15 00
14 16
Mean, 2 stations
1870
14 46
13 44
Mean, 5 stations
1870
15 30
14 28
I station
1864
15 10
14 05
Mean, 11 stations
1880
14 20
13 31
Mean, 2 stations
1866.5
15 15
14 II
John Prince
CONNECTICUT
Group I
Stamford
Round Hill
Norwalk
Black Rock
Bridgeport
Millford
Saybrook
Tashua
Sachem's Head
Fort Wooster
Oyster Point
New Haven
Groton Point
Stonington
Wooster
Sandford
Westfield
Schoolhouse Hill
Taylor
Hartford a
Box Hill
Ivy
Bald Hill
Group II
Toilsome Hill
Double Beach
41 04
41 06
41 07
41 09
41 10
41 14
41 16
41 16
41 17
41 17
41 17
41 18
41 18
41 20
41 21
41 28
41 34
41 40
41 40
41 46
41 48
41 52
41 58
41 12
41 14
73 32
73 40
73 25
73 13
73 II
73 04
72 21
73 15
72 44
72 54
72 56
72 55
72 05
71 54
73 29
72 57
72 43
72 41
72 35
72 40
72 27
73 14
72 12
73 13
72 51
1844. 70
1833. 52
1844. 70
1845. 72
1845.71
1845.72
1845.63
1863.69
1845.64
1848. 64
1855.63
1895.65
1845.62
1845. 60
1864. 59
1862.77
1891.73
1891.73
1891.79
1890.78
1861.79
1863. 58
1861.71
1880.5
1884.55
West
o /
6
5
6
6
6
6
6
36.0
43
49.4
53.5
19.3
38.3
49.9
8 02.5
6 15.2
25.5
02.7
36.3
29.5
38.1
37.6
01.7
46
49
28
01.5
8 30.4
8 25.7
8 50.4
8 54
9 25.8
7
7
9
7
7
7
7
9
9
9
9
West
o /
9 57
9 48
10 10
10 10
9 36
9 55
10 06
10 04
9 32
10 30
938
9 51
10 46
10 55
9 36
9 07
10 10
10 13
9 52
9 28
10 40
10 28
11 00
9 51
10 II
J. Renwick
F. R. Hassler
J. Renwick
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Dean & Lyman
J. Renwick-
J. S. Ruth
C. A. Schott
J. B. Baylor
J. Renwick
Do.
R. E. Halter
E. Goodfellow
W. C. Hodgkins
Do.
Do.
J. B. Baylor
Dean & Halter
Dean & Lyman
Dean & Halter
J. P. Bogart
O. T. Sherman
a Local disturbance.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
141
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January i, 1^02 — Continued.
CONNECTICUT— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
/
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
. Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
West
/
West
/
South End
41 14
72 53
1884. 55
8 46.2
9 31
0. T. Sherman
Lyme
41 18
72 17
1810.5
4 30
9 45
A. Miller
New Haven
41 18
72 56
1900.7
10 02
10 05
C. A. Wheeler
Danbury
41 22
73 23
1810.5
5 41
10 56
A. Miller
Centerville
41 23
72 54
1884.6
9 06. 2
9 51
0. T. Sherman
Middletown
41 34
72 39
1895
10 00
10 15
County surveyor
Hebron
41 38
72 18
1835.5
6 00
9 58
G. Gillet
Vicinity of Hartford
« « •
• • «
1891
10 10
10 34
A. W. Rice
Storrs
41 48
72 15
1901. 3
10 30
10 31
C. A. Wheeler
Pomfret
41 52
71 57.
1810.5
5 05
10 20
A. Miller
Putnam
41 55
71 55
1866
9 30
II 20
Edgar Clark
Above Hartford
41 58
72 38
1875.
9 13
10 30
T. C. Ellis
DELAWARE
Group I
Dagsboro
Cape Henlopen
Pilot Town
Lewes Landing
Harrington
Dover
Bombay Hook
Fort Delaware
Newark
Sawyer
Wilmington
Group II
Delaware City
/
38 33*
38 47
3847
38 49
3855
39 09
39 22
39 35
39 41
39 42
39 47
39 35
75 16
75 05
75 10
75 12
75 35
75 31
75 31
75 34
75 44
75 34
75 32
West
o /
1899.49
1885. 58
1846. 50
1846. 50
1899.48
1897.35
1899.48
1846. 45
1899.48
1846. 42
1875. 55
5
4
2
2
6
6
6
3
5
2
3
29.8
59.6
42.7
45.0
05.6
18.8
31.8
16.8
19.6
48.3
44.4
75 36 1842. 50 3 30
West
o /
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
5
36
50
07
09
12
32
38
41
26
13
13
7 09
J. A. Fleming
J. B. Baylor
J. Locke
Do.
J. A. Fleming
O. B. French
J. A. Fleming
J. Locke
J. A. Fleming
J. Locke
J. M. Poole
Barnett
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Group I
Washington C. & G. S.
Office station
Causten, Georgetown Hts.
Group II
Washington Naval Obser-
vatory, old site
Washington Naval Obser-
vatory, new site
/
/
38 53
77 00
3856
77 04
38 54
77 03
3855
77 04
I90I.5
1855- 77
1892. 50
1894.50
E. or W,
/
West
/
5 07. 5 W
5 09
Various
I 04. W
358
C. A. Schott
4 14. 2 w
4 45
3 40. W
4 04
142
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, ig^o2 — Continued.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
'SE. side m. s.
SW. "
cC
s
u
u
•4-1
Q
((
SE.
SE.
SE.
SE.
SE.
SW.
SE.
East comer
NE. side m. s.
NE.
NE.
9
I
8
(t
<(
i(
i(
((
t(
((
< t
4i<NW.
•^ NW.
o
S)
c
o
S
o
PQ
i(
IC
((
NW.
NE.
NE.
NE.
NW.
NW.
NE.
NE.
NE.
NW.
NW.
.North corner
((
4C
II
<l
(C
t(
(t
<t
i<
t c
/
6
5
3
7
2
9
8
7
2
o
4
6
5
4
5
7
3
2
I
8
9
Lati- . Longi-
tude tude
38 48
38 48
38 49
38 49
38. 50
38 50
38 52
38 52
3852
3853
38 54
38 55
3855
38 55
3855
3856
3856
38 57
38 57
38 57
3858
3858
38 59
3859
3859
38 59
39 00
77 02
77 03
77 01
77 00
76 59
76 59
76 57
77 08
7656
76 55
76 55
76 56
76 57
77 09
77 08
77 07
7658
76 59
76 59
77 06
77 05
77 00
77 01
77 02
77 04
77 03
77 02
Date of
observa-
tion
1792.0
4<
((
( t
t (
4i
(t
<<
t (
ii
It
• (
i i
(»
t t
( 1
t i
(I
4(
44
4 4
4 4
44
4 4
44
44
Declina-
tion ob-
served
£. or W.
o /
o 37
o 30
o 34
o 25
o 18
o 21
o 08
o 05
04
10
o
o
o
o
I
o
o
o
o
19
24
08
35
10
03
51
O 22
o 25
o 45
o 59
o 18
12
06
29
00
25
I
I
o
2
I
E
W
E
E
E
E
W
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
W
E
E
W
W
E
W
E
E
E
E
E
Declina-
tion in
1902
West
o /
4
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
■^
4
5
5
3
4
3
3
4
2
3
03
10
06
15
22
19
48
35
36
30
21
16
32
05
30
43
49
18
05
25
41
58
28
34
II
40
15
Observer or
authority
A. Ellicott
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
FLORIDA
^^ > T
East
East
Group I
/
/
/
/
Sand Key
24 27
81 53
1849. 64
5 28.8
2 35
J. E. Hilgard
Kev West
24 33
81 48
1896. 12
2 49-2
2 32
G. R. Putnam
Bird Kev, Dry Tortugas
24 37
82 54
1880.04
3 42.6
2 35
S. M. Ackley
Cape Sable Base
25 08
81 02
1855. 4
5 23
2 49
A. D. Bache
Cape Florida, Key Biscayne
Hills
25 40
80 10
1850. 15
4 25.2
I 34
J. E. Hilgard
26 16
80 05
1884.06
2 43. I
I 48
B. A. Colonna
Punta Rasa
26 29
82 01
1866.49
4 01.5
2 06
A. T. Mosman
Spencer
26 44
80 02
1884. 21
2 51.6
I 58
B. A. Colonna
Fort Jupiter
26 54
80 05
1880.18
2 50.7
I 43
J. B. Baylor
House of Refuge, No. 2
27 12
4S0 10
1883.04
2 35.9
I 38
B. A. Colonna
Bell
27 28
80 20
1883.34
2 12. I
I 15
Do.
St. Lucie, Fort Capron
27 29
80 15
1880.17
2 24.9
I 18
J. B. Baylor
Tampa
27 57
82 27
1887.08
3 OI-6
2 12
Do.
Turkey Creek
28 04
8035
1878. 38
3 09.1
I 44
R. M. Bache
Eau Gallie
28 09
80 37
1880. 15
I 59.8
41
J. B. Baylor
Enterprise
2853
81 14
1880.13
2 46. I
I 27
Do.
Cedar Keys
29 08
83 02 '
1900.35
2 34.2
2 28
D. L. Hazard
Cape »St. George
Palatka
29 37
85 06
1853. 26
6 02. 1
3 17
J. G. Oltmanns
29 38
81 38
1900.33
I 11.5
I 06
D. L. Hazard
Gainesville
29 39
82 19 .
1900.34
2 14-4
2 09
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
143
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States ajid outlying
territories reduced to January /, igoz — Continued.
FLORIDA— Continued
Station
Group /—Continued
Cape San Bias
Apalachicola
Dog Island Light
St Augustine
St. Marks Light
Hurricane Island
Perry
Lake City
Baldwin
Jacksonville
Pensacola, Navy-Yard
Pensacola
Tallahassee
Sand String
Pond
Mill Point
Madison
Devil Point
Lindsay
Shield Point
Femandina
De Funiak Springs
Marianna
Group II
Florida, reef off west end
Florida, reef off Bahia Honda
Monroe County
Dade County
Gasparilla Island Light
De Soto County
Manatee County
Braidentown
Eiarmont Key, Tampa Bay
Hillsboro County
Do.
Bartow
Polk County
Brevard County
Osceola County
Kissinmiee
Pasco County
Hernando County
Brooksville
Orlando
Orange County
Titusville
Sumter County
Lake County
Citrus County
Inverness
Volusia County
Daytona
Ocala
Longi-
tude
29 40
29 43
^9 47
29 54
30 04
30 04
30 06
30 II
30 18
30 20
30 21
30 25
30 26
30 27
30 27
30 28
30 29
30 30
30 30
30 35
30 40
30 43
30 47
24 15
24 30
26 43
27 30
27 36
27 54
28 18
28 32
28 32
• • • •
2836
28 50
• • • •
29 08
29 II
85 22
84 59
84 40
81 19
84 II
85 39
83 35
82 38
81 58
81 39
87 16
87 12
84 18
87 06
86 56
86 56
83 25
87 09
87 03
87 01
81 27
86 07
85 13
82 40
81 15
82 16
82 35
82 46
81 50
81 24
82 22
81 22
80 48
• • •
• • •
• • • •
82 19
• * •
80 58
82 08
Date of
observa-
tion
854.08
860.09
853. 25
900.32
852. 25
854-10
900.36
900.30
900.30
900.31
900.39
861.02
900.37
894.29
894.24
894.23
900.29
894.31
894.27
893- 14
900.32
900.38
900.37
1818.5
1833
1885
1870
1891. o
1850
1843
1901.4
1843. 5
1845
1901. 2
1901.0
1850
1870
1858
1891
1846
1843
1901.0
1893
1865
1879. 7
1845
1843
1855
1894
1850
1876. 2
1890
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902 «
East
6 06. 5
6 12. o
5 51.2
I 22. 2
5 29.2
6 12. 2
2
I
2
I
4
6
2
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
I
3
3
6
6
3
3
3
4
4
I
5
4
2
I
4
3
3
2
4
4
I
2
3
2
4
4
4
2
4
3
2
19-7
31.5
04. 1
15.6
25.7
42. 2
19.8
50.7
22.0
26.5
27.4
56.0
43-6
37-2
19.6
36.4
41.3
33
07
20
20
07
18
45
57
25
35
20
38
40
00
45
30
22
50
57
27
43
05
30
"20
06
35
10
14.5
26
East
3
3
3
I
2
3
2
I
I
I
4
4
2
4
3
3
2
4
4
4
I
3
3
2
2
2
I
2
24
45
02
17
37
30
14
26
58
10
20
18
14
24
54
59
22
28
16
06
14
31
36
25
29
30
39
35
28
33
55
13
30
17
35
37
05
07
53
04
29
54
57
30
44
14
59
19
09
07
40
46
Observer or
authority
J. G. Oltmanns
G. W. Dean
J. G. Oltmanns
D. L. Hazard
J. E. Hilgard
J. G. Oltmanns
D. L. Hazard
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
G. W. Dean
D. L. Hazard
H. L. Stidham
Do.
Do.
D. L. Hazard
H. L. Stidham
Do.
P. A. Welker
D. L. Hazard
Do.
Do.
Livingston
British Admiralty
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 5 stations
J. L. Brownlee
Mean, 3 stations
I station
E. B. Camp
L. M. Powell
Mean, 10 stations
T. J. Beaty, jr.
H. T. Battaile
Mean, 9 stations
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 4 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 9 stations
John F. Hall
J. O. Fries
Mean, 9 stations
J. F. Le Baron
Mean, 17 stations
Mean, 5 stations
Mean, 4 stations
G. T. Hampton
Mean, 8 stations
D. D. Rogers
County surveyor
144
MAGNETIC DECVNATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igoz — Continued
FLORIDA— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued ,
Marion County
Levy County
Orange Springs
Putman County
Alachua County
Lafayette County
St. Joseph Bay Light
Starke
Bradford County
St. Marks
Wakulla County
Calhoun County
Columbia County
Suwanee County
Liveoak
Liberty County
Baker County
Duval County
Jefferson County
Washington County
Madison County
Hamilton County
Jasper
Amelia Island Light
Lati-
tude
o /
29 30
29 52
29 56
• • •
30 08
30 17
30 30
30 40
Longi-
tude
81 57
« »
85 23
82 06
• • •
84 II
82 59
82 57
81 26
Date of
observa-
tion
1842
1863
1835. 5
1834
1835
1831
1843.5
1901.2
1850
1875.4
1881
1881
1881
1863
1895
1895
1837
1881
1825
1881
1866
1891
1895
1889.5
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
o /
438
4 08
5 25
5
5
6
6
2
5
4
4
4
3
4
2
3
5
2
6
4
4
3
2
I
28
18
10
24
18
30
30.3
05
55
00
15
30
30
52
20
10
50
05
10
38
57
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
I 14
I 48
I 45
I 46
1 38
2 22
3
2
2
2
2
3
I
I
2
3
2
I
2
3
I
2
2
I
17
15
27
54
50
40
45
55
07
07
17
05
30
35
55
33
15
13
Observer or
authority
Mean, 14 stations
Mean, 4 stations
P. J. Latham
Mean, 2 stations
Mean, 8 stations
I station
L. M. Powell
H. E. Lager^en
Mean, 5 stations
J. M. Poole
Mean, 2 stations
Do.
I station
Mean, 2 stations
County surveyor
I station
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 3 stations
I station
Do.
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 2 stations
County surveyor
W. P. Paret
GEORGIA
Group I
/
/
East
/
East
/
Thomasville
30 50
83 59
1900. 28
2 20.
2 14
D. L. Hazard
Dupont or Lawton
Pelham
3058
82 55
1880.08
2 26.0
I 06
J. B. Baylor
31 07
84 09
1900. 27
2 26.6
2 21
D. L. Hazard
Brunswick
31 09
81 30
1887. 15
I 48.5
56
J. B. Baylor
Waycross
31 II
82 22
1887. 14
2 01.5
1 09
Do.
Butler, St. Simons Island
31 18
81 21
1872. 20
2 42.9
54
A. T. Mosman
Cedar Point
31 30
81 21
1902.05
54.0
54
0. B. French
Albany
31 34
84 08
1900. 27
2 03.6
I 58
D. L. Hazard
Jesup
Skiddaway N. Base
31 36
81 55
1887. 17
I 44.8
52
J. B. Baylor
31 56
81 02
1856. 30
3 25.0
40
A. W. Longfellow
Tybee Light
32 02
80 51
1870. 38
2 20.5
25
C. 0. Boutelle
Savannah, Hutchinsons I.
32 05
81 05
1895. 41
57.2
34
J. B. Baylor
Oglethorpe
32 17
84 04
1900. 26
2 10. 2
2 04
D. L. Hazard
Macon
32 49
83 37
1900.25
I 56.5
I 50
Do.
Milledgeville
33 04
83 16
1900. 24
2 40.4
236
Do.
Warrenton
33 23
82 40
1900. 24
I 14. 1
I 08
Do.
Augusta
53 28
81 57
1900. 23
42.9
37
Do.
Atlanta
33 44
84 22
1896. 29
I 51. 1
I 32
G. R. Putnam
Atlanta Base (P. T. Ridge)
33 54
84 17
1873. 12
3 34.9
I 49
F. P. Webber
Lawrenceville
33 58
84 00
1874. 94
3 24.8
I 46
C. 0. Boutelle
Kenesaw
33 59
84 35
1873. 58
4 43.4
3 00
F. P. Webber
Carnes
34 00
85 01
1873.97
4 05. 5
2 24
Do.
Sweat
34 04
84 27
1873. 77
5 36.9
3 54
Do.
Cumming
34 12
84 08
1873. 86
3 13.5
I 31
H. W. Blair
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
145
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
GEORGIA— Continued
Station
Group /—Continued
Sawnee
Rome
Pine Log
Lavender
Grassy
Skitt
Currahee
Johns
Group II
Folkston
Bainbridge
Owens Ferry
Dupont
Colquitt County
Mimsville*
Darien
Fort Gaines
Hinesville
Cuthbert
Lumber City
Clyde
Lnmpkin
Sumter County
Dooly County
Beards Creek
Cottage Green
Ashville
Oak Level
Springfield
Perry
Columbus
Black Creek
Swainsboro
Talbot County
Johnson County
Knozville
Birdsville
Jacksonboro
Millen
Mill Haven
Sandersville
Jones County
Monroe County
Lagrange
Waynesboro
Butts County
Griffin
Eatonton
Fayetteville
Claj-ton County
Appling
Madison
Campbell County
Washington
Walton County
34 M
34 15
34 19
34 19
34 29
34 30
34 32
34 37
30 48
30 55
30 56
31 00
• • • •
31 15
31 26
31 38
31 48
31 49
31 57
32 02
32 02
32 18
32 27
32 27
32 39
32 39
32 43
32 48
32 49
32 46
32 56
32 57
• • •
• • •
33 oi
33 03
• • • •
33 15
33 21
33 26
• • « •
33 32
33 34
33 44
tq •_ Date of
^..P^' I observa-
tude
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
84 10
85 08
8438
85 X7
84 20
8343
83 23
85 06
82 01
8436
81 51
82 53
• • • •
84 34
81 26
85 09
81 37
84 48
82 45
81 24
84 48
81 19
83 44
84 59
8j 28
82 30
84
82
81
81
81
00
13
43
57
47
82 50
85 01
82 00
• m % %
84 16
83 23
84 27
A' »
82 19 I
83 40 ;
• • • 1
82 42 !
1873. 83
1896.27
1874. 61
1874. 95
1874. 56
1874. 63
1874,80
1875. 47
900
839.5
895
901
895
895
838.5
839.5
838.5
839.5
875.5
838.5
839.5
901
895
838
837
837
837
837.5
901
895
837.5
838.5
895
895
895
837.5
837.5
875.5
837.5
838.5
901
895
895
837.5
900
895
838.5
901
893
837.5
838.5
895
900.4
901
East
East
/
/
2 55-
I 12
2 17.5
f 57
4 00.
2 21
358.9
2 20
3 36.0
I 57
2 35.5
56
2 47.9
I 09
3 57.1
2 20
I 15
I 10
5 30
I 59
I 15
52
I 00
58
I 45
I 22
I 30
I 07
5 05
I 32
5 31
2 00
5 05
I 32
5 30
I 59
3 10.8
I 34
5 05
I 32
5 27
I 56
I 15
I 13
I 45
I 22
5 23
I 50
5 05
I 30
5 05
I 30
5 05
I 30
5 05
I 30
I 45
I 43
2 30
2 07
5 04
I 29 .
5 04
1 31
2 00
I 37
3 00
2 37
2 15
. I 52
5 01
I 26
4 55
I 20
2 37.3
I 00
5*04
I 29
5 27
I 54
I 45
I 43
I 15
52
2 30
2 07
5 04
I 29
I 25
I 20
I 36
I 13
4 32
59
T 30
I 28
2 00
I 30
5 00
I 25
4 29
56
I 30
I 07
I 08
I 02
I 30
I 28
C. O. Boutelle
J. B. Baylor
F. P. Webber
Do.
C. O. Boutelle
Do.
Do.
F. P. Webber
J. R. Cooper
State Geol. Surv.
J. H. King, jr.
J. B. Coon
County surveyor
Do.
State Geol. Surv.
Do.
Do.
Do.
J. M. Poole
State Geol. Surv.
Do.
D. P. Holt
County surveyor
State Geol. Surv.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
G. W. Killen
County surveyor
State Geol. Surv.
Do.
County surveyor
Do.
Do.
State Geol. Surv.
Do.
J. M. Poole
State Geol. Surv.
Do.
S. L. Chiles
County surveyor
Roy Dallas
State Geol. Surv.
J. C. Maddux
M. F. Tutuilla
State Geol. Surv.
R. H. Bennett
W. J. Lee
State Geol. Surv.
Do.
County surveyor
Professor Bartlett
C. M. Boot
27478 — 02 10
146
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, 1^2 — Continued.
GEORGIA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina*
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Lincolnton
33 46
82 29
1837. 5
5 09
I 34
State Geol. Surv.
Buchanan
3348
85 12
1900
2 00
I 55
J. S. Dean
Monroe
33 51
83 43
1838. 5
5 10
I 37
Stete Geol. Surv.
Goshen
33 52
82 33
1837. 5
5 09
I 34
Do.
Athens
33 56
83 26
1S96
I 42
I 23
County surveyor
Cobb County
• • •
• • •
1901
I 06
I 04
F. B. Barber
Milton County
« • •
« •
1901
2 15
2 13
R. C. Nesbit
Elberton
34 06
82 52
1837. 5
4 33
58
State Geol. Surv.
Stilesboro
34 07
84 56
1895
2 30
2 07
H. T. McCormick
J. T. Moore
Rome
34 15
85 08
1900.7
I 18
I 14
Homer
34 19
83 31
1895
I 30
I 07
Couhty surveyor
Carnesx-ille
34 22
83 14
1837. 5
5 01
I 26
State Geol. Surv.
Dahlonega
34 35
8358
1898
I 45
I 33
C. J. Norwood
Toccoa Falls
34 36
83 20
1837-5
5 00
I 25
State Geol. Surv.
Cleveland
34 37
83 47"
1895
I 15
52
County surveyor
Gilmer County
• •
• •
1896
2 00
I 41
M. S. Clayton
Chickamauga
34 52
85 18
1893
2 02
I 32
County surveyor
Morganton
34 53
84 14
1895
2 30
2 07
C. G. Baugh
Towns County
• • •
• • • »
1901
I 45
I 43
R. G. Sutton
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS
Group I
Kilauea, Hawaii
Napoopoo, Hawaii
Kalaieha, Hawaii
Hilo, Hawaii
Waiau, Hawaii
Waimea, Hawaii
Kawaihae, Hawaii
Lahaina, Maui
Kahului, Maui
Waikiki, Oahu
Honolulu, Oahu
Sisal A, Oahu
Sisal B, Oahu
Honolulu Mag. Obs'y,Oahu
Puuloa Point, Oahu
Puuloa R. R. station, Oahu
HonouliuH Ranch, Oahu
Kahuku, Oahu
Nonopapa, Niihau
Waimea Bay, Kauai
19 25
19 29
19 43
19 44
19 49
20 02
20 02
20 52
20 54
' 21 16
1 21 18
•1
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
19
19
19
19
20
20
43
55
57
155 16
155 59
155 26
155 04
155 27 I
155 38 I
155 48 !
156 41 '
156 28
157 50 I
157 52
158 04
158 04
158 04
157 58
157 56
158 02
157 59
160 13
159 42
1900.87
1892. 63
1892. 53
1900.04
1892.56
1892.52
1892.50
1900. 10
1899.96
1891.61
1900.88
1900.87
1900.88
1902.00
1900.89
1900.89
I9<x). 86
1900.83
1892.69
1892.68
East
o /
9 00. 7
9 08. 1
9 52.6
8 43.8
10 22.7
9 05.7
9 20.6
9 24.8
857.3
10 05. 2
10 23.9
18.5
16.6
17.5
10 04. 2
10 09.7
10 25.9
10 25.0
10 01.4
9 46.3
9
9
9
East
o /
9 02
9 23
10 07
8 47
10 37
9 20
9 35
9 28
9 00
10 21
10 26
9 20
9 18
9 18
10 06
10 II
10 28
10 27
10 16
10 00
L. A. Bauer
E. D. Preston
Do.
E. R. Frisby
E. D. Preston
Do.
Do.
E. R. Frisby
Do.
E. D. Preston
L. A. Bauer
Do.
Do.
J. A. Fleming
L. A. Bauer
Do.
Do.
Do.
E. D. Preston
Do.
IDAHO
Group I
Lewiston
Lake Pend d' Oreille
Siniaquoteen
46 28
47 58
48 10
117 05
116 30
116 45
1881. 71
1881. 70
1881. 67
East
o /
21 26. 2
22 05. 4
22 28.5
East
o /
21 16
21 55
22 18
J. S. Lawson
Do.
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
147
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
IDAHO— Continued
Station
Uti- '
tude 1
Longi-
tude
1
Date of \
observa-
tion
r
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
•
Observer or
authority
_^m^ ^ ^
East '
East
Group II
/
/
/
/
Utah Boundary
42 00
III 07
1871. 7
17 30 i
1706
D. G. Major
Do.
42 00
III 16
1871. 7
17 30
1706
Do.
Do.
42 00
I" 35
1871.7
17 55
17 31
Do.
Do.
42 00
III 49
1871. 7
17 41
17 17
Do.
Do.
42 00
112 02
1871. 7
1750
17 26
Do.
St. Charles Canyon
42 05
III 32
1877. 5
18 08 j
17 50
S. E. Tillman
Oregon Boundary
42 06
117 03
1867.9
18 31 1
18 38
D. G. Major
Robbins Ford
42 lo
III 49
1877. 5
17 48
17 30
S. E. Tillman
Oneida County, east
• • •
• « *
1872
18 00
17 45
Mean, 3 stations
Malade City
42 II
112 16
1877. 5 •
17 44
17 26
R. Bimie
Bear River
42 13
III 08
1877. 5
17 59- 5
17 42
S. E. Tillman
Mink Creek
42 13
III 44
1877. 5
17 51
17 33
Do.
Camp 80, S. of Oxford set.
42 14
112 01
1877. 5
18 21
18 03
W. Young
Cassia County, east
• •
• • •
1881
17 48
17 34
Mean, 14 stations
Cassia Countv, west
• • • •
• • • «
1889
17 48
17 36
Mean, 18 stations
Oneida County, southwest
• • • •
« • • •
1873
17 55
17 39
Mean, 3 stations
Camp 77, N W. of Oxford Pk.
42 16
112 05
1877. 5
17 50
17 32
W. Young
Bear Lake County
• • •
• • • •
1879
1758
17 39
Mean, 6 stations
Oregon Boundary
42 21
117 03
1867.9
1830
1837
D. G. Major
Camp 78, NE. of ElkhornPk.
42 23
112 13
1877- 5
17 51
17 33
W. Young
Camp 53, southeast of
42 28
III 47
1877. 5
18 18
18 00
S. E. Tillman
Mount Sedgewick
Owyhee County, east
* • • •
• • «
1877
1827
18 19
Mean, 10 stations
Boise Meridian, mean, 6 sta.
42 30
116 22
1867.5
18 45
18 47
L. F. Cartee
Owyhee County, southwest
• « •
• • •
1879
18 48
18 38
Mean, 7 stations
Hawkins Creek
42 32
112 20
1877- 5
22 47
22 29
W. Youn^
Oregon Boundary
42 35
117 03
1867.9
1832
18 39
D. G. Major
Raft Creek
42 36
113 14
1859. 6
16 45
1643
J. Dixon
Camp 7 1
42 38
112 23
1877- 5
1837
18 19
W. Young
Soda Springs Village
42 40
III 35
1877. 5
21 10
20 52
S. E. Tillman
Oneida County, northwest
• • •
• • • •
1878
17 52
17 33
Mean, 3 stations
Salmon River Falls
42 42
114 39
1859.6
17 II
17 09
J. Dixon
Shadow Lake
42 43
113 05
1877- 5
16 04
15 46
R. Bimie
Bannock County, east
• •
• • •
1880
17 45
17 26
Mean, 14 stations
Bannock County, west
• • •
• • •
1890
17 40
17 26
Mean, 10 stations
Oregon Boundary
42 45
117 03
1867. 9
18 18
1825
D. G. Major
Game Creek
42 46
III 15
1877. 5
18 19
18 01
S. E. Tillman
Smoky Creek
42 47
III 04
1877. 5
1825
18 07
Do.
Magnetic Station
42 47
iti 57
1889:4
18 03
17 48
N. P. Anderson
Port Neuf River
42 47
112 16
1877- 5
1844
18 26
S. E. Tillman
Shoshone
42 54
114 21
1900
18 30
18 28
J. W. Waldron
Lanes Fork
42 55
III 18
1877.5
18 26
18 08
S. E. Tillman
Rattlesnake Meadows
42 56
115 06
1859. 6
17 00
1706
J. Dixon
Little Blackfoot River
42 57
III 30
1877. 5
1852
18 34
S. E. Tillman
Silver City
42 57
116 43
1900.8
19 12
19 II
F. W. Hulett
Tincup Run
Lincoln County, east
42 59
III 16
1877. 5
18 32
18 14
S. E. Tillman
• •
•
1888
17 55
17 43
Mean, 15 stations
Lincoln County, west
• • «
• • • •
1880
18 42
18 28
Mean, 10 stations
Owyhee County, NW.
• • • «
■• • • • •
1882
1847
1837
Mean, 12 stations
Oregon Boundary
43 00
117 03
1867.9
18 23
18 30
D. G. Major
Jack Knife Creek
43 02
III 07
1877. 5
18 27
18 09
S. E. Tillman
Camp 41, NE. of Mt. Pisgah
43 07
III 15
1877. 5
18 20
18 02
Do.
Fort Hall
43 09
112 12
1877. 5
18 13
17 55
R. Birnie
148
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January i, IQ02 — Continued.
IDAHO— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
. Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Camp 43
43 10
III
48
1877. 5
18 43
18 25
S. E. Tillman
Highane Ranch
43 14
112
26
1872. 8
17 50
17 34
F. V.Hayden
Elmore County, south
• • • •
• • •
a •
1887
18 58
18 48
Mean, 9 stations
Oregon Boundary
43 15
117
03
1867.8
18 22
18 29
D. G. Major
Bingham County, east
• • • «
•
a a
1890
18 13
18 00
Mean, 4 stations
Bingham County, west
• « • •
• • •
• •
1892
17 46
17 35
Mean, 6 stations
Base Line, mean of 6 stations
43 22
114
17
1867.5
1845
18 40
L. F. Cartee
Base Line, mean of 5 stations
43 22
116
30
1867.5
1827
18 29
Do.
Hot Springs
43 23
1 16
18
1959- 6
17 50
18 04
J. Dixon
Boise Meridian, mean, 5 sta.
43 25
116
22
1867.5
18 15
18 17
L. F. Cartee
Ada County
• «
• • •
• a
1885
18 47
1837
Mean, 20 stations
Oregon Boundary
Willow Creek
43 33
117 03
1867.8
1849
18 56
D. G. Major
43 34
III
42
1872. 8
17 55
17 40
F. V. Hayden
Camp 52
43 35?
III
30?
1872.8
18 00
17 45
Do.
Blaine County, east
• • •
•
• a
1891
19 10
1859
Mean, 12 stations
Blaine County, west
• • •
• • •
a •
1885
18 35
18 22
Mean, 3 stations
Boise
43 37
116
12
1895
1845
18 38
County surveyor
Snake River, 8 miles below
43 40
III
20
1872. 8
17 59
17 44
F. V. Hayden
Canyon
Caldwell
43 40
116
41
1893
19 00
1852
Countv surveyor
Oregon Boundary
43 44
117 03
1867.8
19 03
19 II
D. G. Major
Elmore County, north
1874
18 45
18 39
One station
Canyon County
1880
18 30
18 20
Mean, 4 stations
Fremont County, east
1891
18 15
18 02
Mean, 18 station.s
Fremont County, west
• • « «
1877
18 30
18 12
One station
Boise County, south
1885
19 03
1853
Mean, 18 stations
Camp i6,.mouth of Fall R.
44 01
III
30
1872.6
18 12
17 57
F. V. Hayden
Boise Meridian, mean, 4 sta.
44 10
116
22
1867.5
19 07. 5
19 10
L. F. Cartee
Weiser
44 14
116
53
1901.2
21.00
20 59
C. W. Lucks
Custer County, east
• •
• • •
• •
1891
19 03
1852
Mean, 29 stations
Custer County, west
• • • •
• • •
a a
1893
19 00
18 51
One station
Henrys Fork
44 19
III
20?
1872.6
1825
18 10
F. V. Hayden
Washington County, south
Camp 20
• • •
• •
a •
1876
1853
18 46
Mean, 10 stations
44 30?
III
20?
1872. 6
19 13
18 58
F. V. Hayden
Boise County, north
• •
• • •
a a
1890
19 30
19 20
Mean, 5 stations
Lemhi County, southeast
• « •
• • a
• a
1892
19 10
1859
Mean, 3 stations
Camp 27 , Henry Lake Valley
44 38
III
17
1872. 6
18 44
18 29
F. V. Hayden
Boise Meridian, mean, 3 sta.
44 45
116
22
1867.5
19 10
19 12
L. F. Cartee
Washington County, north
• • •
• • •
•
1891
19 07
1858
Mean, 4 stations
Boise Meridian, mean, 3 sta.
45 14
116
22
1867.5
21 10
21 12
L. F. Cartee
Lemhi County, northwest
• « •
• • •
• •
1889
19 30
19 18
Mean, 7 stations
Idaho County, west
• • •
• • •
a a
1884
20 42
20 32
Mean, 9 stations
Boise Meridian, mean, 4 sta.
45 44
ii6
22
1867.5
20 56. 2
2058
L. F. Cartee
Idaho County, northeast
• • • •
• •
a
1890
20 50
20 40
Mean, 4 stations
Nez Perces County
• • •
• •
• •
1885
20 52
20 42
Mean, 23 stations
Boise Meridian, mean, 4 sta.
46 17
116
22
1867.5
20 18.8
20 21
L. F. Cartee
Fort I/apway
46 18
116
54
1876. 4
19 45
1938
W. M. Miller
Moscow
46 44
117
00
1893
21 30
21 23
County surveyor
Shoshone County, south
« • a •
a a •
« •
1892
21 12
21 04
Mean, 5 stations
Latah County
•
• •
a
1887
21 07
20 57
Mean, 8 stations
Wallace
47 25
115
56
1894
21 50
21 43
County surveyor
Sahon Pass
47 27
115 43
1860.5
20 37
20 49
J. Mullan
Shoshone County, north
• • •
• • •
• •
1891
21 3«
21 21
Mean, 3 stations
Kootenai County, south
• a •
• a a
• •
1889
21 30
21 20
Mean, 22 stations
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
149
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igp2 — Continued.
IDAHO— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
"S.^
Date of
observa- i
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Murray
47 32
115 56
1894
21 20
21 13
County smrveyor
Coeur d'Alene Mission
47 33
116 21
1860.5
20 54
21 06
J. Mullan
Washington Boundary
47 54
117 03
1875. 7
22 15
22 13
Reeves & Denison
Do.
48 12
117 03
1875. 7
24 00
23 58
Do.
Pack River
48 22
116 28
1861.5
22 51
23 02
R. W. Haig
Washington Boundary
48 23
"7 03
1875. 7
22 45
22 43
Reeves & Denison
Kootenai County, north
> « •
• • • • •
1893
22 15
22 08
Mean, 4 stations
Washington Boundary
48 39
117 03
. 1875. 8
22 40
22 38
Reeves & Denison
Chelemta River
48 41
116 19
1 1861.5
22 II
22 22
R. W. Haig
Washington Boundary
48 47
117 03
1875.8
23 00
22 58
Reeves & Denison
Boundary Station
49 00
116 33
1860.0
22 37
22 50
J. S. Harris
ILLINOIS
Group I o /
Cairo j 37 01
Mound City 37 05
McLeansboro 38 06
Nashville 38 20
Sandoval 38 37
Springfield 39 50
Danville 40 07
Bloomington 40 31
Ottawa 41 20
Chicago, old university site 41 50
Chicago, near water tower 41 54
Chicago, Lincoln Park 41 56
Rockford ' 42 17
Group II
America 37 10
Golconda 37 23
Vienna 37 25
Hardin County . . . .
Gallatin County 37 44
Murphy sboro 37 47
Chester 37 55
Kaskaskia 37 57
New Athens 38 19
Waterloo 38 20
Jefferson County . . . .
Wayne County . . . .
Edwards County . . . .
Belleville 38 31
Cahokia 38 36
Marion County . . . .
Collinsville 38 39
Olney 38 45
Richland County . . . .
Lawrence County
89 10
89 04
88 32
89 22
89 09
89 39
87 35
8859
88 50
87 37
87 37
87 37
89 06
89 08
88 25
88 54
• •
88 19
89 21
8951
8955
8955
90 II
90 00
90 09
•
90 04
88 07
877. 91
865.01
900.93
900. 92
896.34
89X. 75
900.83
891.74
891.73
888.63
891.55
900.86
891.71
6
7
4
4
4
4
2
4
5
4
3
3
3
East
/
00.4
32
06.8
24. 2
48.8
46.7
38.8
00. 4
02.5
07.4
57.8
59-9
896
4 45
872.5
6 05.8
885
4 40
895
4 10
901. 2
3 37
901.3
5 20
895
4 48
809.5
7 20
880.8
5 49.1
895
5 05
895
4 00
818
7 51
819
7 50
895
5 20
810.5
825
900
4 15
880.4
6 30.4
895
4 00
821
7 40
805
6 10
East
o /
4
5
4
4
4
4
2
3
4
3
2
3
3
4
4
3
3
o
5
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
5
4
5
3
4
3
24
10
03
20
26
05
34
19
21
07
45
53
14
22
09
33
44
34
17
22
21
23
39
34
38
36
54
24
09
03
34
24
20
A. Braid
A. T. Mosman
W. F. Wallis
Do.
R. L. Paris
J. B. Baylor
O. B. French
J. B. Baylor
Do.
Do.
G. R. Putnam
W. G. Cady
J. B. Baylor
J. P. Mathis
T. C. Hilgard
County surveyor
W. H. Scroggins
Victor Pearce
W. F. Hughes
County surveyor
Public surveys
F. E. Nipher
County .surveyor
W^ F. W^illiams
Mean, 5 stations
Mean, 2 stations
County surveyor
J. Mansfield
A. Hamilton
F. E. Nipher
G. W. Arnisey
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 5 stations
150
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 190a.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, igo2 — Continued.
ILLINOIS— Continued
▼ A*
X r
Date of
Declina-
Declina-
Station 1
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
/
observa-
tion
tion ob-
served
tion in
1902
Obser^'er or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
East
/
1
East
/
Clay County
• • • •
• • • •
1817
7 50
4 39
Mean, 6 stations
Highland
38 45
8941
1872. 7
6 34.2
438
T. C. Hilgard
East Base |
38 52
88 02
1879. 8
5 00
3 30
J. H. Darling
Alton !
38 52
90 12
1840. 5
7 45
4 30
H. Loomis
Greenville
38 54
89 26
1895
5 20
4 54
R. K. Dewev
Vandalia
3858
89 08
1895
4 45
4 19
A. H. Wing
Fayette County
• • • •
m • • •
1823
8 00
4 43
Mean, 2 stations
Crawford County
• « • •
mm mm
1828
7 30
4 II
Mean, 5 stations
Jasper County
• • • •
• .• • •
1820
8 03
4 48
Mean, 21 stations
Effingham
3908
8834
1901
4 00
3 57
J. B. Jones
Effingham County
• • • •
• • • «
1820
7 50
4 35
Mean, 3 stations
Bellair
39 II
87 52
1879. 8
5 08
338
J. H. Darling
^lontgomerv County
Cumberland County
. . . .
• • • •
1823
8 00
4 43
I station *
• •
* •
1820
8 26
5 II
Mean, 1 1 stations
Greene County
• • • •
• •
1901
4 45
4 42
T. G. Capps
Coles County
. •
• • • •
1821
8 30
5 14
Mean, 1 1 stations
Sangamon County
39 36
8945
1890.2
5 33
4 45
Allen Enos
Winchester
39 37
90 29
1892
6 12
5 33
County sur\»eyor
Barry
39 41
91 03
1895
5 00
4 34
A.G. Chamberlain
Edgar County
• • >
• • •
1821
8 20
5 04
Mean, 15 stations
Macon
39 42
89 01
1872.7
5 21.5
3 26
T.C. Hilgard
Jacksonville
39 45
90 18
1833. 5
845
5 27
Sturtevant
Douglas County
• • •
• •
1825
8 03
4 45
Mean, 16 stations
Springfield
39 48
89 40
1896. I
4 10
3 46
Allen Enos
Palermo
39 53
87 52
1879. 7
5 12
3 42
J. H. Darling
Piatt County
• •
• • •
1901
4 28
4 25
W. J. Day
Virginia
3958
90 13
1894
5 09
438
County surveyor
Beardstown
40 00
90 29
1880.6
6 43.4
5 17
F. E. Nipher
Menard County
• • • •
• • •
1895
4 50
4 24
County surveyor
Rushville
40 07
, 90 35
1895
5 15
4 49
J. Stumm
Clinton
40 10
' 88 58
1892
4 45
4 06
J. S. Brown
Lincoln University
40 10
89 24
1901.3
4 00
3 57
W. P. Russell
Champaign County
« • •
• • •
1822
7 48
4 32
Mean, 32 stations
Vermilion County
• • •
• • «
1821
8 15
4 59
Mean, 38 stations
Pilot Grove
40 12
87 50
1879. 7
4 29
2 59
J. H. Darling
JvOgan County
40 12
89 26
1901
4 45
4 42
D. L. Brancher
Havana
40 18
90 04
1892
4 47
4 08
County surveyor
Mason County
40 19
90 05
1896.7
4 44
4 22
J. R. Faulkner
Hancock County
• • •
• • • •
1901
5 15
5 12
J. R. Crabill
Mason County
40 27
8958
1901.2
4 23
4 20
J. R. Faulkner
Tazewell County
• > •
• • •
1824
8 00
4 43
Mean, 5 stations
McLean County
• • • •
• « •
1824
1 8 00
4 43
Mean, 4 stations
Bloomington
40 31
88 59
1896
3 15
2 53
County sur\'e^'or
Ford County
• • • •
1 « • •
1831
7 52
4 33
Mean, 12 stations
Peoria
40 41
1 8934
1
19W.5
: 506
5 00
Hammond, Com-
stock
Iroquois County
• • • a
« • • •
1824
j 7 53
4 36
Mean, 34 stations
Woodford County
• •
• • • •
1826
7 57
4 39
Mean, 9 stations
Peoria County
• • •
• • • •
1830
i 8 12
4 52
Mean, 20 stations
Livingston County
• a •
• •
1833
' 7 31
4 13
Mean, 8 stations
Minonk
40 55
89 02
1901.2
4 05
4 02
D. H. Davison
Galesburg
40 55
90 23
1895
5 25
4 56
C.S.Richey
Knox County
« • • •
• •
1901
4 40
4 37
Do.
Little York
41 00
90 45
1895
556
5 27
County surveyor
Stark County
• • •
1820
8 05
4 39
Mean, 7 stations
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
151
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States ajid outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
ILLINOIS— Continued
▼ ^*
•m •
Date of
Declina-
Declina-
^'Xl-
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
observa-
tion
tion ob-
served
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Marshall County
• •
• • •
1828
8 05
4 34
Mean, 17 stations
Wenona
41 05
•89 01
1872. 7
6 06. 1
3 59
T. C. Hilgard
Kankakee County
• • •
• « •
1833
7 18
3 48
Mean, 17 stations
Putnam County
• « •
• • • •
1826
8 II
4 41
Mean, 10 stations
Stark County
• • •
•
1901
4 45
4 42
H. H. Oliver
Aledo
41 II
90 48
1901.4
5 10
5 07
W. B. Frew
Grundy County
• * • •
• • • •
182 1
8 06
4 39
Mean, 15 stations
Hennepin
41 15
89 21
1895
4 57
4 28
County surveyor
Tiskilwa
41 17
89 29
1893
4 48
4 10
Do.
Bureau County
• • • •
« • • •
1827
8 II
4 41
Mean, 24 stations
Lasalle County
• • • •
• • •
1822
8 06
4 39
Mean, 26 stations
Morris
41 21
88 27
1892
5 32
4 49
County surveyor
Rock Island County
«
• • •
1901
5 40
5 37
M. A. Gould
Will County
• •
• • • •
1825
7 47
4 18
Mean, 16 stations
Geneseo
41 26
90 10
1901
5 00
4 57
C. C. Martin
Rock Island
4*31
90 34
1878. 7
6 57.8
5 25
C. F. Powell
Kendall County
• • •
• •
1833
8 06
4 36
Mean, 6 stations
Willow Springs
41 44
87 51
1879. 6
5 10
3 31
J. H. Darling
Mount Forest
41 45
87 52
1876. 7
4 35.6
2 50
D. W. Lockwood
Lee County
• • •
• • • •
1843
7 38
4 16
Mean, 6 stations
Whiteside County
• •
« • • •
1843
7 26
4 04
Mean, 3 stations
Dupage County
* • •
• • •
1834
7 17
3 47
Mean, 6 stations
Cook County
« •
• • •
1829
7 19
3 47.
Mean, 34 stations
Fulton
41 52
90 12
1844. 1
8 15
5 00
Public survey
Dekalb County
• • • •
• • • •
1841
7 12
3 45
Mean, 3 stations
Kane County
• • • •
• • « •
1840
6 02
2 36
Mean, 10 stations
Winetka
42 06
87 44
1873. 5
458
2 54
H. Custer
Stephenson County
• • • •
• • • •
1895
6 00
5 31
County sur\^eyor
Woodstock
42 18
88 26
1901. 2
3 13*
3 10
C. H. Tryon
McHenry County
• « •
• • •
1839
6 14
2 46
Mean, 12 stations
Lake County
• • • •
• • •
1840
556
2 30
Mean, 13 stations
WaukejB^n
42 21
87 50
1873. 5
5 II
3 07
H. Custer
Jo Daviess County
42 25
90 27
1900.3
558
5 51
J. C. Scott
Do.
42 26
90 25
1901. 2
6 30
6 27
Do.
Galena
42 26
90 26
1876. 7
9 08.7
7 28
C. F. Powell
Sherwood
42 27
90 37
1839- 8
9 00
5 45
Surveyor of P. L.
Jo Daviess County
42 28
90 03
1899.7
4 29
4 19
J. C. Scott
Dunleith
42 28
90 40
1856. 8
8 35
5 51
K. Friesach
INDIANA
Group I
/
/
East
/
East
/
Evansville
37 59
87 28
1900.94
3 49-6
3 46
W. F. Wallis
New Harmony
3808
87 56
1880. 84
5 05.1
3 42
J. B. Baylor
Paoli
38 32
86 27
1900.72
2 35.2
2 30
W. C. Dibrell
Vincennes
38 41
87 32
1896.33
3 17.9
2 57
R. L. Paris
Madison
3842
85 27
1900. 71
I 36. I
I 31
W. C. Dibrell
Bloomfield
39 02
86 56
1900.73
2 45-8
2 41
Do.
Greensburg
Martinsville
39 25
85 29
1900.70
2 II. 4
2 06
Do.
39 25
86 24
1900. 70
2 19. 2
2 14
Do.
Terre Haute
39 30
87 23
1900.74
2 44.0
2 39
Do.
152
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recejit magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to Janiuiry /, igo2 — Continued.
INDIANA— Continued
Station
Group /—Continued
Indianapolis
Richmond
Crawfordsville
Hartford City
Kokomo
Fort Wayne
Warsaw
South Bend
Michigan Pity
Group II
Rockport
Perry County
Mount Vernon
Mouth of Wabash Ri^er
Spencer County
Posey County
Perry County
Warrick County
Canal
Ohio River
New Albany
Floyd County
Gibson County
Falls of the Ohio River
Dubois County
Pike County
Charleston
Clark County
Orange County
Washington County
Knox County
Scott County
Martin County
Daviess County
Jefferson County
South Hanover
Madison
Switzerland County
Lawrence County
Jackson County
Ohio County
Jennings County
Vernon
Bloonifield
Greene County
Sullivan County
Ripley County
Dearborn County
Monroe County
Brown County
Bartholomew County
Owen County
Decatur County
Lati-
tude
39
47
39 50
40 03
40 29
40
31
41
06
41
12
41
40
41
42
37 54
37 57
37 57
38 00
38 06
38 10
38 16
38 20
38 26
3845
38 46
39 00
39 03
Longi-
tude
87 24
86 30
85 54
85 40
85 39
85 23
85 24
85 37
86 54
Date of
observa-
tion
86 12
8453
8652
85 23
86 05
85 08
85 52
86 14
86 58
87 04
86 46
87 55
88 00
1900.69
1900.68
1900. 75
1900.76
1900. 76
1900. 77
1900. 78
1900. 79
1900.88
895
900
895
810.5
805
806
805
806
895
810.5
898.7
806
806
810. 5
805
805
899.8
807
805
807
808
810
806
806
807
837.5
898.7
800
812
814
800
809
S95
899.1
814
814
S17
800
820
820
820
814
820
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
o /
I
I
2
I
I
O
I
I
I
7
6
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
21. 1
39-2
22. 1
56.6
48.8
12.8
00.4
25-4
45-6
3 50
2 55
3 38
7 10
6 30
657
6 30
6 37
3 38
6 30
I 54
5 27
6 44
5 50
6 37
6 37
I 48
5 00
6 00
6 16
6 36
6 10
6 33
6 50
6 10
4
I
5
7
6
5
5
I
2
35
30
10
03
35
10
34
46
40
03
33
55
10
34
45
08
40
40
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
16
34
17
5r
44
o 07
o 55
20
41
I
I
2
I
I
I
I
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
I
I
2
I
2
2
I
I
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
o
I
I
3
2
I
I
I
2
3
2
I
I
2
2
2
2
2
24
49
12
16
43
08
43
48
12
36
41
38
55
56
50
50
39
10
13
26
44
16
44
01
20
52
17
31
08
39
31
41
20
28
07
37
57
31
35
46
09
44
41
Observer or
authority
W. C. Dibrell
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
W. G. Cady
County surveyor
George Minto
County surveyor
J. Mansfield
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 13 stations
Mean, 4 stations .
Mean, 9 stations
County surveyor
J. Mansfield
WMllis L. Barnes
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 13 stations
J. Mansfield
Mean, 13 stations
Mean, 7 stations
Willis L. Barnes
I station
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 9 stations
I station
Dunn
Willis L. Barnes
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 5 stations
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 7 stations
County surveyor
Willis L. Barnes
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 11 stations
Mean, 2 stations
Mean, 11 stations
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 5 stations
Mean, 7 stations
Do.
Mean, 9 stations
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
153
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, jgo2 — Continued.
INDIANA— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Clay County
Franklin County
Vigo County
Morgan County
Johnson County
Franklin
Terre Haute
Shelby County
Rush County
Rushville
Liberty
Union County
Fayette County
Putnam County
Greencastle
Parke County
Hendricks County
Marion County
Hancock County
Wayne County
Vermilion County
Henry County
Montgomery County
Boone County
Hamilton County
Madison County *
Randolph County
Fountain County
Delaware County
Clinton County
Tipton County
Warren County
Tippecanoe County
Jay County
Blackford County
Howard County
Grant County
Carroll County
Benton County
Wells County
Adams County
Miami County
Cass County
Logansport
Reynolds
Wiiite County
Monti cello
Wabash
Wabash County
Huntington County
Newton County
Jasper County
Pulaski County
Fulton County
Allen County
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
1
East
East
/ [ /
/
/
• •
1814
6 36
2 40
Mean, 4 stations
• «
1808
5 52
2 00
Mean, 10 stations
• •
1815
6 44
2 47
Mean, 8 stations
1
• •
1821
6 10
2 II
Mean, 13 stations
•
1821
6 00
2 01
Mean, 9 stations
39 30 1 86 03 1894
2 36
2 06
County surveyor
39 30 : 87 23
1901
2 36
2 33
McCormick
.... .... 1820
7 00
3 01
Mean, 10 stations
. . , . . . . , Io20
7 06
3 07
Mean, 9 stations
39 38 85 27 1899.5
I 12
I 02
Willis L. Barnes
39 39 84 56 1895
I 30
I 04
County surveyor
1800
5 07
I 28
Mean; 7 stations
1817
6 16
2 18
Mean, 6 stations
1820
6 25
2 26
Mean, 7 stations
3
9 4
8
65
I 1895
2 39
2 13
County surveyor
t •
. 1 1820
6 36
2 37
Mean, 9 stations
1
; 1821
5 50
I 51
Mean, 11 stations
1 *
. 1 1821
5 57
I 58
Mean, 6 stations
1
. 1 1821
6 39
2 40
Mean, 11 stations
1809
5 10
I 17
Mean, 8 stations
i
•
1818
6 54
256
Mean, 4 stations
1
1821
6 II
2 12
Do.
1821
6 41
2 42
Mean, 7 stations
.
1824
5 55
I 58
Mean, 6 stations
t
1
1822
5 42
I 44
Mean, 5 stations
. I 1822
6 03
2 05
MeaUf 14 stations
1817
5 50
I 52
Mean, 12 stations
. ! 1822
6 50
2 52
Mean, 4 stations
1823
6 23
2 26
Mean, 18 stations
1832
5 10
I 19
Mean, 7 stations
1
1843
4 47
I 16
Mean, 6 stations
1826
6 35 .
2 39
Mean, 4 stations
1
1
182-;
6 05
2 08
Mean, 9 stations
1
• 9 •
1823
5 57
2 QO
Mean, 11 stations
1
1823
6 20
2 23
Mean, 5 stations
' 1 •
1844
4 36
I 07
Mean, 8 stations
1834
5 45
I 58
Mean, 12 stations
1829
5 33
I 39
Mean, 8 stations
•1832
6 23
2 33
Mean, 13 stations
1826
5 57
2 01
Mean, 9 stations
1822
5 42
1 44
Mean, 3 stations
1840
5 i9
I 41
Mean, 12 stations
• 1
1830
5 42
I 49
Mean, 10 stations
40 45
86 24
1836. 5
5 35
I 51
Town map
40 45 1 86 48
1874. 7
3 30-3
I 42
F. E. Hilgard
*• •■! •• •■
1831
5 55
2 03
Mean, 13 stations
40 46 86 46
1895
3 15
2 49
County surveyor
40 48
85 50
1898.7
37
24
Willis L. Barnes
• •
•
1838
5 40
I 59
Mean, 16 stations
• •
.
183 1
5 54
2 02
Mean, 7 stations
1
1
'
• •
• 1
1835
1834
6 28
5 45
2 42
I 58
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 16 stations
.
* •
•
1834
5 32
I 45
Mean, 11 stations
•
1834
5 51
2 04
Mean, 7 stations
• •
«
•
1832
5 26
1 36
Mean, 15 stations
154
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States a7id outlying
territories reduced to January I, I po2 — Continued.
INDIANA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group II — Continued
/ /
East
/
East
/
Whitley County
• • • •
1833
5 50
2 01
Mean, 8 stations
Kosciusko County
« • • •
1835
5 53
2 07
Mean, 16 stations
Marshall County
• •
1833
6 14
2 25
Mean, 12 stations
Starke County
• • *
1834
5 32
I 45
Mean, 8 stations.
Noble County
• • • •
1834
5 17
I 30
Mean, 12 stations
Dekalb County
• *
1832
5 00
I 10
Do.
Lake County
• • •
1834
6 27
2 40
Mean, 23 stations
Crown Point
41 25
87 21
1S95
4 15
3 47
County surveyor
Porter County
• • • «
1834
638
2 51
Mean, 6 stations
Laporte County
• • • •
1833
6 00
2 II
Mean, 17 stations
St. Joseph County
• «
1834
5 50
2 03
Mean, 12 stations
Elkhart County
• • •
1830
5 27
I 34
Mean, 13 stations
Grand Calumet River
41 37
87 15
187 1. 7
4 30
2 23
L. Foote
Lagrange County
• • • •
1831
5 20
I 28
Mean, 12 stations
Steuben County
• • •
1831
4 58
I 06
Do.
INDIAN TERRITORY
Group I
Atoka
Eufaula
Vinita
Group II
Chickasaw Nation, SE.
Chickasaw Nation, SW.
Choctaw Nation, W.
Chickasaw Nation, NE.
Chickasaw Nation, NW.
Wilson Rock
Jack Browns
Canadian
Webber Falls
Creek Nation
Fort Gibson
Northeastern reservations
34 24
35 16
3638
35 19
35 20
35 25
35 30
• • • •
35 48
96 05
95 33
95 08
94 37
94 45
95 00
95 07
« • •
95 20
East
East
/
/
; 1878. 54
9 II. 4
7 59
1878. 54
9 10.3
758
1888.78
848.3
8 05
187 1
10 07
8 38
1871
10 30
9 01
1895
8 16
7 54
1871
9 58
8 29
1871
10 46
9 17
1870. 3
9 20
7 49
1870. 3
9 26
7 55
1870.3
9 09
738
1870. 3
9 30
7 59
1896
838
8 19
1870. 3
948
8 17
1875
9 12
7 53
J. B. Baylor
Do.
Do.
Mean, 33 stations
Do.
Mean, 28 stations
Mean, 25 stations
Mean, 29 stations
S. T. Albert
Do.
Do.
Do.
Mean, 5 stations
S. T. Albert
Mean, 12 stations
IOWA
Group I
Keokuk
Corydon
Burlington
Fairfield
Red Oak
Osceola
Ottumwa
Creston
/
40 23
40 44
40
48
41
00
41
01
41
01
41
02
41 03 1
91 23
93 19
91 08
91 59
95 II
93 45
92 25
94 19
East
f
East .
/
/
1900.79
5 52.6
5 47
W. F. Wallis
1900.78
8 13.6
8 08
Do.
1900.51
6 05.2
558
Do.
1900.51
6 51.3
6 46
Do.
1900.76
8 43.4
8 38
Do.
1900.77
7 08. 2
7 03
Do.
1888.70
7 49.2
652
J. B, Baylor
1900.77
9 00.0
8 54
W. F. Wallis
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
155
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlyiyig
territories reduced to January 7, 1^2 — Continued.
IOWA— Continued
Station
lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
sers'ed
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group /—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Council Bluffs
41 14
95 52
1900.69
9 32.2
9 26
' W. F. Wallis
Washington
41 15
91 42
1900.52
6 42.5
6 36
Do.
Oskaloosa
41 18
92 39
1900.53
7 58.2
7 52
Do.
Atlantic
41 22
94 58
1900.74
10 01.2
9 56
Do.
Davenport
41 30
9038
1888.68
6 09.1
5 12
J. B. Baylor
Menlo
41 31
94 23
1900.75
7 40.5
7 35
W. F. Wallis
Des Moines
41 36
93 36
1888.72
8 27.5
7 30
J. B. Baylor
Logan
41 39
95 47
1900.71
833.2
8 27
W. F. Walhs
Newton
41 42
93 04
1900.54
7 52.8
7 46
Do.
Marengo
41 46
92 04
1900.55
6 49-5
6 43
Do.
Onawa
42 01
96 04
1900.72
ij 46.0
II 40
Do.
Carroll
42 02
94 50
1900.73
9 09.2
9 04
Do.
Boone
42 02
93 54
1900.63
6 56.7
6 50
Do.
Anamosa
42 07
91 15
1900.55
6 34.4
6 28
Do.
Ida Grove
42 21
95 27
1900.72
9 23.0
9 17
Do.
Eldora
42 21
93 05
1900.62
7 51.0
7 45
Do.
Sioux City
42 27
96 23
1891.67
10 34. 2
9 49
J. B. Baylor
Dubuque
42 29
90 40
1900.56
5 30.2
5 24
W. F. Wallis
Manchester
42 29
91 27
1900.57
5 21.4
5 15
Do.
Waterloo
42 29
92 22
1900.58
7 14.0
708
Do.
Fort Dodge
42 30
94 12
1900.64
7 27.6
7 22
Do.
Fonda
42 35
94 50
1900.68
9 04.2
8 58
Do.
Hampton
42 44
93 II
1900.62
6 06.7
6 00
Do.
Cherokee
42 45
95 34
1900.67
10 28.3
10 22
Do.
Lemars
42 48
96 10
1900.67
10 01.7
9 56
Do.
West Union
42 54
91 50
1900.58
4 21.4
4 15
Do.
Charles City
43 03
92 41
1900.60
7 12.4
7 06
Do.
Enunetsbuig
43 04
94 42
1900.65
10 02. 6
9 56
Do.
Gamer
43 05
93 36
1900.61
9 II.
9 05
Do.
Hartley
43 10
95 29
1900.66
9 15.2
909
Do.
Perkins
43 II
96 II
1900.66
9 45.0
9 39
Do.
Decorah
43 18
91 49
1900.59
5 22.9
5 17
Do.
Sibley
43 24
95 43
1891.68
9 41.9
857
J. B. Baylor
Northwood
43 27
93 16
1900.60
6 57.1
6 51
W.F. Wallis
Group II
Lee County
• • •
• • • •
• • •
5 51
Mean, 3 stations
Bedford
40 41
94 42
1895"
9 10
8 42
County surveyor
Ringgold County
40 43
94 14
1875. 9
8 47
7 03
E. B. Heaton
Centerville
40.43
92 50
1896
8 40
8 16
County siu^eyor
Clarinda
40 43
95 00
1875. 9
10 42
8 58
J. W. McKinley
Page County
• • •
• • • •
1893
9 12
835
A. S. von Sandt
Keosaugua
40 44
91 56
1901.2
7 30
726
W.A.Duckworth
Fremont County
40 44
95 37
1875.9
10 04
8 20
G. C. Houghton
Davis County
• • •
• • • •
1895
8 10
7 42
Thomas Duffield
Decatur County
• • • •
. . . .
1895
7 57
7 29
County surveyor
Van Buren County
• • • •
• • • «
• • • •
7 01
I station
Near Winchester
40 50
91 56
1879. 7
8 10
6 39
J.B. Kaufman
Des Moines County
• • • •
• • •
1839
9 09
6 07
Mean, 16 stations
Henry County
a • • •
• • •
1837
9 29
6 27
Mean, 6 stations
Jefferson County
• • •
• • • •
1841
9 50
7 01
Do.
Wapello County
• «
• • • «
T844
9 49
7 01
Do.
Ottumwa
41 00
92 24
1895
7 25
657
County survevor
Coming
41 00
94 43
1895
9 10
8 42
Do.
156
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and otitlying
territories reduced to J actuary 7, 1^2 — Continued.
IOWA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Group //—Continued
Albia
Lucas
Afton
Glenwood
Wapello
Louisa County
Marion County
Adair County
Washington County
Keokuk County
Sigoumey
Pottawattamie County
Missouri River Bottom, near
Long's Engr. Canton-
ment, 1819
Muscatine County
Do.
Near Atalissa
Lost Grove
Shelby County
Iowa City
Near Iowa City
Johnson County
Iowa County
Guthrie County
Aikins, Cedar County
Wapsipinicon River
Cedar County
Tipton
Dewitt
Clinton County
Do.
Iron Ore
Elwood
Toledo
Denison
Crawford County
Monona County
Carroll County
Greene County
Do.
Story County
Ames
Story County
Marshalltown
Small Mill
Benton County
Linn County
Jones County
Bridge
Mill
Vinton
Jackson County '
Cheney's
41 01
41 03
41 03
41 04
Lonm-
tude
• •
41
41
• •
19
19
• •
41
•
21
>
41
•
24
41 3^
41 38
41 39
41 39
41 40
41 40
41 43
41 44 1
91 14
90 23
• •
41 45
41 49
41 52 '
• •
91 08
90 40
90 23
41 55 90 40
42 00
42 00
42 00
• • •
42 01
42 02
42 02
42 03
42 04
• • «
93 35
93 26
92 53
91 02
• • • «
• •
• • » •
42 06
42 10
42 10
• • • •
> >
91 02
90 37
92 01
92 47
93 28
94 10
95 42
91 II
•
93 05
94 26
92 II I
(
• • I
95 44 ,
90 54
91 15 I
95 16 ;
91 32
91 36
90 52
92 34
95 18
• • •
• • • •
94 20
Date of
observa-
tion
42 12 90 21
875.9
900.5
901.0
839
898.8
875.9
839
843
895
885.8
838
900
882.6
839.7
875.9
897.6
880.5
840
843
895
882.7
839.7
838
895
878
899.3
838
839.7
839.7
901.0
875.9
854
855
853
900.3
900.3
895
839.8
843
842
838
839.8
839. 8
875.9
839
S39.8
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
O f
9 05
7 40
8 40
9 32 .
5 40
8 20
8 03
10 28
9 28
9 32
7 20
• • • •
10 15
7 57
4 55
7 20.5
8 10
II 44
6 54
8 49.8
9 00
9 08
7 45
7 48.4
8 25
9 03
6 45
6 30
4 22
8 28
7 42.5
9 15
738
10 46
10 36
11 08
II 30
875.9 1037
6 27
7 44
8 00
9
9
9
9
9
9
8
04
35
32
22
20
15
38
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
7 21
7 37
8 12
9 25
536
5 18
7 49
844
8 19
9 t)5
6
6
6
9
9
38
44
52
21
05
4 54
4 48
6 00
5 08
10 00
635
7
6
6
7
6
5
6
6
4
4
5
4
21
10
20
17
28
23
01
17
54
10
26
40
6 13
7 34
9 02
8 00
8 32
851
8 16
853
631
6 20
7 37
7 32
6 02
6 47
6 44
633
6 18
6 13
6 54
5 29
6 03
Observer or
authority
C. Paine
S. B. Roddy
M. V. Aahby
S. Dean
W. S. Kremer
Mean, 14 stations
Jasper Nye
A. R. Dew
Mean, 19 stations
Mean, 12 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 2 stations
S. Dean
Mean, 15 stations
R.H.McCampbell
F. E. Nipher
J. Locke
W. Wyland
L. A. Parsons
F. E. Nipher
Mean, 18 stations
Mean, 11 stations
County surveyor
F. E. Nipher
J. Locke
Mean, 17 stations
John Zuck
R. G. Brown
A. Schnell
Mean, 24 stations
J. Locke and other
observers
J. I/>cke
W. Holstead
M. McHenry
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 30 stations
Mean, 4 stations
N. P. & L. Stillson
Mean, 2 stations
College students
Hodson & Deering
County surveyor
J. Locke
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 7 stations
J. Locke
Do.
J. A. Brown
Mean, 28 stations
J. Locke
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
157
Table of the most recent magnetic dedinatimis observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
lOWA—Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Obser\'er or
authoritv
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Fanners Creek
42 13
90 23
1839. 8
9 "
6 09
J. Locke
Maquoketa River
42 14
90 57
1839. 8
845
5 43
Do.
White Water
42 18
90 38
1839. 8
9 10
6 00
J. Locke
Woodbury County
• * •
• • • •
1855
12 00
9 40
Mean, 9 stations
Ida County
• • • •
• • • •
1854
II 24
9 03
Do.
Sac County
• • • «
• • • •
1853
10 02
7 33
Mean, 23 stations
Delaware County
42 20
91 08
1890
6 40
5 47
A. G. Wilson
Hopkinton
42 20
91 14
1890.3
5 35
4 42
Do.
North Branch Maquoketa R.
42 23
90 52
1839. 8
9 35
6 25
J. Locke
Webster County
•
•
1852
10 II
7 31
Mean, 17 stations
Manson
42 29
94 30
1894
9 25
852
County surveyor
Dubuque County
• • • •
• • •
1839
8 40
5 30
Mean, 20 stations
Little Maquoketa River
42 31
90 31
1839. 8
8 30
5 20
J. Locke
Sherald Mound
42 35
90 33
1839. 8
8 10
5 00
Do.
Log House
42 38
90 43
1839. 8
9 00
5 50
Do.
Turkey River
42 42
91 02
1839. 8
9 00
5 50
Do.
Hnmbioldt County
• • •
• > •
1853
10 02
7 23
Mean, 13 stations
Buena Vista County
• • • •
•
1855
10 36
8 06
Mean, 23 stations
Plymouth County
• • «
« • • •
1855
II 53
9 33
Mean, 8 stations
Cherokee County
• • • •
• •
1855
12 42
10 22
Mean, 17 stations
Cherokee Eclipse Station
42 46
95 38
1869.6
II 32
9 35
J. Blickensderfer
Pocahontas County
.. ..
• •
1855
II 40
9 04
Mean, 36 stations
Rolfe
42 48
94 29
1894
9 33
9 00
County surveyor
Fayette County
• • • •
• • •
1849
7 40
4 50
Mean, 2 stations
Clayton County
• • •
• • • •
1843
8 48
5 40
Mean, 9 stations
Do.
42 50
91 24
1875. 9
6 24
4 34
S. L. Peck
Gillett Grove
43 01
95 00
1893
8 45
8 07
P. M. Moore
Clay County
• • •
• • •
1857
10 56
8 23
Mean, 15 stations
Ferry, opp. Prairie du Chien
43 03
91 II
1839. 8
9.05
5 55
J. Locke
Sioux County
• • •
1856
II 17
9 00
Mean, 8 stations
O'Brien County
• • •
1857
II 24
9 00
Mean. 16 stations
Palo Alto County
• • • •
1854
II 45
9 07
Do.
Kossuth County
« • •
1854
10 28
7 50
Mean, 4 stations
Allamakee County
• • •
185 1
9 00
6 00
Mean, iS stations
Winneshiek County
• • •
1850
8 00
5 00
Mean, 16 stations
Emmet County
• • • •
1858
II 06
835
Mean, 12 stations
Lyon County
• • • •
1858
II 55
9 35
Mean, 6 stations
Cresco
43 21
92 06
1875. 9
852
7 08
L. Hassett
Dickinson County
• •
1857
12 32
10 05
Mean, 12 stations
Osceola County
•
1858
II 24
9 00
Mean, 11 stations
Do.
43 30
95 44
1900-3
7 45
7 37
M. J. Campbell
KANSAS
Group I
Liberal
Richfield
Wichita
Dodge City
Humboldt
Sargent
/
/
37 02
100 54
37 16
10 1 46
37 40
97 20
37 44
99 59
37 49
95 26
3805
loi 58
East
East
/
/
1900.89
II 15.0
II II
W. C. Dibrell
1900.88
II 42.8
II 39
Do.
18S8. 79
10 09.7
9 27
J. B. Baylor
1888.80
II 46.0
II 05
Do.
1878.55
10 04. 9
852
Do.
1878.61
12 44.3
II 39
Do.
158
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most rectnt viagnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, 1^02 — Continued.
KANSAS— Continued
Station
Group I — Continued
Burlington
Gamett
Great Bend» Fort Zarah
Emporia
Lacrosse
Lyndon
Ottawa
Skaggs
Fairmount
Schmidt
Smoky Hill
Baldwin
Olathe
Allen
Curlew
Southeast Base
Northwest Base
Trego
Hays
Big Creek
Lawrence
Blue Hill
McLane
Junction City
Waldo
Holton
Marysville
Hiawatha
Group II
Sedan
Chautauqua County
Anthony
Harper County
Comanche County
Seward County
Stevens County
Morton County
Cherokee County
Winfield
Independence
Meaae County
Clark County
Barber County
Sumner County
Cherryvale
Meade
Weir
Parsons
Moline
Elk County
Crawford County
Neosho County
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
38 12
38 16
38 24
38 26
3836
38 37
3838
38 40
3841
38 42
38 44
38 47
38 49
3850
3850
3851
3854
3854
3855
3856
3858
3859
39 02
39 02
39 10
39 28
39 50
39 51
37 07
• • • •
37 10
37 14
37 14
95 48
95 17
9843
96 12
99 16
95 41
95 16
99 45
99 00
100 03
99 33
95 10
95 01
9852
loi 46
98 47
9850
9938
99 16
99 54
95 15
99 06
101 57
96 53
98 50
95 44
96 39
95 32
96 10
98 01
Date of
observa-
tion
9658
95 42 !
37 17
95 33
37 18
100 21
37 19
94 45
37 20
95 17
37 21
96 17
1900.47
1900.47
1878. 58
1888.77
1892. 65
1900.46
1900.46
1893.54
1892.60
1893. 50
1893.59
1901.62
1892. 55
1892. 57
1893.68
1892.84
1893. 63
1892. 70
1893. 42
1877.87
1892. 77
1892.58
1888. 76
1892.51
1900.59
1900.60
1900.65
1900.0
1871
T896
1876
187 1
1874
1874
1874
1868
1895
1901
1873
187 1
1873
1871
1895
1896
1896
1879.6
1895
1867
1867
1867
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
o /
9 08.9
9 34.0
II 05.0
10 08.7
11 03.9
9 57.5
8 23.4
10 59. 4
11 06.3
II 30.8
11 12. I
• • • • • •
9 02.9
10 20.7
12 37.4
10 33. 5
10 35. 7
11 19. 1
II 26.0
10 59.6
9 51.6
11 10. o
12 03. I
10 05. 5
11 17.6
9 22.2
9 03-8
9 3^.8
849
10 25
9 50
10 50
12 00
11 54
12 18
12 20
10 25
9 15
7
II
55
55
II 50
II 45
II 20
8 28
II 10
8 03
9 32.
9 10
11 27
12 03
12 03
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
East
o /
9 04
9 29
9 56
9 24
10 34
9 52
8 18
10 33
10 36
11 04
10 45
8 23
9 02
9 48
12 07
10 07
10 06
10 52
10 56
10 32
839
10 41
11 35
9 21
10 47
9 17
859
9 27
8 42
8 56
9 32
9 37
10 40
10 41
11 05
II 07
851
853
7 53
10 40
10 31
10 30
9 56
8 06
10 52
7 44
8 22
8 48
9 51
10 27
10 27
C. K. Edmunds
Do.
J. B. Baylor
Do.
F. D. Granger
C . K. Edmunds
Do.
F. D. Granger
Do.
Do.
Do.
W. C. Bauer
J. M. Kuehne
F. D. Granger
F. W. Perkins
F. D. Granger
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
A. Braid
F. B. Granger
F. W. Perkins
J. B. Baylor
F. D. Granger
W. C. Bauer
Do.
J. W. Miller
A. J. Denick
Mean, 16 stations
J. B. Lee
Mean, 21 stations
Mean, 33 stations
Mean, 13 stations
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 20 stations
County surveyor
S. L. Hibbard
Mean, 9 stations
Mean, 27 stations
Mean, 36 stations
Mean, 29 stations
County surveyor
Do.
W. H. Dugger
F. E. Nipher
J. T. Chapman
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, 2 stations
Mean, 3 stations
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
159
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
KANSAS— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Wilson County
Kingman County
Kiowa County
Haskell County
Grant County
Stanton County
Pratt
Sedgwick County
Wichita
Ford County
Dodge City
Gray County
Butler County
Eldorado
Eureka
Greenwood County
Cimarron
Yates Center
Woodson County
Allen County
Bourbon County
Reno County
Edwards County
Kinsley
Finney County
Kearney County
Hamilton County
St. John
Stafford County
Hutchinson
Newton
Harvey County
Hodgeman County
Jetmore
Mound City
Linn County
Garfield County
Pawnee County
Larned
Anderson County
Coffey County
McPherson County
Lyons
Rice County
Chase County
Marion County
Marion
McPherson
McPherson County
Ness City
Ness County
Alexander
Barton County
Greeley County
Longi-
tude
• •
• •
• • • •
37 39
• « •
37 41
•
37 45
•
• • • •
37 49
37 49
• • • •
37 50
37 53
37 55
38 00
• • •
3S 03
3803
3805
38 09
38 II
38 16
38 20
38 21
38 22
• • •
38 27
> > • •
38 28
• • • t
98 44
• • • •
97 20
• • •
100 01
96 50
96 17
• • • •
100 21
95 44
99 24
9845
• * m
97 55
97 19
99 53
94 49
99 06
97 38
98 12
97 00
97 40
• • •
99 54
• • • •
99 33
Date of
observa-
tion
867
869
869
873
873
873
895
859
898.0
872
895
872
862
895
895
867
895
895
867
867
867
859
871
895
870
871
872
896
866
895
895
857
870
895
895
856
870
867
893
856
856
901
895
866
856
857
893
901.0
858
895
869
879.7
866
872
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
14
30
05
22
27
36
24
50
30
48
30
25
23
35
32
1 30
o 43
9 20
48
30
10
25
2 05
o 46
2 35
48
45
9
9
30
31
50
05
47
06
10
8 26
1 20
I
9
2 40
2 30
56
1 37
2 26
9 53
o 03
I
I
I
9
9
2
I
2
2
I
2
55
40
53
57
47
26
22
40
10
50
53
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
9 38
10 02
10 42
11 07
II 12
II 21
10 02
10 10
10 16
lo 31
10 09
11 08
9 46
9 14
9 II
9 54
10 21
859
10 12
9 54
9 34
10 45
10 46
10 25
11 14
II 29
II 28
10 12
10 00
9 28
9 43
10 06
10 45
10 49
8 04
9 30
11 19
II 05
10 29
9 47
10 36
9 50
9 41
10 24
9 50
10 12
9^8
9 44
10 45
11 01
II 18
II 07
10 19
11 36
Observer or
authority
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 24 stations
Mean, 30 stations
Mean/ 13 stations
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 15 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 12 stations
R. H. Brown
Mean, 7 stations
J. G. Fonda
Mean, 5 stations
Mean, 23 stations
T. H. Austin
H. E. Robb
Mean, 21 stations
County surveyor
Do.
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, 6 stations
Do.
Mean, 9 stations
Mean, 12 stations
C3nais Roberts
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 8 stations
Mean,** 14 stations
W. F. Noble.
Mean, 4 stations
County surveyor
James Dawson
Mean, 5 stations
Mean, 19 stations
A. L. Hull
County surveyor
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 12 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 5 stations
H. A. Rowland
County surveyor
Mean, 9 stations
Do.
Mean, 12 stations
County surveyor
H. A. Rowland
Mean, 12 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 19 stations
J. B. Kaufman
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 13 stations
i6o
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the inost recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
KANSAS— Continued
Station
Group //—'Continued
Wichita County
Scott County
Lane County
Lyon County
McPherson County
Lacrosse
Miami County
Franklin County
Osage County
Morris County
Ellsworth County
Ellsworth
Saline County
Salina
Johnson County
Hays
Ellis County
Wallace
Wallace County
Logan County
Gove County
Trego County
Russell County
Dickinson County
Abilene
Ellis
New Fort Hays
Four miles north of Detroit
Geary County
Wabaunsee County
Alma
Shawnee County
Lincoln County
Ottawa County
Wyandotte County
Manhattan
Riley County
Jefferson County
Leavenworth County
Leavenworth
Goodland
Sherman County
Riley County
Osborne County
Do.
Thomas County
Sheridan County
Rooks County
Fort Leavenworth
Graham County
Do.
Osborne County
Clay County
Clay Center
Longi-
tude
Date of
obsreva-
tion
o /
• •
3831
3832
38 44
• • • •
3851
• • •
38 52
• • •
3855
3856
3856
38 59
39 00
39 01
39 10
• • • •
39 18
39 19
• • • •
39 20
39 20
39 21
39 21
• • • •
39 22
a • • •
39 22
o /
97 22
99 20
• • • •
98 14
• • • •
97 36
• • •
99 19
• • «
loi 35
97 II
99 34
99 20
97 08
96 16
96 34
94 56
loi 42
• • • •
96 52
98 54
• • • •
• * • •
94 54 I
100 05 i
• « •
98 47
• •
97 06
870
870
870
856
900.7
895
856
856
856
856
859
895
858
• • •
856
895
868
872.8
872
870
869
868
866
856
895
872.8
867.5
879.7
857
856
892
856
859
858
855
897.5
856
855
855
900.0
888.5
871
899.5
899.5
864
870
869
865
858.5
898.5
867
9C0. 6
857
895
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
o /
17
05
50
25
12
22
48
28
48
45
38
17
15
•
30
20
10
17.9
00
10
25
55
00
50
00
24.9
48
45
10
44
04
45
30
00
13
9 40
1 50
53
1 20
8 40
2 24
3 15
9 28
o 58
2 09
3 17
3 22
2 50
o 59
55
50
56
30
9 59
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
II 56
II 44
11 29
10 35
10 07
10 00
958
938
10 58
9 55
10 57
9 55
10 34
10 28
8 40
10 59
10 46
12 01
11 44
11 49
12 03
II 31
10 29
10 09
938
11 08
II 23
9 35
10 20
9 54
9 31
10 55
10 50
10 19
9 22
9 24
10 00
9 03
9 30
833
11 42
II 56
9 19
10 49
10 35
11 56
12 00
II 23
9 10
II 43
II 25
10 51
10 49
9 37
Observer or
authority
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 8 stations
H. A. Rowland
County surveyor
Mean, 4 stations
Do.
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 7 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 9 stations
O. P. Hamilton
Mean, 9 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 18 stations
T. C. Hilgard
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 9 stations
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 15 stations
Do.
Mean, 10 stations
County surveyor
T. C. Hilgard
M.R.Brown
J. B. Kaufman
Mean, 2 stations
Mean, 9 stations
County surveyor
I station
Mean, 9 stations
Do.
Mean, 7 stations
Noble & Paul
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 13 stations
E. Diefendorf
D. A. Long
Mean, 13 stations
O. E. Noble
A. P. Duryea
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 23 stations
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 15 stations
J. H. Simpson
J. W. Rawson
Mean, 15 stations
A. P. Duryea
Mean, 16 stations
County surveyor
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
l6l
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
KANSAS— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
•
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
o /
/
East
/
East
/
Westmoreland
39 24
96 23
1895
9 08
8 46
County surve^'or
Pottawatomie County
• •
• « • •
1855
12 00
10 09
Mean, 11 stations
Mitchell County
• « •
• « • •
1862
12 50
II 13
Mean, 9 stations
Jackson County
*
• • •
1855
II 46
9 55
Mean, 5 stations
Stockton
39 26
99 17
1895
II 13
10 52
County surveyor
Osborne
39 27
98 41
1895
10 58
10 37
A. A. Nolan
Cloud County
• •
• • • •
1858
13 12
II 31
Mean, 12 stations
Concordia
39 34
97 40
1900.0
9 15
9 08
County surveyors
Atchison
39 34
95 09
1892
8 43
8 10
City engineer
Atchison County
• •
• •
1855
II 08
9 17
Mean, 16 stations
Jewell
39 40
9809
1894
10 40
10 15
County surveyor
Jewell County
• • •
• • •
1862
12 28
10 51
Mean, 14 stations
Cheyenne County
•
• • • •
1870
13 37
12 16
Mean, 19 stations
Rawlins County
• • • •
« • «
1870
13 20
II 59
Mean, 17 stations
Decatur County
• • • •
• • •
1864
13 30
12 03
Mean, 7 stations
Norton County
• •
• • •
1865
13 00
II 33
Mean, 14 stations
Phillips County
• •
• • •
1859
13 23
II 51
Mean, 18 stations
Phillipsburg
39 46
99 20
1895
10 58
10 37
F. R. Weeks
Smith County
• • •
• • *
1862
13 15
II 38
Mean, 1 1 stations
Smith Center
39 46
98 48
1895
II 39
II 17
W. H. Withington
Doniphan County
• • • •
• • •
1855
II 20
9 29
Mean, 12 stations
Do.
39 47
95 06
1900.0
8 54
8 47
F. P. Marsh
Marshall County
• •
• • • •
1855
II 50
9 59
Mean, 18 stations
Nemaha County
• •
• • •
1855
II 20
9 29
Mean, 22 stations
Washington County
39 49
97 02
1899.0
10 29
10 19
T. C. Edington
Do.
• •
• » •
1856
II 57
10 06
Mean, 19 stations
Seneca
39 50
96 04
1900.0
852
8 45
M. Mathews
Republic County
• • •
• • •
1658
12 03
10 22
Mean, 9 stations
Brown County
•
• • • •
1855
II 40
9 49
Mean, 23 stations
Vermilion Creek
39 57
96 16
1858. 6
II 35
9 46
J. H. Simpson
Big Blue River
40 00
96 35
1858. 6
14 10
12 21
Do.
KENTUCKY
Group I
Hickman
Williamsburg
Mayiield
Russellville
Twenty-seven Mile Island
Oakland
Patterson Landing
Upper Point of Rocks
Paaucah
Princeton
Greenville
Madisonville
Livingston
Leitchfield
Stanford
27478 — 02-
/
36 34
36 45
36 45
36 50
36 57
37 02
37 03
37 04
37 04
37 07
.37 13
37 19
37 20
37 30
37 31
89 12
84 09
88 41
8653
88 14
86 15
88 25
88 17
8837
87 53
87 II
87 33
84 14
86 22
84 44
1881. 73
1900.47
1881.74
1901.56
1865. 15
1871.85
1865. 18
1865. 13
1901-50
1901.51
1901.55
1881. 76
1900.47
1881.77
1881.79
EorW
5
o
5
3
7
6
6
7
4
3
47-3
50.4
12.9
19.2
22
14.2
44
25
25.6
46. 6 E
3 47. o E
5 06. 2 E
o 29. 9 E
3 19-3 E
4 15.8 E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
EorW
o /
4 30E
o 45 H
3 55E
3 17E
5 07E
4 23E
4 29 E
5 loE
4 24E
3 45E
345E
3 49E
o 25 E
2 04E
3 01 E
J. B. Baylor '
D. L. Hazard
J. B. Baylor
W. Weinrich
A. T. Mosman
Mosman & Smith
A. T. Mosman
Do.
W. Weinrich
Do.
Do.
J. B. Baylor
D. L. Hazard
J. B. Baylor
Do.
II
1 64
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January i, igo2 — Continued.
LOUISIANA— Continued
Station
Group II — Continued
Ascension Parish
Lake Charles
Calcasieu Parish
West Baton Rouge Parish
Covington
St. Tammany Parish
East Baton Rouge Parish
Opelousas
Cnappeau
Tangipahoa Parish
St. Landry Parish
Pointe Coupee Parish
St. Francisville
West Feliciana Parish
East Feliciana Parish
Washington Parish
Avoyelles Parish
Vernon Parish
Leesville
Alexandria
Rapides Parish
Gaines Ferry
Concordia Parish
Many
Sabine Parish
Catahoula Parish
Public Survey Station
Natchitoches
Public Survey Station
Grand Ecore
Public Survey Station
Tensas Parish
Kelly
Caldwell Parish
Winnsboro
Franklin Parish
Bossier Parish
Madison Parish
Public Survey Station
Richland Parish
Monroe
Ouachita Parish
Ruston
Lincoln Parish
Minden
Aycock
Lake Providence
East Carroll Parish
West Carroll Parish
Morehouse Parish
Public Survey Station
Lati-
tude
30 13
30 28
30 32
30 33
• • •
30 48
Longi-
tude
• • • \
31 40
31 44
31 45
31 48
31 50
• • •
31 58
• •
32 09
• • » •
32 16
• • • •
32 25
• • • •
32 29
32 30
•
32 35
32 42
32 47
• •
•
t • • •
32 50
o /
• • • •
93 12
• • • •
« • •
90 06
92 04
90 20
91 23
31 08
31 17
93 15
92 27
• «
31 28
93 45
• • •
31 33
• • • *
93 29
92 32
93 05
92 22
93 07
92 32
• • •
92 10
• •
91 42
• • • •
93 28
a • • •
92 32
• • •
92 08
• • •
92 37
• • •
93 17
92 54-
91 09
Date of
observa-
tion
92 22
896
901
867
896
901.0
848
896
897
895
840
854
852
901
852
853
845
850
877
901
872.3
873
840.4
837
901. 2
895
844
835.5
895
834.5
872.3
834.5
839
899.0
842
900.5
838
901
838
836.5
841
872.3
848
900
895
895
901
894
846
855
854
835-5
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
o /
6 00
6 20
8 20
6 40
5 19
7 52
6 00
6 27
6 00
7 57
8 34
835
6 05
8 04
8 00
7 55
833
7 40
6 30
7 43-9
8 19
8 40.5
8 32
6 56
6 30
838
8 40
7 05
8 30
7 52.4
8.30
8 20
6 32
8 40
6 00
8 28
7 12
825
8 30
8 23
7 35-5
8 30
6 30.
7 00
8 30
6 30
6 30
8 10
8 22
8 25
8 40
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
5
6
6
6
5
5
5
6
5
5
6
6
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
5
6
41
18
32
21
16
31
41
12
38
29
21
19
6 03
48
45
31
14
19
28
08
47
13
6 04
6 53
08
15
12
43
02
17
02
52
22
14
55
00
7
5
6
5
6
6
6
6
10
57
02
56
00
09
25
38
8 08
6 28
04
47
10
12
12
6
5
6
6
6
Observer or
authoritv
Parish surveyor
G. O. Elms
Mean, 35 stations
Parish surveyor
G. D. Harris
Mean, 32 stations
R. Swart
G. O. Elms
Thomas Garahy
Mean, 13 stations
Mean, 52 stations
Mean, 16 stations
W. B. Smith
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, 20 stations
Mean, 18 stations
Mean, 4 stations •
Elzie Stokes
T. C. Hilgard
Mean, 6 stations
J. D. Graham
Mean, 8 stations
D. Vandegaer
I station
Mean, 20 stations
Public surveyor
Parish surveyor
Public surveyor
T. C. Hilgard
Public surveyor
Mean, 16 stations
A.J. McDaniel
Mean, 3 stations
B. W. Leigh
Mean, 1 2 stations
G. D. Alexander
Mean, 15 stations
Public surveyor
Mean, 17 stations
T. C. Hilgard
Mean, 5 stations
H. T. Riser
I station
Parish surveyor
B. R. Coleman
Parish surveyor
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, ii stations
Mean, 23 stations
Public surveyor
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
165
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January i , 1^02 — Continued.
MAINE
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group I
/
1
/
West
/
West
/
Appledore Island
42 59
70 37
1847. 62
10 03. 5
13 13
T. J. Lee
Kittery Point
43 05
70 43
1898.86
13 12.3
13 18
E. Smith
Cape Neddick
43 12
70 36
1851.66
II 09.0
13 59
J. E. Hilgard
Agamenticus
43 13
70 42
1847. 74
10 09.8
13 18
Lee & Fauntleroy
Kennebunk Port
43 21
70 28
1851.65
II 23.6
14 14
J.,E. Hilgard
Fletcher Neck
43 27
70 20
1850. 69
II 17.5
14 12
Do.
Richmond Island
43 33
70 14
1850. 71
12 18. I
15 12
Do.
Portland
43 39
70 17
1895.57
14 16.2
14 29
J. B. Baylor
Harpswell
43 44
70 01
1863.55
14 25.5
16 24
C. A. Schott
Mount Independence
43 46
70 19
1849. 77
II 46.4
14 44
G. Davidson
Cape Small
43 47
69 51
1851.80
12 05.5
14 44
G. W. Dean
Freeport
43 51
70 06
1863. 53
14 II. 7
16 00
C. A. Schott
Brunswick
43 54
6958
1873- 70
14 18.0
15 28
T. C. Hilgard
Bath
43 55
69 49
1863.52
12 51.8
14 40
C. A. Schott
Daniariscotta
44 02
69 32
1887.60
15 12.8
15 40
J. B. Baylor
Mount Pleasant
44 02
70 49
1851.64
14 32. 1
17 22
G. W. Dean
Rockland
44 06
69 06
1863. 52
15 02. 1
16 50
C. A. Schott
Mount Sabattus
44 09
70 05
1853. 57
12 53.5
15 24
J. E. Hilgard
Camden Village
44 12
69 05
1854. 83
13 57.1
16 22
Dean ^ Breckin-
ridge
Mount Ragged
44 13
69 09
1854. 74
14 16.8
16 42
Dean & Harris
South West Harbor
44 15
68 18
1856. 74
15 25.2
17 30
S. Harris
Mount Desert
44 21
68 14
1856. 77
15 14.2
17 20
G. W. Dean
Belfast
44 26
69 01
1863. 52
15 30.3
17 18
C. A. Schott
Mill Bridge
44 32
67 54
1887.62
17 04.9
17 26
J. B. Baylor
Howard
44 38
67 24
1859. 61
18 31.6
20 13
G. W. Dean
Mount Saunders
44 39
68 36
1856. 82
14 59.4
17 04
Dean & Toomer
Epping Base, east end
44 40
67 50
1857.5
16 20
18 II
C. 0. Boutelle
Mount Harris
44 40
69 09
1855. 67
14 34. 6
16 45
Dean & Mclver
Farmington
44 40
70 09
1887. 76
14 56. 2
15 17
J. B. Baylor
Machiasport
Pittsfield
44 41
67 24
1887.64
17 42.9
17 58
Do.
44 46
69 22
1887. 74
15 59.3
16 20
Do.
Bangor
44 48
6847
1895. 58
16 57.4
17 05
Do.
Humpback
44 52
68 07
1858. 65
15 47. 8
17 34
Dean & Mosman
Eastport
44 54
6659
1895.61
18 53.2
18 58
J. B. Baylor
Cooper
44 59
67 28
1859. 69
16 31.9
18 13
G. W. Dean
Calais
45 II
67 17
1895.64
17 25.3
17 30
G. R. Putnam
Greenville
45 28
6936
1887. 73
16 48. 1
17 09
J. B. Bavlor
Mattawamkeag
45 31
68 24
1887. 72
17 56.6
18 12
Dol
Vanceboro
45 34
67 27
1887. 70
18 21.6
18 37
Do.
Danforth
45 40
6758
1887. 71
18 22. 7
18 38
Do.
Hottlton
46 07
67 53
1887.68
19 00.3
19 15
Do.
Presque Isle
46 39
68 00
1S87.66
20 03.8
20 19
Do.
Group II
Hiram
43 50
70 45
1845.2
II 58
15 18
Wadsworth
Ra)rmond
43 57
70 24
1838.5
9 45
13 33
3d Geol. Report
West Thomaston
44 05
69 05
1840. 5
12 II
15 40
Do.
Greenwood ,
44 20
70 45
1845.5
12 08
15 25
Do.
Bethel ,
44 27
70 51
1845.5
II 50
15 07
Do.
Searsport
44 28
68 56
1901
16 20
16 21
J. W. Brock
North Vassalboro
44 30
69 40
1880.5
15 35
16 22
I. E. Getchell
Rumford
44 30
70 40
1840.5
II 10
14 50
3d Geol. Report
Steuben
44 31
67 58
1895
17 05
17 16
County surveyor
i68
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
MARYLAND— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
•
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group /—Continued
/
/
West
/
West
/
Middlebrook
39 II
77 14
1899-53
449.7
4 57
Vehrenkamp
Cross Roads I
39 II
77 12
1899.54
6 03.0
6 10
Do.
North Point
39 12
76 27
1847. 32
I 39.6
506
T.J.Lee
Fairfax Stone
39 12
79 29
1897. 59
3 07.2
3 21
L. A. Bauer
Camp Fairfax
39 13
79 29
1897.60
3 05.8
3 20
Do.
Chestertown
39 13
76 05
1897. 41
5 47.0
6 02
Do.
Tolchester
39 13
76 14
1897. 41
5 37.1
5 52
Do.
Dickerson
39 14
77 25
1900.25
2 33.0
2 38
J. A. Fleming
Unity
39 14
77 04
1896.87
5 36.0
5 52
L. A. Bauer
Backbone Mountain
39 14
79 29
1897- 64
3 06.9
3 21
Do.
Baltimore, Fort McHenry
39 16
76 35
1895. 74
5 20.3
5 40
J. B. Baylor
Ellicott City, S. M.
39 16
7648
1900.45
5 12.9
5 18
Do.
Ellicott City, N. M.
39 16
7648
1900.45
4 59.6
5 04 .
Do.
Ellicott City
39 16
76 48
1896.81
4 44.3
5 01
L. A. Bauer
Pooles Island
39 17
76 16
1847. 48
2 29.3
5 55
T.J.Lee
Corunna, N. M.
39 17
79 23
IQ00.41
3 22.9
328
W. M. Brown
Damascus
39 17
77 12
1896. 87
4 02.8
4 19
L. A. Bauer
Massey
39 18
75 48
1896.72
6 25.0
6 42
Do.
Rosanne
39 18
76 43
1845.44
2 10.9
5 43
T.J.Lee
Lisbon
39 20
77 04
1899.37
4 41.8
4 50
L. A. Bauer
Maryland Heights
39 20
77 43
1897- 57
4 19.2
4 33
Do.
Betterton
39 22
76 04
1899.47
4 03.9
4 12
Do.
Lower Hill
39 22
79 29
1897. 73
3 16.7
3 30
Do.
Sykesville
39 22
7658
1899. 37
6 24.0
6 32
Do.
Finlay
39 ^A
76 32
1846. 29
2 18.5
5 48
Lee & Locke
Towson, M. L.
39 24
76 36
1897. 32
5 46.6
6 01
L. A. Bauer
Oakland
39 25
79 25
1899.43
3 25.7
3 34
Do.
Frederick, Asylum
39 25
77 25
1896.76
4 42.2
4 59
Do.
Bradshaw
39 25
76 23
1897. 37
5 18.8
5 34
Do.
Swanton
39 27
79 12
1899.44
3 36.6
3 44
Do.
Osbornes Ruin
39 28
76 17
1845. 47
2 32.4
6 04
T. J. Lee
Belcamp
39 28
76 14
1896.85
6 05.7
6 22
L. A. Bauer
Reistertown
39 28
76 50
1899.38
7 02.6
7 II
Do.
Hydes
39 '29
76 29
1897.35
5 44.7
5 59
Do.
Cockeysville
39 29
76 39
1896. 74
6 02. 1 ,
6 19
Do.
Libertytown
39 29
77 14
1899.38
4 47.2
4.55
Do.
Western port
39 29
79 02
1897. 59
3 46.2
4.00
Do.
Snaggy Mountain
Taylors Hill
39 29
79 29
1897. 74
3 37.2
3.51
Do.
39 30-
79 30
1897. 75
3 31.7
3-45
Do.
Havre de Grace
39 32
76 05
1899.47
5 24.4
5.32
Do.
Belair, Hotel
39 32
76 21
1897.08
5 41.5 .
5.57
Do.
Belair, Dallam
39 32
76 21
1897.- 36
4 37-2
4.52
Do.
McHenry
39 33
79 21
1899.43
3 36.3
3.44
Do.
Church ville
39 34
76 15
1897. 35
5 43.2
5.58
Do.
Lonaconing
39 34
78 59-
1898.66
3 510
4,01
Do.
Fikes Hill, west
39 34
79 30
1897. 78
3 40.4
3.54
Do.
Fikes Hill, east
39 35
79 29
1897. 77
3 40.3
3.54
. Do.
Thomas Run
39 35
76 17
1897. 35
5 37.8
5.52
Do.
Forest Hill
39 35
76 23
1896.85
5 24.5
5.41
Do.
Westminster
39 35
77 00
1896.77
5 06.9
5.24
Do.
Westminster, S. M.
39 35
77 00
1900.45
4 45.0
4.50
J. B. Baylor
Westminster, N. M.
39 35
77 00
1900.46
4 48.1
4.53
Do.
Elkton, S. M.
39 36
75 50
1900.44
5 21.3
526
Do.
Elkton, N. M.
39 36
75 50
1900.44
5 51.5
556
Do.
Elkton
39 36
75 50
1896. 79
5 12.0
5 29
L. A. Bauer
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
169
Table of ike most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, 1^02 — Continued.
MARYLAND— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group /—Continued
/
/
1
West
/
West
/
Hagerstown
39 36
77 43
1896.77
4 34.2
4 51
L. A. Bauer
Hagerstown, N. M.
39 38
77 45
1900.44
4 36.7
4 41
J. A. Fleming
New Germany
3938
79 07
1899.44
3 59.0
4 07
L. A. Bauer
Accident
39 38
79 19
1899.43
3 44.8 .
3 52
Do.
Dublin, fgabbrorock)
Minefiela
39 39
76 16
1897. 37
10 00.9
10 16
L. A. Bauer
39 39
76 22
1897.37
6 53.7
708
Do.
Parkton
39 39
76 40
1899.45
5 59.1
6 07
Do.
Cumberland M. L.
39 40
78 46
1897. 62
4 06.4
4 20
Do.
Highland
39 40
76 22
1897. 37
5 33.2
5 48
Do.
Manchester
39 40
76 53
1899.38
5 34.7
5 43
Do.
Taneytown
39 40
77 II
1899.38
457.8
506
Do.
Calvert
39 42
75 58
1899.47
5 26.0
5 34
Do.
Rising Sun
39 42
76 03
1899.47
5 08.8
5 16
Do.
Hancock
39 42
78 10
1897. 57
4 24.9
4 39
Do.
Grantsville
39 42
79 09
1899.43
3 58.4
4 06
Do.
Cardiff, Peerless Quarry
39 43
76 19
1897. 37
6 51. 1
706
Do.
Cardiff, Schoolhouse
39 43
76 20
1897.37
7 27.7
7 42
Do.
Cardiff, Boundary Station
39 43
76 20
1897.37
8 35.5
8 50
Do.
Cardiff, Railroad
39 43
76 20
1896.85
4 25.9
4 42
Do.
Group II
Monie Bay
38 13
75 54
1860.6
2 35
5 "
D. S. Hessey
Vienna
38 29
75 49
1886.6
4 50
5 42
J. W. Thompson
A.shton
3908
77 01
1893. 1
5 28
5 57
H. B. Looker
On boundary line between
39 28
79 03
1898.5
3 09.1
3 20
W. M. Brown
Allegany and Garrett
counties
Do.
39 30
79 03
1898.5
3 46.8
358
• Do.
Do.
39 33
79 01
1898.5
3 54.4
4 05
Do.
Do.
39 35
79 00
1898.5
3 54.1
4 05
Do.
Do.
3938
7858
1898.5
4 00. 2
4 II
Do.
Do.
39 40
78 57
1898.5
4 02.9
4 14
Do.
Do.
39 43
78 55
1898.5
4 04.2
4 15
Do.
MASSACHUSETTS
Group I
Nantucket Cliff
Sampson Hill
Indian
Vineyard Haven
Tarpaulin Cove
Fairhaven
Hyannis
Chatham
Shootflying
Copecut
Cromeset
Wellfleet
Manomet
Provincetown
/
41
17
41
23
41
26
41
28
41
28
41
37
41
38
41
40
41
41
41
43
41
44
41
56
41
56
42 03 1
'
West
t
West
'
70 06
1895. 49
12 11. 1
12 24
J. B. Baylor
T. J. Lee
70 29
1846. 56
8 48.7
II 56
70 41
1846. 61
8 49.4
II 57
Do.
70 36
1875. 72
10 34.2
II 45
J. M. Poole
70 45
1846. 60
9 12. 1
12 19
T. J. Lee
70 54
1845. 80
8 54.2
12 05
Do.
70 18
1846. 65
9 21.6
12 29
Lee & Fauntleroy
69 57
1860.69
II II. 6
13 19
C. A. Schott
70 21
1846. 66
9 40.3
12 48
Lee & Fauntleroy
71 04
1844.77
9 08.8
12 24
T. J. Lee
70 43
1887. 47
II 46
12 18
G. Bradford
70 02
i860. 70
10 43.5
12 52
C. A. Schott
70 36
1867.58
10 24.6
12 05
C. 0. Boutelle
70 II
1895. 53
12 59.2
13 12
J. B. Baylor
172
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, igo2 — Continued.
MICHIGAN— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Group //—Continued
Pontiac
Algonac
Barry County
Hastings
Oakland County
Macomb County
Sau^atuck
Agricultiu-al College
Black Leg Harbor
Public Survey Station
Stag Island
Grand River
Ottawa County
Ionia County
Clinton County
Shiawassee County
St. Clair County
Fort Gratiot
Public Survey Station
Genesee County
Kent County
2 m. south of Lakeport
Elsie
Lapeer County
4 m. south of Lexington
Muskegon
I m. south of Lexington
I m. north of Lexington
Muskegon County
Montcalm County
Gratiot County
Public Survey Station
3 m. S. of New London Pt.
Public Survey Station
Saginaw County
Wahley
Whitehall
New London Point
St. Louis
Sanilac County
Port Sanilac
Saginaw
Tuscola County
Fremont
Miller Creek
Cherry Creek
Little Point aux Sables
Newaygo County
Benona
Mount Pleasant
Elk Creek
3 m. W. of Quamakissee R.
Oceana County
Mecosta County
Isabella County
42 37
42 37
• • • •
42 38
42 40
42 45
42 46
42 50
42 53
42 55
T ^«^ Date of I Declina-
^T* observa- ! tion ob-
I tion served
Declina-
tion in
1902
43 00
43 00
43 19
43 20
43 20
• • • a
43 22
43 22
43 23
43 24
• •
43 25
43 25
43 34
43 36
43 37
43 37
83 19
82 32
• •
85 18
• • •
• • •
86 12
84 31
86 12
84 22
82 27
86 10
82 25
84 22
85 59
82 31
84 22
• * •
82 32
86 25
82 31
84 36
• • •
82 32
8358
43 28
8558
43 28
8233
43 30 !
82 34
43 31
85 54
86 30
84 47
82 35
83 43
43 05
43 06
82 28
8425
• « •
43 12
43 13
43 15
43 16
• • • >
• •
82 30
86 19
82 31
82 31
• • •
895
867.0
829
901
819
817
871.6
901.3
871.6
826.5
866.5
837.5
835
895
831
824
821
873.5
831.5
823
837
859.8
901.2
826
859.8
871.5
859.6
859.7
838
839
831
837.5
858.8
832.5
827
860.4
871.5
858.8
876.8
833
858.7
876.7
835
872
858.7
858.6
837.5
830
870.6
895
858. 6
857.7
839
841
839
Eor W
o /
o 28
o 04
5 03
00
4 37
4 50
2 22
o
2
4
o
4
5
o
3
3
4
o
3
3
4
o
o
4
o
4
I
1 21
4
3
3
6
I
3
3
I
4
o
o
3
o
o
3
I
o 43
o 42
6 00
29
23.
55
22
30
32
30
50
21
41
37
27
41
23
15
35
39
36
02
00
19
33
08
15
14
00
12
05.
02.
43
58.
07
30
23.
50
45
3
4
o
o
I
4
4
3
35
56
30
35
32
48
08
21
W
E
E
E
E
E
W
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
W
E
E
E
W
W
E
W
E
W
W
E
E
E
E
W
E
E
W
E
W
E
E
W
E
E
E
W
W
E
E
E
W
W
E
E
E
E
E or
W
/
57
w
2 35
w
37
E
02
W
05
E
02
W
03
E
32
W
05
E
27 E
2 19
E
31
E
I 30
E
01
E
34
\V
I 08 W
10
W
2 47
w
57
w
49
w
03
E
3 24
W
38W
06 W
3 45
W
I 43
E
4 09
W
4 30
W
20
E
38
W
I 16 W
2 15
E
4 26 w
I 22
W
I 16 W
4 II
W
I 43
E
3 55
W
57
W
I 26 W
3 43
w
I 33
w
27
w
30
w
356W
3 55
w
2 00
E
57
W
2 33
E
59
W
3 48W
I 44
W
50
E
02
E
50 W
Observer or
authority
County surveyor
O. N. Chaffee
Mean, 16 stations
L. S. Cobb
Mean, 21 stations
Mean, 15 stations
H. Custer
H. K. Vedder
Farauhar & Foote
Public surveyor
F. M. Towar
Mean, 18 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 14 stations
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, 18 stations
A. N. Lee
Public surveyor
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, 24 stations
W. H. Hearding
Charles ISAAy
Mean, 17 stations
W. H. Hearding
L. Foote
W. H. Hearding
Do.
Mean, 20 stations
Mean, 19 stations
Mean, 13 stations
Public surveyor
W. H. Hearding
Public surveyor
Mean, 17 stations
W. P. Smith
Farquhar & Foote
W. H. Hearding
D. W. Lockwood
Mean, 31 stations
W. H. Hearding
D. W. Lockwood
Mean, 22 stations
W. S. Merrill
W. H. Hearding
Do.
Mean, 24 stations
J. W. Cuyler
Countv surveyor
W.H. Hearding
Do.
Mean, 18 stations
Mean, 15 stations
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
173
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlyijig
territories reduced to January 7, igo2 — Continued.
MICHIGAN— Continued
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
Declina-
Declina-
Station
observa-
tion ob-
1
tion in
tion
served
1902
Group //—Continued
' /
1
/
Eor W
/
E or W
f
Midland County
•
• • •
1832
3 II E
I II W
Saginaw River, mouth
43 39
83 50
1856. 5
I 28 K
I 52 w
Forest ville
43 40
82 34
1873. 5
I 30. 7 W
34IW
4 m. NW. of Saginaw River
43 41
8355
1856. 5
I 28 E
I 52 w
Big Rapids
43 42
85 28
1900.7
27 E
21 E
White Rock Point
43 43
82 36
1858.6
21 W
334W
Bay County
• •
• •
1839
2 29 E
I 42 W
Pdre Marquette River
43 44
85 43
1837- 5
4 34 E
14E
Public Survey Station
43 45
84 22
1832. 5
2 55 E
I 27 w
Nyahquing Point
43 46
8356
1856.5
I 14 E
2 06 W
Sharpe Bay
43 47
82 36
1858. 5
iS W
3 31 W
Pentwater
43 47
86 25
1895
I 45 E
I 16 E
Cranes Point
43 50
82 38
1858. 5
16 W
3 30 W
Harbor Beach, south end
43 50
82 38
1901.5
; 2 34. 8 W
2 37 W
Harbor Beach, middle
43 51
82 38
1901-5
2 41. 5 W
244W
SouUi of Point aux Barques
43 51
82 42
1835.5
I 38 E
2 51 w
20 m. \V. of Pt. aux Barques
43 51
83 06
1835. 5
2 06 E
2 23 W
Huron County
• •
• • • •
1835
: 239 E
I 50 w
Stony Island
43 52
83 26
1857.5
24 E
2 54 W
Forest Bay
43 53
82 40
1858. 5
03 E
3 II W
Sand Point
43 55
83 23
1858. 7
32 E
2 41 W
Stafford
43 57
82 42
, 1858. 5
12 W
3 26 W
P^re Marquette
43 57
86 27
1871.6
, 4 18 E
2 ooE
Standish
43 58
83 59
1895
2 00 W
2 29 W
Arenac County
1844
2 18 E
I 47 W
Gladwin County
1850
2 41 E
I 00 W
Clare County
1847
3 39 E
II W
Osceola County
1842
3 37 E
26 W
Lake County
1839
3 37 E
21 W
Mason County
1938
' 5 18 E
I 19 E
Oak Point, near
43 59
83 11
1857.7
I 05 E
2 12 E
Pointe aux Gres
43 59
83 40
1857.7
I 30 E
I 47 E
Little Lake Sable
43 59
86 28
1866.7
, 4 12 E
I 34 E
2 m. north of Stafford
44 00
82 45
1858. 5
08 E
3 06 W
Pt. aux Barques L. H., near
44 00
82 46
1858. 5
1 05 E
3 09W
Partridge River
44 00
83 03
1857. 6
; 08 E
3 09 W
Hat Point
44 00
8306
ti857.7
40 E
237W
Pointe aux Barques
44 01
8247
1857.5
00. 4 W
3 18 W
Willow River
44 02
82 50
1857.4
12 W
3 30 W
Gravelly Point
44 03
83 34
1857. 7
I 25 E
I 52 w
Point aux Barques
44 04
82 57
1857.5
00
3 18 W
6 m. N. of White Stone Pt.
44 12
83 33
1857. 5
34 E
2 44 w
Cadillac
44 14 1
85 25
1881
22 E
I 12 w
Manistee
44 15 1
86 20
1900.6
I 30 E
I 24 E
Manistee County
• • •
• • «
1842
3 54 E
02 E
4 m. north of Tawas Point
44 18
83 24
1856. 5
2 05 E
I 17 W
Wexford County
• • •
1844
3 10 E
38 W
Missaukee County
• • « •
185 1
348 E
10 E
Roscommon County
• •
1847
3 00 E
50 W
Ogemaw County
1845
2 31 E
I 24 w
Iosco County
• « • •
1844
I 50 E
2 15 w
Au Sable
44 24
83 19
1901.5
I 24. oW
I 26 W
Sable River
44 25
83 19 '
1856. 5
2 12 E
I 10 W
North Bar Lake
44 29
86 15
1866.7
3 16 E
38E
Geological Station
44 31
83 50
1838. 5
2 00 E .
2 27 w
Observer or
authority
Mean, 11 stations
W. H. Hearding
A. N. Lee
W. H. Hearding
L. W. June
W. H. Hearding
Mean, 16 stations
Public sun'eyor
W. H. Hearding
Do.
H. A. Grant
\V. H. Hearding
T. Russell
Do.
Mean, 31 stations
W. H. Hearding
Do.
W. P. Smith
W. H. Hearding
F. U. Farquhar
County surveyor
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 16 stations
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 17 stations
W. H. Hearding
G. W. Lamson
A. F. Chaffee
W\ H. Hearding
Do.
G. W. Lamson
Do.
W. H. Hearding
G. W. Lamson
W. H. Hearding
G. W. Lamson
Countv surveyor
S. H. Baker
Mean, 18 stations
G. W. Lamson
Mean, 17 stations
Mean, 16 stations
Do.
Do.
Mean, 21 stations
T. Russell
W. H. Hearding
O. N. Chaffee
176
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, 1^2 — Continued.
MICHIGAN- -Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Drummond I. near Harbor I.
Seul Choix Point
Goose Island
Drummond I. , S. side
Drummond I., SW. point
Drummond I., E. side
Scott Point
Manistique River
Point au Barque
Manistique
Point Brulee
Do.
Isle St. Martin
Grosse Point
Point Patterson
Search Bay, Pt. St. Martin
Point St. Martin
Point Brulee
Drummond Island
Search Bay
Detour
Point Brulee
Mackinac County
East of Boiling Spring Pt.
Sault Island
Boiling Spring Point
Pointe Epoufette
Robinson
Linie Island
Naubinway
Maple Hill
Schoolcraft County
Twin Island, Mud Lake
W. Neebish Rapids
Neebish Island, N. end
Chippewa County
Alger County
Round Island
Salt Point
Grand Island, S. end
Laughing Fish River
Sugar Island Rapids
Soo A
Point Iroquois
Sault Ste. Marie
Sugar Island, NE. side
Chocolate River
Shot Point
Small River
Grand Island, near L. H.
Sec. 14, T. 48 N., R. 38 W.
Little Girl Point
Granite Point
Black River
Grand Marais
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
t'on
Declina-
tion ob-
served
/
/
45 55
83 34
45 55
85 55
45 56
84 26
45 56
8338
45 56
83 42
45 57
83 29
45 57
85 41
45 57
86 10
45 57
86 20
45 58
86 13
45 58
84 32
45 58
84 33
45 58
8435
45 58
84 41
45 58
85 39
45 59
84 31
45 59
84 32
45 59
84 34
45 59
83 53
46 00
84 30
46 00
83 55
46 00
8432
B • • •
46 02
• • •
8435
46 02
83 45
46.02
64 38
46 04
8507
46 04
84 25
46 06
84 00
46 07
85 33
46 09
84 47
• • • •
46 12
« • • •
84 06
46 18
84 12
46 20
«
84 II
• •
46 27
« •
84 31
46 28
8452
46 28
86 40
46 28
8655
46 29
84 18
46 29
84 21
46 29
8438
46 30
84 20
46 30
84 08
46 30
87 20
46 31
87 10
46 32
87 10
46 34
86 40
46 35
89 01
46 37
90 17
46 39
87 27
46 40
90 02
46 41
85 57
859.5
855.7
896.7
859.6
859.6
859.5
855.5
864.5
864.5
897.8
849.7
849.7
849. 6
849.6
854.5
849.7
849.6
849.7
897.7
849.7
897.7
849.7
845
849.6
854.5
849.6
854.7
896.6
897.7
897.8
896.6
845
854.5
854.5
897.6
845
845
896.6
896.5
859.7
867.5
854.5
895.4
896.5
895.3
853.5
867.6
867.6
824.5
867.7
883.1
868.6
866.5
868.5
867.7
EorW
o /
50
W
3 56.0
E
I 07.9
W
Q 26
W
13
E
26
E
306
E
306
E
3 28
E
15.2
E
I 24
E
I 10
E
32
E
2 00
E
2 51
E
47.5
E
59
E
I 14.5
E
348.3
W
40
E
3 50. 8 W
I 15
E
258
E
I 32
E
I 23
\V
I 59
E
2 30.0
E
I 31.0
W
3 50.9
W
03.4
W
54.3
W
4 12
E
2 37
W
2 03
W
3 29.1
w
I 33
E
4 18
E
2 04.9
W
2 08. 6 W
4 13
E
5 00
E
17
E
I 51.3
W
I 34.1
W
2 16.5
W
40
E
5 25
E
5 19
E
7 21
E
3 06
E
3 20
E
8 00
E
3 04
E
7 50
E
2 02
E
Declina-
tion in
1902
EorW
O f
4 28 W
04 E
1 36 W
4 04 W
3 25W
3 12 \V
o 47 W
o 09 W
o 13E
05 W
2 50 \V
3 04 W
3 42 W
2 14 W
1 05 w
3 26W
3 15W
2 59 W
4 09 W
3 34,W
4 II W
2 59 W
1 27 W
2 42 W
5 19 W
2 15 W
I 26 W
I 59 W
4 II W
24 W
1 22 W
o 13 W
6 30 W
5 59 W
350W
2 52 \V
07 W
2 33 W
2 38W
035E
1 58 E
3 39 W
2 24 W
2 02 W
2 50 W
3 20 w
2 24E
2 18E
2 28E
05 E
1 39 E
5 04E
o 02 W
453E
o 59 W
Observer or
authority
W. H. Hearding
Do.
T. Russell
W. H. Hearding
Do.
Do.
Do.
W. T. Casgrain
Do.
T. Russell
E. P. Scammon
Do.
Do.
Do.
G. W. Lamson
E. P. Scammon
Do.
Do.
T. Russell
E. P. Scammon
T. Russell
E. P. Scammon
Mean, 23 stations
E. P. Scammon
Do.
Do.
Chart
T. Russell
Do.
Do.
Do.
Mean, 2 stations
E. P. Scammon
Do.
T. Russell
Mean, 17 stations
Mean, 8 stations
G. E. Balch
Do.
G. W. Lamson
H. Gillman
E. P. Scammon
C. S. Rich^
G. E. Balch
C. S. Rich^
E. P. Scammon
H. Gillman
Do.
H. W. Bayfield
O. B. Wheeler
C. S. Woodard
H. Gillman
A. Molitor
H. Gillman
Chart
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
177
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, ipo2 — Continued.
MICHIGAN— Continued
Station
Group II — Continued
Pine Cliff
Crisp ^^ near
Whitefish Point
Lone Rock, n'rPorcupineMt
Point on shore
Little Iron River
Iron River
Ontonagon
Keweenaw Bay-
Huron River
Portage Entry
Misery River
Torch Bay
Point above Elm River
Dollar Bay
Salmon Trout River
2 m. N. of Traverse Point
Torch Lake
Portage Lake, N. end
Isabella Point
Gratiot River
West of Eagle River
Eagle River
Copper Harbor
Agate Harbor
Eagle Harbor
Isle Royale, S. shore
Isle Royale, Washin^on H.
Isle Royale, Siskawit Point
Isle Royale, Wright Island
Isle Royale, Todd Harbor
Isle Royale, Fish Island
Isle Rovale, Scoville Point
Lati- Longi-
tude tude
46 42
46 44
46 46
46 48
46 48
46 49
46 50
46 51
46 52
46 55
46 59
47 00
47 05
47 05
47 07
47 09
47 II
47 12
47 13
47 21
47 21
47 23
47 25
47 28
47 28
47 28
47 50
47 53
47 54
47 58
48 05
48 09
48 10
85 53
85 15
8457
89 49
90 01
87 35
89 34
89 20
88 28
88 07
88 25
8859
88 26
8855
88 29
8845
88 15
88 24
88 36
87 56
88 27
88 21
88 17
87 51
88 03
88 08
89 06
89 13
88 54
88 49
88 45
8837
88 26
Date of
observa-
tion
1867.7
1895.5
1895. 8
1868. 5
1824. 5
1866.6
1868.4
1895
1864.7
1824,5
1863.5
1865.6
1863.5
1865.6
1863.5
1865.6
1865.6
1864.6
1863.5
1865.4
1865.5
1855.5
1855. 5
1873. 6
1855. 5
1855. 5
1868.5
1868.5
1868.5
1868.5
1868.5
1867.5
1867.5
Declina-
tion- ob-
served
E or IV
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
2 01
E
22. 7
W
1 I 49.5
W
II 30
E
10 15
E
4 21
E
6 48
E
3 00
E
4 55
E
756
E
4 37
E
7 43
E
3 41
E
; 6 41
E
1 4 03
E
7 41
E
3 55
E
5 II
E
4 33
E
4 53
E
, 7 37
E
6 12
E
6 46
E
4 03.3
.E
5 20
E
2 40
E
4 56
E
6 36
E
4 3«
E
4 16
E
6 30
E
5 08
E
6 28
E
E or jr
o /
1 00 w
56W
2 20 w
8 41 E
6 00 E
1 15 E
4 00 E
2 25E
I 51 E
3 41 E
1 29 E
4 43 E
o 33E
3 41 E
o 55E
4 41 E
55E
2 07 E
1 25 E
1 52 E
4 37E
2 36E
3 10 E
I 37 E
1 44 E
56 W
2 07 E
3 47E
1 41 E
1 27 E
3 41 E
2 16 E
336E
O. B. Wheeler
T. Russell
Do.
J. E. Griffith
H. W. Bayfield
A. Molitor
J. E. Griffith
County surveyor
H. Gillnian
H. W. Bayfield
J. U. Mueller
H. Gillnian
J. U. Mueller
H. Gillman
J. U. Mueller
H. Gillman
A. Molitor
H. Gillman
J. U. Mueller
A. Molitor
H. Gillman
W. F. Raynolds
Do.
A. N. Lee
W. F. Raynolds
J. U. Mueller
B. D. Greene
A. C. Lamson
B. D. Greene
Do.
J. C. Mallery
A. C. Lamson
B. D. Greene
MINNESOTA
Group I
/
/
Heron Lake
43 49
95 18
Mantorville
44 05
92 46
Mankato
44 II
93 59
Watopa
44 14
92 02
Lake Benton
44 17
96 18
Lake Citv
44 23
92 08
Buck Hill
44 43
93 17
Marcotta
44 49
93 03
Granite Falls
44 50
95 33
Fort Snelling
44 54
93 II
Wallace
44 54
93 05
Woodbury
44 55
92 57
Hopkins
44 55
93 27
St. Paul
44 58
93 05
1900.79
1900.81
1900.80
1893.6
1900.79
1893. 66
1893. 47
1893.47
1900.78
1880. 74
1893.48
1893. 47
1893. 45
1891.63
East
o /
8 58.2
6 23.1
8 59.5
7 14. 1
9 15.9
7 02.2
8 17.2
8 33.7
8 56.2
10 13.7
10 II. o
8 30.4
8 12.3
9 21.4
East
o /
853
6 18
8 54
6 36
10
25
39
56
9
6
7
7
851
8 37
9 33
7 52
7 34
835
J. W. Miller
Do.
Do.
W. R. Hoag
J. W. Miller
W. R. Hoag
Do.
Do.
J. W. Miller
J. B. Baylor
W. R. Hoag
Do.
Do.
J. B. Baylor
27478 — 02 1 2
178
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Tfible of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January i, igo2 — Continued.
MINNESOTA— Continued
Station
Group /—Continued
Prospect Park
Ramsey
Minneapolis, Univ. grounds
St. Paul, Snellingave. N. B.
Mound View
Benson
St. Cloud
Alexandria
Breckenridge
Brainerd
Wadena
Duluth
Detroit City
Glyndon
Walker
Crookston
Group II
Rock County
Nobles County
Jackson County
Martin County
Welcome
Faribault County
Freeborn County
Mower County
Houston County
Fillmore County
Fountain
Windom
Cottonwood County
St. James
Watonwan County
Pipestone County
Murray County
Blue Earth County
Waseca County
Steele County
Dodge County
Olmsted County
Winona County
Watonwan County
Do.
Wabasha County
Wabasha
Brown County
New Ulni
Nicollet County
Lesueur County
Rice County
Goodhue County
Redwood County
Lyon County
Lincoln County
Lati-
tude
Long
tude
1-
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
East
East
/
/
/
/
44 58
93 13
1893. 43
8 58.9
8 21
W. R. Hoag
44 59
93 00
1893. 46
10 00. 1
9 22
Do.
44 59
93 14
1891.59
9 04.9
8 18
G. R. Putnam
45 00
93 10
1900.82
8 41.4
8 36
J. W. Miller
45 06
93 10
1893. 46
9 07.5
8 30
W. R. Hoag
45 20
95 36
1900.70
9 2J.3
9 08.4
9 18
J. W. Miller
45 35
94 II
1900.75
9 03
Do.
45 55
95 24
1900.77
10 37. 7
10 32
Do.
46 17
96 35
1900.70
12 01.7
II 56
Do.
46 21
94 13
1900.74
7 44.4
738
Do.
46 28
95 09
1900.73
9 25.7
9 20
Do.
46 46
92 04
1891.65
12 46.9
II 58
J. B. Baylor
46 50
95 52
1900.72
10 20. 2
10 14
J. W. Miller
46 52
96 35
1900.71
10 04.5
958
Do.
47 07
94 36
1900.74
9 50.7
9 44
Do.
47 49
96 37
1900.71
10 52. 2
10 46
Do.
• •
• • «
1866
II 21
9 03
Mean, 6 stations
• • •
• • •
1868
II II
8 59
Mean, 9 stations
• • •
• •
1858
II 41
9 05
Do.
1 ....
• •
1855
10 30
7 49
Mean, S stations
43 41
94 35
1894
8 50
8 16
County surveyor
. . • .
• • •
1854
12 27
9 44
Mean, 9 stations
1 ....
. .
1854
9 55
7 12
Mean, 11 stations
1
1 ....
• • • •
1853
8 30
5 46
Mean, 10 stations
1 • * • •
• • •
1854
7 54
5 II
Mean, 8 stations
• • t •
• • • •
1853
9 43
6 59
Mean, 12 stations
43 44
92 08
1895
7 10
6 41
County surveyor
43 52
, 95 04
1896
9 22
857
Do.
• • «
• • • •
1859
II 32
857
Mean, 7 stations
43 59
94 37
1894
9 25
851
Otto Klose
. . . .
• • •
1856
10 26
7 46
Mean, 5 stations
1869
II 56
9 47
Mean, 4 stations
1864
II 40
9 18
Mean, 6 stations
1854
II 12
8 29
Do.
•
1854
II 32
8 49
Do.
1854
9 18
635
Mean, 4 stations
1
• • •
1854
835
5 52
Do.
1854
9 21
6 38
Mean, 7 stations
. . .
1854
8 25
5 42
Mean, 6 stations
; 44 02
94 40
1901. 2
9 12
9 08
Otto Klose
44 03
94 26
1900.8
8 25
8 20
I>o.
1 ....
• •
1855
9 41
7 00
Mean, 6 stations
44 18
92 02
1876.6
8 04.3
6 19
T. N. Bailey
• • •
« • •
1858
10 22
7 46
Mean, 3 stations
44 19
94 26
1895
8 27
758
County surveyor
• • •
• • • •
1S54
II 03
8 20
Mean, 6 stations
• •
• •
1854
II 47
9 04
Mean, 3 stations
•
• • • •
1854
9 25
6 42
Mean, 5 stations
* • •
• • • •
1855
9 04
6 23
Mean, 10 stations
. . . .
• • •
1861
10 31
8 01
Mean, S .stations
• • • •
• « •
1863
12 00
9 35
Mean, 6 stations
•
• •
*
1871
12 08
I 10 05
Do. .
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
179
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, igo2 — Continued.
MINNESOTA— ConUnued
Station
Group //—Continued
Henderson
Sibley County
Red Wing
Scott County
Renville County
Yellow Medicine County
Dakota County
Mcl/eod County
Carver County, average
Kandiyohi County
Washington County
Ramsey County
Hennepin County
Chippewa County
Kandiyohi County
Lac qui Parle County
Bellingham
Meeker County
Kandiyohi County
Do.
Do.
Wright County
Anoka County
Swift County
Ortonville
Bigstone County
Bherburne County
Chisago County
Isanti County
Stearns County
Princeton
Pope County
Stevens County
Morris
Collegeville
Foley
Benton County
Glenwood
Traverse County
Millelacs County
Barrett
Grant County
Douglas County
Kanabec County
Morrison County
Todd County
Pine County
Wilkin County
Cass County, south
Henning
Ottertail County
Wadena County
Carlton County
Aitkin County
Crow W^ing County
Lati- ' Longi-
tude ' tude
o /
44 32
• • «
44 34
o /
93 56
44 53 94 49
45 04
* • »
45 08
45 10
45 15
45 18 96 24
45 33
45 36
45 36
45 39
• • >
45 40
45 55
46 19
• •
92 32
95 06
96 15
94 59
95 10
93 33
• •
95 54
94 19
93 53
• • •
95 21
95 52
95 23
Date of
observa-
tion
855.5
853
895
854
858
866
853
856
899
894.8
847
847
854
862
900. I
868
901. 1
856
857
900. 6
894.8
856
852
865
895
869
854
851
856
857
858.6
860
867
885
901. 2
895
853
890
870
857
900.9
866
861
855
855
859
859
867
868
896
868
867
868
869
861
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
II 30
10 37
6 15
11 08
II 19
II 32
9 29
II 33
9 33
8 38
9 03
I 00
I 04
1 33
8 44
2 08
9 45
I 21
16
8 06
9 08
1 29
I 37
I 34
o 50
3 00
o 08
2 03
I 40
o 57
o 13
05
26
46
58
10
46
58
14
31
10
36
50
27
53
14
06
3 09
o 30
05
1 58
1 12
9 54
o 05
2 16
I
I
o
7
9
o
I
2
o
o
2
2
I
O
I
2
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
849
7 53
5 46
825
843
9 15
6 45
853
9 19
8 06
6 II
8 08
8 21
9 05
835
9 56
9 41
8 41
7 38
8 00
8 36
849
851
9 14
10 21
10 51
7 25
9
9
15
00
8 19
7 37
8 32
9 II
9 34
7 54
8 41
8 02
II 06
10 08
7 53
10 05
10 19
10 20
8 46
8 12
8 39
9 31
10 54
8 18
9 40
938
8 49
7 34
7 48
9 36
Observer or
authority
J. S. Allanson
Mean, 11 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 9 stations
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 6 stations
Do.
County surveyors
B. F. Jenness
I station
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, 5 stations
B. F. Jenness
Mean, 6 stations
George Michel
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 6 stations
B. F. Jenness
Do.
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, 1 1 stations
Mean, 7 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, 6 stations
Do.
Mean, 14 stations
Do.
O. E. Garrison
Mean, 4 stations
Do.
County surveyor
A. prtman
County surveyor
Mean, 12 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 17 stations
C. G. Gustafzan
iVfean, 5 stations
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 24 stations
Mean, 9 stations
Mean, 21 stations
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 15 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 16 stations
Mean, 42 stations
Mean, 18 stations
i8o
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most rece7it mag7ietic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
terfitories reduced to January /, IQ02 — Continued.
MINNESOTA— Continued
Station
Group II — Continued
Fond du Lac
Spirit Lake
Minnesota Point, nearS.Base
St. Louis Bay
Minnesota Point, S. Base
Sabin
Clay County
Lester River
Becker County
Knife River
Hubbard County
St. Louis County, southeast
St. Louis County, southwest
Ada
Norman County
Itasca County, southeast
Cass County, north
Point on shore
Itasca County, southwest
Lake County
Beltrami County, south
Terrace Point
Brul€ River
Cook County
Polk County
Grand Portage Island
North shore Lake Superior
Pigeon Point
St. Louis County, northeast
St. Louis County, northwest
Warren
Marshall County
Itasca County, northeast
Itasca County, northwest
Marshall County, east
Marshall County, west
Island in Rainy Lake
Hallock
Kittson County
Roseau County
Beltrami County, north
Lake of the Woods
Northwest Boundarj'
Do.
Do.
Lake of the Woods,Buf 'lo Pt.
Northwest Boundary'
Do.
Do.
Lati-
tude
46 39
46 41
46 43
46 43
46 44
46 48
46 50
46 57
47 19
47 33
47 43
47 48
47 57
47 58
48 00
• • •
Longi-
tude
92
91 46
• • • •
96 30
90 50
90 26
90 03
89 39
90 00
89 30
48 12 I 96 47
48 35
92 30
48 45
• •
96 46
• •
• • • •
49 00
• • «
« • •
94 00
49 00
94 45
49 00
94 55
49 00
95 00
49 00
95 15
49 00
96 10
49 00
96 25
49 00
9630
92 15
92 II
92 02
92 10
92 03
9638
00 I
I
Date of
obser\'a-
tion.
861.7
861.6
861.5
861.6
870.8
901. 1
869
861.5
872
861.6
875
871
876
898.7
874
875
872
824.5
875
882
889
868.6
868.6
881
877
868.6
823.5
868.5
884
886
898.7
900
887
887
881
872
823.5
898.7
874
886
892
823.5
874.
874.
874.
874
874
874
874
Declina-
tion ob-
1
1
served
East
/
9 42
9 46
10
12
II
9
44
46
lu
30
12
50
7
39
12
«3
12
45
II
31
9 «5
9
II
14
08
12
49
9 40
10
40
10
30
10
8
45
34
10
8
45
12
9
7
12
5
6
9
8
8
II
II
8
9
30
50
II
50
21
30
09
26
26
30
47
41
12 09
13 50
8 15
II
13
II
9
37
16
43
47
II oi
10 55
11 05
11 12
n 30
12 00
12 25
i; 10
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
East
o /
7 03
7 07
7 32
9 OS
7 33
10 26
i« 33
5 00
9 56
10 05
9 35
6 54
7 21
10 52
10 49
7 44
8 33
6 58
8 49
7
9
5
7
6
10 22
3 24
03
46
46
04
15
3
7
6
7
II
00
04
48
14
10
II 23
7 39
833
10 35
11 43
5 10
II 21
II 20
10 31
9 02
8 II
8 54
9 04
9 II
9 29
9 59
10 24
11 09
W. H. Hearding
Do.
Do.
Do.
K. S. Wheeler
C. P. Jones, jr.
Mean, 8 stations
H. C. Pennv
Mean, 11 stations
H. C. Penny
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 24 stations
Mean, 30 stations
G. T. Hawkins,
Mean, 14 stations
Mean, 43 stations
Mean, 11 stations
H. W. Bayfield
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 27 stations
Mean, 48 stations
H. Giliman
W. E. Rogers
Mean, 24 stations
Mean, 31 stations
W. E. Rogers
S. H. Long
W. E. Rogers
Mean, 18 stations
Mean, 29 stations
G. T. Hawkins
J. K. Wood
Mean, 18 stations
Mean, 14 stations
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 7 stations
S. H. Long
G. T. Hawkins
Mean, 11 stations
Mean, 19 stations
Mean, 23 stations
S. H. Long
W.J. Twining
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
l8l
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed i7i the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January z, igo2 — Continued
MISSISSIPPI
Station
Group I
Shieldsboro
East Pascagoula
Mississippi City
Poplar ville
Natchez
Brookhaven
EUisville .
Jackson
Vicksburg
Forest
Meridian
Yazoo City
Greenville
Winona
West Point
Tupelo
Oxford
Holly Springs
Group II
Ship Island
Cat Island
Pascagoula
Long Beach
Hancock County
Harrison County
Jackson County
Pearl River County
Liberty
Amite County
Wilkinson County
Greene County
Perr^" County
Manon County
Pike County
Do.
McComb
Franklin County
Roxie
Lincoln County
Adams County
Natchez
Lawrence County
Covington County
Jones County
Wayne County
Jefferson County
Simpson County
ClaiDorne County
Do.
Smith County
Jasper County
Clarke County
Kings Point
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tuoe
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
East
East
o /
/
/
/
30 18
89 19
1896.14
5 12. 1
4 52
J. B. Baylor
30 21
88 33
1855. 07
7 08.9
4 49
J. E. Hilgard
30 23
89 02
1896.12
4 570
4 36
J. B. Baylor
30 50
89 30
1896.12
5 20.9
5 00
Do.
31 34
91 24
1890.33
6 29.8
5 49
Do.
31 35
90 27
1901.24
5 32.5
5 30
W. Weinrich
31 37
89 12
1901.27
4 54.4
4 52
Do.
32 20
90 II
1901. 23
5 57.0
5 54
Do.
32 21
90 53
1890.34
6 21.0
5 40
J. B. Baylor
32 22
89 28
1901.25
5 25.6
5 23
W. Weinrich
32 23
88 44
1901.26
4 44.6
4 42
Do.
32 51
90 21
1901.22
5 27.6
5 25
Do.
33 25
91 04
1890.36
6 18.0
5 37
J. B. Baylor
33 30
8943
1901.21
5 08.7
506
W. Weinrich
33 36
8839
1901.20
4 42.3
4 40
Do.
34 16
8843
1901. 18
4 27.4
4 24
Do.
34 22
8932
1901. 18
531.8
5 29
Do.
34 47
89 26
1901. 16
5 30.6
5 28
Do.
30 13
88 58
1841.5
7 35
4 56
L. M. Powell
30 15
89 06
1847.5
7 12
4 39
Bamett
30 21
8833
1875. 4
6 19.5
4 50
J. M. Poole
30 22
89 04
1895
4 52
4 29
County surveyor
• •
• •
1841
7 20
4 41
Mean, 8 stations
• • • •
• • •
1842
7 24
4 46
Mean, 5 stations
* m »
• • • •
1845
7 25
4 50
Mean, 8 stations
• « • •
• • a
1893
5 20
4 50
County surveyor
31 09
90 44
1895
6 30
6 07
Do.
• • •
• • •
1843
8 07
5 30
Mean, 19 stations
> •
> • •
1848
8 07
5 35
Mean, 16 stations
• • • •
• «
1817
8 00
5 22
Mean, 15 stations
• •
• • • «
, 1813
8 00
5 26
Mean, 34 stations
• .
• • a •
1827
8 07
6 22
Mean, 39 stations
. . - -
• • a •
1810
844
6 14
Mean, 20 stations
31 13
90 19
1900.2
5 55
5 49
J. T. Burke
31 ^5
90 22
1901
6 00
558
I. A. Quin
• • •
•
1848
8 56
6 24
Mean, 16 stations
31 30
91 00
1900.7
6 00
5 55
R. A.Rhodes
1810
8 45
6 15
Mean, 14 stations
1846
8 10
5 36
Mean, 6 stations
31 34
91 24
1901
6 15
613
S. M. Dalgom
1810
8 29
5 59
Mean, 19 stations
1 841
8 20
5 41
Do.
1895
5 00
4 37
County surveyor
. . . .
1817
8 05
5 27
Mean, 6 stations -
1848
8 10
5 38
Mean, 9 stations
1896
5 18
4 59
County surveyor
1846
823
5 49
Mean, 6 stations
32 02
90 45
1899.8
5 40
5 32
F. A. Polsley
. . . .
• . • .
1832
758
5 13
Mean, 19 stations
1832
7 50
5 05
Mean, 20 stations
1833
7 48
5 04
Do.
32 20
90 56
1877?
7 20
5 56 '
Chart
l82
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinatiojis observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued
MISSISSIPPI— Continued
otation
Group //—Continued.
Vicksburg
Warren County
Lauderdale County
Scott County
Near boundary of Rankin
and Scott counties
Newton County
Decatur
Madison County
Leake County
Neshoba County
Kemper County
Scooba
Yazoo County
Couparle
Madison-Leake counties
Sharkey County
Coopwood
Kosciusko
Attala County
Holmes Counly
Louisville
Winston County
Noxubee County
Macon
Choctaw County
Oktibbeha County
Carroll County
Montgomery County
Lowndes County
Leflore County
Clay County
Webster County
Sunflower County
Grenada County
Grenada
Bolivar County
Chickasaw County
Monroe County
Wren
Calhoun County
Tallahatchie County
Yalobusha County
Coahoma County
Pontotoc County
Itawamba County
Lee County
Quitman County
Panola County
Lafayette County
Union County
Tate County
Tunica County
Prentiss County
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
/
32 21
• *
a « • •
/
90 53
• •
• • • •
• • •
32 24
32 26
32 50
• • •
32 53
•
• • • •
32 59
33 04
33 08
33 08
33 47
33 58
89 48
• • •
89 01
• « •
• • •
• • •
88 30
* • •
89 45
8855
89 30
8857
88 38
89 50
88 36
Date of
observa-
tion
900.5
847
833
832
892.2
831
895
832
834
833
834
833.5
837
901
901
837
901.6
900
833
833
901
833
833
833.5
832
832
832
833
834
833
835
836
836
833
872.2
833
834
836
883.7
835
835
834
836
834
835
834
842
836
834
834
835
836
835
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
/
556
823
7 35
8 00
6 16.6
7 43
5 12
8 14
8 13
7 57
7 06
655
8 00
6 01
5 31
8 00
4 59
5 15
8 00
756
5 12
7 42
7 27
7 30
756
7 25
7 57
8 06
738
8 02
7 46
7 52
8 II
7 49
6 25. 1
8 15
7 18
7 29
4 45
7 45
8 00
8 07
8 12
7 13
7 12
7 20
8 06
7 52
7 43
7 20
8 17
8 07
7 28
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
5
5
4
5
5
4
4
5
5
5
4
4
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
5
4
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
4
4
3
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
5
5
51
50
51
15
42
58
49
29
29
13
22
II
18
59
29
18
58
08
16
12
10
58
43
46
II
40
12
22
52
18
03
09
28
05
46
31
34
46
42
02
17
23
29
29
29
36
28
09
4 59
4 36
5 34
5 24
4 45
Observer or
authority
W. L. Polk
Mean, 2 stations
Mean, 21 stations
Mean, 19 stations
R. E. Buckley
Mean, 17 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 16 stations
Mean, 14 stations
Mean, 24 stations
I station
B. F. Cotten
Do.
Mean, 2 stations
F. M. Shields
C. C. Comfort
Mean, 22 stations
Mean, 11 stations
F . M. Shields
Mean, 17 stations
Mean, 20 stations
G. W. Campbell
Mean, 11 stations
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 12 Nations
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 19 stations
Do.
Mean, 13 stations
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 14 stations
T. C. Hilgard
Mean, 17 stations
Mean, 14 stations
Mean, 12 stations
G. G. Tindall
Mean, 18 stations
Mean, 17 stations
Mean, 14 stations
Mean, 28 stations
Mean, 14 stations
Do.
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 11 stations
Mean, 22 stations
Do.
Mean, 9 stations
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 20 stations
Mean, 9 stations
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
183
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlyhig
territories reduced to January /, igoz — Continued.
MISSISSIPPI— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Group //—Continued
/
Burtons
34 40
Tishomingo County
• • 99
Marshall County
• •
Tippah County
« • • •
Benton County
• • • •
Ashland
34 50
De Soto County
• • • •
Alcorn County
Corinth
34 56
Longi-
tude
o /
88 14
89 05
• • • •
• •
8835
Date of
obser\'a-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
serv'ed
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
East
East
. /
/
1900
5 30
5 25
J. E. Lacy
1835
6 46
4 03
Mean, 20 stations
1834
758
5 14
Mean, 24 stations
1834
7 28
4 44
Mean, 11 stations
1834
7 30
4 46
Mean, 14 stations
1896
4 40
4 21
County surveyor
1835
8 00
5 17
Mean, 14 stations
1835
7 18
4 35
Mean, 11 stations
1875- 4
6 21.6
4 52
F. E. Hilgard
MISSOURI
Group I
Cape Girardeau
Ironton
Wittenberg
Potosi
Versailles, North Base
St. Louis
Harrisonville
Sedalia
Hermann
Kansas City
Macon
Chillicothe
Palmyra
Lancaster
Group II
Pemiscot County
Gatewood
Cedar Creek
Doniphan
McDonald County
Public Survey Station
Barry County
Poplar Bluffs
Cape Pair
Stone County
Mississippi County
Public Survey Station
Stoddard County
Newton County
Charleston .
Howell County
Public Survey Station
Do.
Piedmont
Shannon County
37 18
37 37
37 39
37 56
38 30
3838
38 39
3843
3843
39 06
39 45
39 47
39 48
40 31
36 32
36 37
3638
• • •
36 40
36 44
36 45
36 49
36 50
36 50
3656
3656
37 00
37 00
37 08
1
East
East
/
/
/
8933
1865. 21
635
4 23
A. T. Mosman
1890.87
2 12.5
I 29
C. H. Sinclair
89 33
1865. 26
647
4 35
A. T. Mosman
90 47
1890.89
6 06
5 22
C. H. Sinclair
92 48
1897.41
635
6 17
A. L. Baldwin
90 16
1900.92
5 04.4
5 00
W. F. Wallis
94 18
1900.89
7 42.6
738
Do.
93 14
1900.89
7 35-3
7 31
Do.
91 25
1900.91
6 26. I
6 22
Do.
94 33
1900.83
8 58.2
854
Do.
92 27
1900.81
6 59.0
6 54
Do.
93 33
1900.82
7 01.9
657
Do.
91 32
1900.80
6 21.9
6 17
Do.
92 31
1900.79
7 28.0
7 23
Do.
• • •
1895
5 17
4 51
W. W. Tensley
91 03
1880.5
7 II. 8
5 51
F. E. Nipher
92 59
1895
6 10
5 44
H. W. Strahan
90 47
• • •
1894
1823
5 30
10 36
5 01
8 30
Countv surveyor
Boundary survey
90 02
1825. 5
8 00
5 17
Public surveyor
• • • •
1823
9 40
7 34
Boundary survey
90 22
1880.5
6 44.7
5 24
F. E. Nipher
93 30
1895
5 30
5 04
County surveyor
93 29
1901
5 47
5 44
D. S. McCuUough
89 10
1900.5
4 22
4 16
F. H. Wright
90 02
1823. 5
7 30
4 40
Public sur\'eyor
* • •
1895
5 00
4 34
Countv surveyor
Boundary survey
• • • •
1823
10 30
8 24
89 19
1880.5
5 43.2
4 22
F. E. Nipher
91 55
1880.6
7 31.3
6 II
Do.
90 02
1823.5
8 00
5 10
Public surveyor
90 12
1823. 5
8 00
5 10
Do.
90 41
1880.5
7 22.8
6 02
F. E. Nipher
• * • •
1895
5 15
4 49
T. J. Rowlett
1 84
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January i, 1^02 — Continued.
MISSOURI—Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/•
East
/
East
/
Jas^r County
• • •
• •
1823
10 30
8 24
Boundary survey
Spnngfield
37 16
93 15
1879. 7
835.8
7 16
F. E. Nipher
Hart^lle
37 16
92 27
1895
7 30
7 04
County surveyor
Wright County
• • • •
• «
1901.0
5 10
506
W. C. Mings
Houston
37 19
91 55
1880.6
7 34.9
6 14
F. E. Nipher
Lutesville
37 20
89 59
1880.5
6 13-9
4 53
Do.
Madison County
• • • •
•
1901
4 30
4 27
C. Graham
Greenfield
37 25
93 51
1901.2
5 44
5 41
B. F. Thomas
Reynolds County
Public Survey Station
• • • •
• • •
1901
4 30
4 27
H. L. Sutterfield
37 30
90 02
1827.5
7 30
4 45
Public surveyor
Barton County
•
• • • •
1823
10 15
8 09
Boundary survey
West Fork
37 31
91 07
1895
5 30
5 04
County surveyor
Farm of F. Voris
37 36
93 II
1881.6
8 08.8
6 54
F. E. Nipher
Arcadia
37 36
90 41
1880.5
6 48.7
5 27
Do.
Pilot Knob, base
37 37
90 37
1880.6
II 08.4
948
Do.
Pilot Knob, top
37 37
90 37
1880.6
3 45.4
2 24
Do.
Bolivar
37 37
93 24
1881.6
8 14.6
7 00
Do.
Buffalo
37 38
93 06
1881.6
8 07.0
6 52
Do.
Salem
37 39
91 31
1880.6
6 56.3
5 35
Do.
Lebanon
37 40
92 42
1880.6
7 46.0
625
Do.
Vernon County
37 40
94 15
1901. 1
6 48
6 44
J. M. Clack
Perry County
B •
• • •
1895
4 45
4 19
County surveyor
Perry ville
37 45
8951
1901
4 30
4 27
T. J. Killian
Vernon County
37 53
94 22
1901. 2
6 55
6 52
J. M. Clack
Decaturville
37 54
92 43
1881.6
8 56.6
7 42
F. E. Nipher
Potosi
37 56
90 47
1900.7
5 00
4 55
H. Hawkins
W^heatland
3756
93- 19
1881.6
839.5
7 25
F. E. Nipher
Rolla
37 58
91 45
1880.5
653
5 32
Emerson
Hickory County
• • •
• • • •
1901. 1
528
5 24
Eric Eklof
Schell City
38 03
94 05
1879. 6
9 02. 7
7 43
F. E. Nipher
Cuba
3804
91 21
1880.6
7 24.8
6 04
Do.
Rich Hill
38 06
94 22
1893
8 30
758
County sur\'eyor
DeSoto
38 07
90 35
1880.6
7 46.9
6 26
F. E. Nipher
Lawson Farm
.38 II
92 II
1881.6
6 53.9
536
Do.
Vienna
38 12
91 54
1881.5
7 14.9
5 57
Do.
Tuscumbia
38 12
92 27
1881.6
8 30.4
7 13
Do.
Warsaw
38 14
93 23
1881.6
8 51.2
7 36
Do.
Soap Creek
38 17
92 50
1881.6
8 20.7
7 06
Do.
Dry Fork
38 17
91 35
1881.5
7 04.7
5 47
Do.
Canaan
38 20
91 25
1895
6 15
5 49
County surveyor
Kimmswick
38 20
90 26
1880.6
6 45-5
5 24
F. E. Nipher
Lincoln
38 23
93 21
1881.6
9 18.6
8 04
Do.
Roedersville
38 24
91 10
1881.5
6 55.7
5 38
Do.
Wulfert Farm
38 24
91 16
1881.5
7 04.1
5 46
Do.
Union
38 25
90 59
1881. 5
6 35.7
5 18
Do.
Morgan County
• • •
• • •
• • • •
7 21
D. W. Eaton, meai
of 69 results
Pacific
38 28
90 44
1881.5
6 54.1
5 36
F. E. Nipher
F. Kaldeweiher's
38 28
91 41
1882.5
7 44.3
6 30
Do.
Linn
38 28
91 50
1882.5
7 36.9
6 23
Do.
Gravs Summit
38 29
90 49
1882. 5
6 54.5
5 40
Do.
Washington
3831
90 59
1881.5
6 19. 1
5 01
Do.
Windsor
38 32
93 33
1881.6
8 43.5
7 28
Do.
GoebePs Station
3834
91 06
1882.5
7 37.9
6 24
F. E. Nipher
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
185
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories redttced to January 7, ipo2 — Continued.
MISSOURI -Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Jefferson City
22 M . west 01 Jefferson City
Newport
Ktrkwood
Fred Bruhn's
Ten-Mile House
Centertown
California
Cass County
Near Cla3rton
St. Charles rock road
E. Ruck's
G. Zimmerman's
Marion
Pattonsville
Holden
Dardenne
Healds
Little Auxvasse Creek
Opposite St. Charles
Warrenton, west of town
Florissant
O' Fallon
Wright City
St. Charles
Prairie Home
Providence
Johnson's Farm
Swope's
Danville
Sweet Springs
Columbia
Loomis Farm
Franklin
McCredie
Stephen's Store
Troy
Montgomery
Hemdon
Clark's Farm
Arrow Rock
Independence
Marshal]
Lafayette County
Mexico
Lexington
Parkville
Centralia
Glasgow
Carroll County
Carroll ton
Long Branch of Salt River
Do.
Cow Island
Lati- Longi-
tude i tude
Date of
observa-
tion
12
12
38 35
38 35
3836
3836
38 37
3838
3838
38 39
•
3841
3841
38 41
3841
3842
3842
3843
3843
3843
3843
38 44
38 46
3847
3847
38 47
38 48
38 48
38 49
38 51
38 52
38 55
38 55
3856
38 57
38 57
3858
3858
3858
39 00
39 00
39 02
39 06
39 06
39 08
39 09
39 II
39
39
39 13
39 13
39 21
39 22
39 24
39 25 1
92 09
92 30
91 06
90 24
91 29
90 23
92 25
92 34
• •
90 19
90 21
91 20
93 34
92 22
90 29
94 03
90 42
90 40
92 01
90 31
91 09
90 17
90 43
91 00
90 30
92 39
92 25
92 40
93 35
91 32
93 29
92 19
91 47
92 45
91 55
92 05
91 00
91 30
93 16
92 55
93 00
94 25
93 II
93 54
91 52
93 53
94 41
92 08
92 50
• • • •
93 30
91 59
92 10
94 00
881.6
868. 6
882.5
882.5
882.5
881.5
881.6
881.6
823
881.5
882.6
882.5
881.6
881.6
881.7
879.6
881.7
882.6
882.5
881.7
882.6
881.7
880.8
878.5
895
881.6
881.7
881.6
881.6
881.7
881.6
880.1
881.7
819.5
881.7
882.5
895
882.6
881.6
881.6
881.6
894.6
881.6
900.7
878.5
896
901.3
882.5
879.6
898
879.6
882.6
882.5
819.6
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Efist
o /
8 27.2
847
6 59.0
24.5
52.4
47.5
37.9
44.0
10 00
6 03.7
08.3
51. 1
15.2
39.3
53-9
56.0
32.6
46.4
55.4
19.4
33.8
35.0
45.4
8 13.6
4 57
37.7
38.8
28.9
8 37.2
7 47.7
24.0
33.8
46.4
11 42
7 50.6
36.7
00
07. 1
855.2
7 54.1
7 54.0
7 52
8 32.4
5 28
7 38.6
7 35
8 43
7 57.1
8 21.3
8 20
8 30.0
7 59.8
8 06.5
II 32.6
6
6
6
7
7
6
7
9
7
5
8
6
6
7
7
6
6
6
7
7
7
9
7
7
7
5
7
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
5 /
7
6
5
5
5
5
6
6
7
4
4
6
7
6
4
7
5
5
6
6
10
47
45
10
38
30
20
27
54
46
54
37
58
22
37
36
16
33
41
02
5
5
5
6
4
6
6
6
7
6
20
18
25
46
31
20
22
12
22
31
8 09
6 II
6 29
9 05
34
6
6
4
5
7
6
6
7
7
5
6
23
34
53
40
39
39
25
17
23
II
7 14
8 40
6 43
657
8 06
7 06
6 46
6 52
8 50
Observer or
authority
F. E. Nipher
G. B. Nicholson
F. E. Nipher
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Boundary survey
F. E. Nipher
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
County surveyor
F. E. Nipher
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
S.H.Long
F. E. Nipher
Do.
County surveyor
F. E. Nipher
Do.
Do.
Do.
F. A. Jones
F. E. Nipher
B. D. Weedin
F. E. Nipher
County surv'eyor
A. M. Matloon
F. E. Nipher
Do.
S. A. Ballard
F. E. Nipher
Do.
Do.
S. H. Long
i86
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January i, ipo2 — Continued.
M ISSOURI— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declinai
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Moberly
39 26
92 26
1882.5
7 39-6
6 26
F. E. Nipher
Louisiana
39 28
91 03
1878. 6
7 07.2
5 39
Do.
Winkler's
39 35
92 00
1882.6
7 44.5
631
Do.
Wolford's
39 38
93 45
1882.6
8 40.0
7 30
Do.
Smith's
39 39
94 II
1882.6
9 36.5
8 i6
Do.
Kingston
Shelb^lle» 3 miles south
39 41
94 04
1882.6
9 13.3
8 03
Do.
39 44
92 04
1882.6
7 47.0
633
Do.
Hannibal
39 44
91 24
1878.6
7 08.3
5 40
Do.
St. Joseph
39 45
94 50
1895
839
8 14
County surveyor
Stewartsville
39 46
94 29
1896
7 47
7 26
Do.
Buchanan County
39 47
94 51
7 48
7 32
T. Steinacker
I mile west of I^clede
39 47
93 17
1882.5
8 10.7
7 00
F. E. Nipher
Maysville
39 48
94 24
1882.6
9 18.3
8 08
Do.
Shelbyville
39 48
92 01
1894
6 20
5 51
County surveyor
Palmyra
39 48
91 29
1901.0
6 21
6 17
C. S. Wright
Isaac Lewis's
39 48
92 37
1882.5
7 58.7
6 45
F. E. Nipher
Linneus
39 51
93 13
1882.5
7 55.9
6 46
Do.
Harris
39 53
92 22
1882.6
7 36.9
6 23
Do.
Yellow Creek, west branch-
39 54
93 07
1882.5
8 16. 1
7 05
Do.
Savannah
39 56
94 49
1895
8 42
8 17
County surveyor
Mercyville
39 57
92 42
1882.5
8 17.0
7 05
F. E. Nipher
La Plata
40 00
92 29
1882.6
8 09.2
6 56
Do.
Johnson's
40 01
94 23
1882.6
9 33.2
823
Do.
Trenton
40 03
93 39
1882.6
8 03.9
653
Do.
Michael's
40 04
93 53
1882.6
846.3
7 35
Do.
Grundy County
40 05
93 30
1901.2
7 31
7 28
L. H. Spencer
Honan's
40 08
93 56
1882.6
8 48.0
7 37
F. E. Nipher
Canton
40 09
91 31
1878.6
7 19-5
5 52
Do.
Shicklerville
40 09
92 53
1882.6
8 52.0
7 40
Do.
Kirks ville
40 12
92 37
1882.6
8 16.5
7 04
Do.
Milan
40 13
93 06
1895
7 35
7 10
Charles Reeves
Amick's
40 13
93 38
1882.6
8 14.0
7 03
F. E. Nipher
Albany
40 15
94 21
1882.6
8 26.0
7 16
Do.
Bethany
40 16
94 03
1882.6
843.5
7 34
Do.
Sec. 15, T. 63 N., R. 30 W.
40 16
94 17
1882.6
833.2
7 23
Do.
Banke's
40 19
93 07
1882. 6
837.8
7 27
Do.
Maryville
40 21
94 51
1879. 6
II 13.9
9 54
Do.
Princeton
40 24
93 39
1882.6
847.4
7 36
Do.
Rockport
40 25
95 28
1896
10 35
10 14
County surveyor
Clark County
• • • •
• • • •
1895
6 05
5 39
0. F. Ensign
Memphis
40 27
92 13
1878. 6
7 47.7
5 20
F. E. Nipher
Williams's
40 27
93 21
1882.6
8 38.8
7 28
Do.
Ward's
40 27
93 10
1882.6
8 29.1
7 18
Do.
Unionville
40 29
93 03
1882.6
8 00.7
6 50
Do.
Schuyler County
40 32
92 30
1901.0
7 40
7 36
J. H. Davis
MONTANA
Group I
Fort Ellis
Bozeman
Billings
/
/
45 40
45 40
45 47
no 58
III 02
108 30
1882.66
1896.46
1896.45
East
o /
19 35.0
18 39.6
17 29.0
East
o /
18 58
18 28
17 12
B. A. Colonna
R. L. Fans
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
187
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlyiiig
territories reduced to January i, 1^02 — Continued.
MONTANA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group /—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Forsyth
46 15
106 39
1896.44
17 46.4
17 31
R. L. Paris
Townsend
46 19
III 31
1896.48
19 32.0
19 23
Do.
Miles City
46 24
105 53
1896.44
16 53. 3
1638
Do.
Helena
46 37
112 02
1896.48
19 13.8
19 05
Do.
Glendive
47 06
104 43
1896.43
16 43.9
16 29
Do.
Cascade
47 16
III 42
1896. 49
19 29.8
19 21
Do.
Fort Benton
47 49
no 40
1896.50
20 35. 3
20 23
Do.
Glasgow
48 12
io6 37
1896.51
18. 58. 6
18 44
Do.
Havre
48 34
K^ 37
1896.51
20 19.2
20 07
Do.
Wigwam Creek
49 00
114 45
1901.68
23 19.9
23 20
0. B. French
Tobacco Plains
49 00
115 03
1901-63
23 40. 2
23 40
C. H. Sinclair
Kootenay River, east
49 «>
115 10
1901.76
23 38.9
23 39
0. B. French
Group II
Beaverhead County, south
• • •
• •
1882
19 36
1907
I station
Gallatin County, south
• •
• • •
.1872
19 10
1839
Do.
Park County, south
• a •
• • • •
1882
19 00
18 23
Do.
Head of Gallatin
45 15
III 00
1872. 7
19 09
18 38
F. V. Hayden
Madison River
45 16
III 41
1860.5
19 00
18 38
W, F. Raynolds
Virginia
Madison County, north
45 19
III 56
1895
19 15
19 03
County surveyor
• a •
• • •
187 1
iq 25
18 54
Hayden
Crow Indian Reservation
• > •
• •
1882
18 48
18 04
Mean, 6 stations
Beaverhead County, north
• • • •
•
1868
20 30
20 00
I station
Bozeman, near
45 40
III 02
1898
19 00
1853
C. M. Thorpe
Powder River
45 47
105 03
1859. 5
16 54
15 56
W. F. Raynolds
Mean, '^ stations
45 50
114 40
1867
19 45
19 16
L. F. Carter
Gallatin County, north
« • « •
•
1872
19 20
18 49
Mean, 8 stations
Near Three Forks
45 52
III 22
i860 5
20 29
20 07
W. F. Raynolds
Silver Bow County
• • «
•
• •
1868
20 10
19 40
I station
Yellowstone River
45 56
108 22
1860.5
17 56
17 16
W. F. Raynolds
Rosebud River
46 03
106 23
1859. 5
17 50
16 52
Do.
Ravalli County!
• •
• > • •
1893
20 20
20 04
Mean, 10 stations
Yellowstone County, NW.
• • •
• • • •
1883
19 13
1838
Mean, 6 stations
Fort Sarpy
46 18
107 04
1859. 5
18 00
17 02
W. F. Raynolds
Phillipsburg
46 18
113 17
1895
20 30
20 18
County surveyor
Yellowstone County, NE.
* • •
1881
19 23
18 45
Mean, 3 stations
Custer County
•
105-106
1884
18 00
17 19
Mean, 5 stations
Custer County, west
• «
1881
18 40
17 54
I station
Fort Owen
46 31
113 58
1853.5
19 25
19 15
1. 1. Stevens
Meagher County, west
• • • •
1875
20 00
19 18
Mean, 8 stations
Fergus County, southeast
• • •
1882
19 42
19 05
Mean, 6 stations
Fergus County, southwest
• • a •
1882
18 30
17 53
I station
Hell Gate
46 52
"3 59
1860.5
21 00
20 38
J. Mullan
Lewis and Clarke County
• • •
1873
20 43
20 12
Mean, 5 stations
Deerlodge County
a • •
1881
20 24
19 54
Mean, 6 stations
Missoula County, east
• • • •
1882
22 00
21 31
Mean, 13 stations
Dawson County, southeast
• « • •
1882
17 45
17 01
Mean, 5 stations
Cascade County, east
• • •
1882
20 13
19 36
Mean, 2 stations
Cascade County, west
• • • •
1880
20 30
19 51
Mean, 3 stations
Bitter Root
47 19
115 04
1860.5
20 45
20 23
J. Mullan
Missoula County, west
• a a •
i860
20 45
20 23
I station
Fergus County, northeast
a a • a
1882
19 35
18 58
Mean, 3 stations
Fergus County, northwest
• a a a
1883
19 43
19 06
Mean, 2 stations
Belt
47 23
no 56
1894
19 56
19 39
County surveyor
1 88
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of. the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, 1^2 — Continued.
MONTANA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Obser\'er or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Greatfalls
47 29
III 16
1892
20 00
19 39
County surveyor
Dawson County, northeast
• • • •
. . . .
1882
17 45
17 00
Do.
Teton County, southeast
Idaho Boundary
• • •
• • •
1892
21 10
20 52
Mean, 2 stations
48 01
116 03
1898.5
22 18
22 12
D. L. Reabum
Do.
48 06
116 03
1898.6
22 25
22 19
Do.
Do.
48 II
116 03
1S98.6
22 39
22 33
Do.
Choteau County
• • • •
IIO-III
1867
21 35
20 51
Mean, 2 stations
Idaho Boundary
48 15
116 03
1898.6
22 43
22 37
D. L. Reabum
Do.
48 19
ij6 03
1898.6
22 12
22 06
Do.
Flathead County, east
« • • •
1892
22 06
21 48
Mean, 32 stations
Valley County
107-108
1884
20 00
19 21
Mean, 8 stations
Choteau County
iii-W.
1878
22 00
21 29
Mean, 7 stations
Do.
108-109
1894
19 10
18 53
Mean, 4 stations
Do.
. . . .
109-110
1874
20 40
19 58
Mean, 2 stations
South crossing Kootenay
48 22
115 21
1861.5
22 16
21 53
R. W. Haig
Idaho Boundary
48 24
116 03
1898.7
22 23
22 17
D. L. Reaburn
Do.
48 29
116 03
1898.7
22 21
22 15
Do.
Valley County
• « a
106-107
1874
20 17
19 23
Mean, 6 stations
Flathead County, west
• • •
• • •
1893
22 20
22 04
Mean, 8 stations
Valley County
• « •
105-106
1873
19 50
18 55
Mean, 6 stations
Do.
• • •
104-105
1866
18 27
17 29
Do.
Idaho Boundary
48 34
116 03
1898.7
22 38
22 32
D. L. Reaburn
Do.
48 39
116 03
1898.7
22 45
22 39
Do.
Kootenay River
48 40
115 17
1861.5
23 24
23 01
R. W. Haig
Teton County, northeast
• • •
• • • •
1881
21 43
21 13
Mean, 5 stations
Teton County, northwest
Idaho Boundary
• • •
« • •
1874
23 25
22 54
Do.
48 43
116 03
1898.7
22 57
22 51
D. L. Reabum
Do.
48 46
116 03
1898.8
22 59
22 53
Do.
Do.
48 50
116 03
1898.8
23 02
22 56
Do.
Do.
48 54
116 03
1898.8
23 03
22 57
Do.
Do.
48 58
116 03
1898.8
23 08
23 02
Do.
Camp Kootenay, east
Northwest Boundary
48 59
115 10
1860.0
22 58
22 36
J. S. Harris
49 00
104 05
1873. 7
18 25
17 20
\V. J. Twining
Do.
49 00
104 20
1873- 7
18 50
17 47
Do.
Do.
49 00
104 30
1874.5
1830
17 28
Do.
Do.
49 00
104 45
1873- 7
18 15
17 14
Do.
Do.
49 ^
105 10
1873. 7
19 32
18 30
Do.
Do.
49 00
105 25
1873.8
19 56
18 57
Do.
Do.
49 00
105 30
1874. 5
19 50
18 51
Do.
Do.
49 00
105 33
1873. 8
19 45
18 46
Do.
Do.
49 00
105 45
1874. 5
20 15
19 17
Do.
Do.
49 00
105 55
1874. 5
19 50
18 53
Do.
Do.
49 00
106 05
1874. 5
20 20
19 23
Do.
Do.
49 00
106 28
1874.5
20 30
19 34
Do.
Do.
49 00
106 30
1874. 5
20 20
19 25
Do.
Do.
49 00
106 45
1874. 6
20 10
19 16
Do.
Do.
49 00
106 50
1874. 6
20 20
19 26
Do.
Do.
49 00
106 55
1874.6
20 00
19 06
Do.
Do.
49 00
107 10
1874. 6
20 40
19 47
Do.
Do.
49 00
107 15
1874.6
20 TO
19 17
Do.
Do.
49 00
107 30
1874. 5
20 45
19 53
Do.
Do.
49 00
107 40
1874. 6
20 50
19 58
Do.
Do.
49 00
107 50
1874. 6
2038
19 47
Do.
Do.
49 00
109 00
1874. 5
21 00
20 II
Do.
Do.
49 (^
109 40
1874. 6
20 23
19 36
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
189
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and otdlyijig
territories reduced to January I ^ /po^— Continued.
MONTANA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
/
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
ser\'ed
1
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
East
/
East
/
Northwest Boundary
49 ^
no 30
1874.5
22 00 ,
21 16
W. J. Twining
Do.
49 00
no 45
1874. 6
22 45
22 02
Do.
Do.
49 00
III 05
1874. 6
22 10
21 28
Do.
Do.
49 00
ni 28
1874. 6
22 40
21 59
Do.
Do.
49 00
III 30 ,
1874. 6
22 25
21 45
Do.
Do.
49 00
III 35
1874. 6
22 10
21 25
Do.
Do.
49 00
112 CX)
1874. 6
22 30
21 51
Do.
Do.
49 00
"2 35
1874. 6
22 30
21 53
Do.
Do.
49 00
112 55
1874. 6
22 32
21 56
Do.
Do.
49 00
113 00
1874. 6
22 50
22 14
Do.
Do.
49 00
113 05
1874. 6
23 16
22 40
Do.
Do.
49 ^
n3 20
1874. 6
23 45
23 10
Do.
NW. B. near R. M. Divide
49 0^
113 40
1874. 6
23 50
23 16
Do.
NW. B. near R. M. Divide
49 00
114 00
1874. 6
23 20
22 47
Do.
Camp Kishenehen
•
49 00
114 21
1860.0
22 58
22 36
J. S. Harris
1
NE
BRASKA.
Group /.
/
/
East
/
Easl
/
Superior
40 02
98 02
1900.62
10 17.6
10 12
\V. C. Bauer
Lincoln
40 49
96 42
1900.66
10 07. 6
10 02
J.W.Miller
York
40 52
97 34
1900. 61
10 22. 6
10 17
W. C. Bauer
Chappell
Ogalalla
41 06
102 28
1900. 81
13 44.7
13 40
\V. M. Brown
41 08
loi 43
1900. 81
13 36. 4
13 32
Do.
Sidney
41 09
103 00
1900.81
13 38. 3
13 34
Do.
St. Paul
41 12
98 27
1900. 62
II 24.6
II 19
W. C. Bauer
Kimball
41 14
103 38
1900.82
13 44- 8
13 41
W. M. Brown
Omaha
41 16
95 58
1900.65
9 27.8
9 22
Brown and Wallis
Broken Bow
41 23
99 36
1900. 70
II 54.8
II 50
W. M. Brown
Schuyler
Gandy
41 26
97 04
1900. 61
10 42. 2
10 37
Do.
41 28
100 27
1900. 72
12 12.8
12 08
Do.
Hartman
41 29
102 21
1900. 80
13 28. 6
13 24
Do.
Tryon
41 34
100 58
1900. 72
13 14.8
13 10
Do.
Harrisburg
41 34
103 45
1900.79
14 22. I
14 18
Do.
Sections 10-11, T. 19, R. 37
41 38
loi 32
1900.73
12 44. 6
12 40
Do.
Bridgeport
41 40
103 05
1900. 79
13 22.3
13 18
Do.
Albion
41 41
97 59
1900.61
n 01. 7
10 56
Do.
Burwell
41 46
99 12
1900.66
II 52.5
II 48
Do.
Gering
41 49
103 40
1900. 78
14 20. 5
14 16
Do.
Bartlett
41 52
9833
1900.65
II 17.5
n 12
Do.
Brewster •
41 56
99 50
1900.71
II 18.6
II 14
Do.
Hyannis
41 59
10 1 46
1900.73
13 23.0
13 18
Do.
Thedford
41 59
100 31
1900. 70
12 10. 2
12 06
Do.
School Section 36
42 00
99 21
1900.66
II 51-0
II 46
Do.
Norfolk
42 02
97 22
1896.36
10 33. 3
10 12
! R. L. Paris
Mullen
42 02
loi 00
1900.70
12 50.2
12 46
1 W. M. Brown
Alliance
42 06
102 51
1900. 70
14 IO-3
14 06
Do.
Neligh
42 08
98 02
1900.62
n 15.8
n 10
1 Do.
Hewitt
42 15
103 59
1900.78
15 06.7
15 02
Do.
Marsland
42 26
103 16
1900.77
14 13-4
14 09
Do.
Spring Lake Ranch
42 26
102 04
1 1900. 76
13 5^.5
13 46
Do.
190
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the fnost recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
NEBRASKA- Continued
Station ^
,ati-
ade
Longi
tude
Date of
1 observa-
1 tion
1
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group /—Continued
/
/ '
East
/
East
/|
O'Neill 4
2 2
7 98 39 1900.63
11 29.2
II 24
W. M. Brown
Keystone Ranch 4
2 2
8 102 48 1900.77
13 07. 4
13 03
Do.
Kennedy 4
2 3
I 100 50 1900.68
12 36.9
12 32
Do.
Ainsworth 4
2 3
3 99 52
I 1900. 67
II 52.5
II 48
Do.
Newport 4
2 3
6 99 2c
) 1900. 63
12 06. I
12 01
Do.
Hamson 4
2 4
I 103 5:
J 1900. 77
14 47. 5
14 43
Do.
Rushville 4
2 4
3 102 2(
} 1900. 75
14 10.9
14 06
Do.
Spring View 4
Cnadron 4
2 4
9 99 4i
) 1 1900.67
12 10.4
12 05
Do.
2 5
103 oc
J ' 1896. 37
13 58. 2
13 39
R, L. Faris
Valentine 4
2 5
2 100 3.
\ < 1900.68
12 33.7
12 29
W. M. Brown
Mcrriman 4
2 5
5 loi 4^
\ ' 1900.75
14 15-8
14 II
Do.
Croup II
'
Colorado Boundary 4
4 102 0;
S 1869.8
13 53
12 29
0. N. Chaffee
Richardson County
a • «
1855
12 00
9 40
Mean, 31 sta^ons
Pawnee County
• •
: 1856
10 19
8 00
Mean, 6 stations
Fairbury 4
8 9
7 oJ
^ , 1895
948
9 24
County surveyor
Jefferson County
•
1856
12 13
10 II
Mean, 8 stations
Thayer County
•
, 1858
12 45
10 45
Do.
Nuckolls County
• •
1858
12 45
10 45
Do.
Webster County
« •
1867
12 33
10 47
Mean, 12 stations
Franklin County
•
1858
13 15
II 15
Mean, 8 stations
Harlan County
•
1865
13 18
II 39
Do.
Furnas County
• •
1870
14 25
12 53
Mean, 9 stations
Red Willow County
•
1870
13 12
11 40
Mean, 5 stations
Hitchcock County
• •
1870
13 22
II 59
Mean, 9 stations
Dundy County
•
1870
13 53
12 30
Do.
Rock Creek 4
I
I 97 0:
I 1858.6
12 06
10 06
J. H. Simpson
Big Sandy River 4
I
2 97 i:
I 1858.6
13 39
II 39
Do.
Culbertson 4
I
3 100 4c
} 1895
12 10
11 48
L. J. Carrington
Colorado Boundary 4
I
3 102 0:
J 1869. 8
13 28
12 04
0. N. Chaffee
Little Blue River 4
I
5 i 98 ic
) 1858.6
13 43
II 43
J. H. Simpson
Gage County
• •
• t • •
1856
9 47
7 45
Mean, 6 stations
Beatrice 4
I
6 ! 96 4^
^ 1901.2
10 53
10 50
Willis Ball
Frontier County 4
Colorado Boundary 4
2
I ! lOO 0*
\ \ 1901.0
11 58
II 54
W. F. Beery
0. N. Chaffee
2
I 1 102 0^
J • 1869.8
13 43
12 19
Johnson County
• •
•
. i 1856
10 00
7 50
Mean, 7 stations
Nemaha County
•
• • • •
1 1855
II 10
8 48
Do.
Auburn 4
2
4 95 4«
} 1 1896
10 10
9 50
County surveyor
Holdre^e 4
2
7 99 21
[ 1 1896
12 23
12 03
Do.
Brownville 4
2
8 95 4c
> 1877.5
II 15
9 53
A. H. Blaisdell
Peru 4
3
95 4!
; 1888.4
10 09
9 20
H. W. Bouton
Elm Creek 4
3
I 98 3c
) 1858. 6
12 18
10 18
J. H. Simpson
Colorado Boundary 4
3
; 102 0^
J 1869.8
13 49
12 25
O.N.Chaffee
Chase County
. '
1 1870
13 46
12 22
Mean, 14 stations
Hayes County
1
1
1870
13 24
12 00
Do.
Frontier Coun .y
1 1870
14 13
12 49
Mean, 16 stations
Gosper Coun.y
1 1865
14 33
12 53
Mean, 8 stations
Phelps County
, 1865
13 53
12 13
Do.
Kearney County
1858
13 51
12.04
Do.
Saline County
1S57
II 36
9 35
Do.
Fillmore County
1858
12 26
10 26
Mean, 12 stations
Clay County
1 1858
12 19
10 19
Do.
Adams County
1875
12 35
II 08
Mean, 16 stations
MAGNETIC DECUNATION IN UNITED STATES.
IQI
Table of the most recent magnetic decliiiations observed in the United States afid otitlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
NEBRASKA— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Hastings
Fort Kearney
Colorado Boundary
Camp No. 20
Frontier County
Do.
Otoe County
Nebraska City
Lancaster County
Colorado Boundary
Perkins County
Dawson County
Buffalo County
Seward County
York County
Hamilton County
Hall County
Grand Island
Colorado Boundary
Platte River
Cass County
Plattsmoutn
Colorado Boundary
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Lincoln County
Camp No. 25
Camp No. 22
Wyoming Boundary
Polk County
Do.
Sarpy County
Papillion
Merrick County
North Platte
Polk County
Polk County, 6th P. M
Butler County
Howard County
Sherman County
Keith County
Kimball County
Saunders County
Wyoming Boundary
Polk County, 6th P. M
Do.
Douglas County
40 34
40 38
40 39
40 40
40 41
40 41
• • •
40 42
• • •
40 47
•
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
40 55
40 56
40 58
« • •
41 00
41 00
41 00
41 00
41 00
41 00
41 00
41 00
41 00
41 00
41 00
41 00
• • •
41 03
41 05
41 05
41 05
41 07
• • • «
41 10
• • • •
41 II
• • •
41 II
41 14
41 14
41 17
98 24
99 03
102 03
99 54
100 04
100 36
• • • •
95 52
• • •
102 03
• • • •
• • •
98 20
102 03
100 35
• • • •
95 53
102 09
102 20 i
102 32
102 43
102 55
103 06
103 18
103 29
103 41
103 51
104 00
• • •
loi 50
100 50
104 03
97 40
97 33
• •
96 01
io« 45
• • • •
97 20
• • «
104 03
97 20
97 20
895
858.7
869.8
858.7
898.9
900.7
856
880.5
857
869.8
870
869
860
857
858
858
862
900. 2
869.8
858.9
856
895
869.7
869.6
869.6
869.6
869.6
869.6
869.6
869.6
869.6
869.6
869.6
869
858.7
858. 7
869.6
901.2
901.2
856
895
858
872.8
858
881.6
857
862
868
869
870
857
869.6
899.5
889.8
856
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
o /
o 15
3 38
4 00
3 17
2 10
2 10
o 17
o 13
o 08
4
3
3
4
I
2
2
3
I
4
3
o
9
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
I
5
o
o
o
9
3
3
2
I
2
3
3
4
5
I
5
9
I
07
13
39
04
39
33
42
20
30
12
32
45
30
16
34
48
30
15
55
50
31
34
22
34
41
21
05
09
52
15
53
48
15
07.5
30
00
02
56
44
20
29
36
05
30
00
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
o 53
East
/
9 51
II 51
12 36
II 30
II 59
12 05
8 07
9 00
8 07
12 43
II 49
12 06
12 18
938
10 33
10 42
II 25
II 23
12.48
II 45
835
9 06
12 52
13 10
13 24
13 07
12 53
13 34
13 30
13 12
13 16
13 05
13 18
12 17
II 47
9 31
13 54
10 49
10 12
8 45
9 24
II 15
II 48
10 30
9 49
10 01
12 13
12 09
12 56
14 12
9 35
13 50
9 20
10 15
8 43
County surveyor
J. H. Simpson
O. N. Chaffee
J. H. Simpson
W. F. Beery
Do.
Mean, 9 stations
C. R. Suter
Mean, 14 stations
O. N. Chaffee
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, iS stations
Mean, 16 stations
Mean, 12 stations
Do.
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 12 stations
A. C. Koenig
O. N. Chaffee
J. H. Simpson
Mean, 3 stations
County surveyor
O. N. Chaffee
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Mean, 35 stations
J. H. Simpson
Do.
O. N. Chaffee
O. W. Barnes
Do.
Mean, 5 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 5 stations
T. C. Hilgard
Mean, 8 stations
O. W. Barnes
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 13 stations
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 13 stations
O. N. Chaffee
O. W. Barnes
Do.
Mean, 5 stations
192
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and otitlying
territories reduced to January /, Tgo2 — Continued.
NEBRASKA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
I
Group //—Continued
/
/
Wyoming Boundary 4
I 22 104 G
3 1869.6
North Platte River . 4
I 23 102 I
5 1858. 7
Polk County, 6th P. M 41 23 97 2
1900.7
Custer County
• * « • • •
. , 1872
Nance County ^
• • •
. 1858
Engineers Cantonmen 4
I 25 96 C
1819.7
Columbus ^
I 26 97 I
9 1895
Wyoming Boundary 4
1 31 104
3 1869.6
Deuel County 1
. 1869
Cheyenne County '
. . '
1870
Washington County
. 1 1856
McPherson County
1869
Arthur County
. . . i
. ; 1869
Logan County
• • • 1
1869
Valley County
. . . 1
. , 1867
Greeley County
1
' 1863
Platte County
1857
Colfax County
' 1857
Dodge County
. ' 1856
Banner County
1870
Ashford 4
I 38 103 3
8 1895
Camp Clark 4
I 40 103 I
1896
Wyoming Boundary 4
I 40 104
3 J869. 6
Boone County
• • • 1 B •
. . 1858 ,
Wyoming Boundary 4
I 48 ' 104
3 1869.6
Burt County
Scotts Bluff County
1
. j 1856
. . . 1
. 1 1879
Grant County
; 1876
Hooker County
: 1875
Thomas County
1
, 1874
Blaine County
1872
Loup County
Garfield County
« 1 •
1872
1870
Wheeler County
1865
Madison County
1858
Stanton County
. . .
. 1857
Cuming County
. 1857
Wyoming Boundary 4
I 57 104
3 1869.7
North Platte River 4
I 58 104
. 1858. 7
Wyoming Boundary 4
2 06 104
3 . 1869.7
Wayne County 4
2 07 97
7 1900- 7
Do.
« • • •
1857
Antelope County
« • • • a •
1858
Thurston County
• • • • •
1856
Boxbutte County
• « • « •
1880
Wyoming Boundary 4
2 15 104
3 1869.7
Pierce County
• • • •
. . 1858
Plainview 4
2 20 97 4
4 1895
Wyoming Boundary 4
2 23 104
3 1869.7
Dakota County
• 1857
Rock County
. 1865
Brown County
1874
Holt County
1865
Dixon County
. 1857 ,
Sioux County
. . 1S82 1
Declina-
tion ob-
sen-ed
East
o /
28
26
05
22
12
58. 8
o 32
58
35
00
34
47
21
36
18
38
55
20
48
47
30
30
44
42
55
05
25
55
45
42
24
25
20
40
47
16
2 21
6 06
536
6 08
o 10
2 17
3 05
2 06
4 35
6 02
2 36
8 43
56
19
45
35
39
36
20
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
4 13
3 52
o 00
I
I
55
12
o 59
o 08
4
3
43
II
3 36
8 24
23
57
II
o 42
o 45
o 54
19
43
33
08
II
34
42
45
55
16
43
31
20
o
9
4
4
3
4
o
4
9
4
I 57
I 58
I 50
I 00
o 47
o 15
o 20
4 56
4 22
4 58
o 05
o 16
I 05
o 00
3 30
4 52
o 36
8 19
46
14
06
2 12
2 00
o 26
4 26
Observer or
authority
O. N. Chaffee
J. H.Simpson
O. W. Barnes
Mean, 41 stations
Mean, 7 stations
S. H. Long
County surveyor
O.N.Chaffee
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 16 stations
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 5 stations
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 13 stations
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 9 stations
Mean, 4 stations
County surveyor
Do.
O. N. Chaffee
Mean, 5 stations
O. N. Chaffee
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 18 stations
Mean, 16 stations
Do.
Mean, 20 stations
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 12 stations
Do.
Do.
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 7 stations
O. N. Chaffee
J. H. Simpson
O. N. Chaffee
R. H. Jones
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 14 stations
Mean, 9 stations
Mean, 16 stations
O. N. Chaffee
Mean, 12 stations
County surveyor
O. N. Chaffee
Mean, 5 stations
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, 28 stations
Mean, 3: stations
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 34 stations
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
193
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, 1^02 — Continued.
NEBRASKA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
sen'ed
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Sheridan County-
• •
• • •
1881
1448
13 46
Mean, 29 stations
Cherry County, E.
• • •
• • « •
1875
13 35
12 21
Mean, 24 stations
Cherry County, W.
• • • •
• • •
1880
14 35
13 21
Mean, 30 stations
Wyoming Boundary
42 32
104 03
1869.7
15 44
14 34
0. N. Chaffee
Niobrara River
42 34
103 57
1877. 7
15 27. 2
14 27
W. S. Stanton
Cedar County
. . . .
. . . .
1858
12 12
10 12
Mean, 12 stations
Knox County
. . . •
• • •
1858
13 16
II 16
Mean, 13 stations
Wvoming Boundary
42 39
104 03
1869.7
15 37
14 27
0. N. Chaffee
Soldiers Creek
42 40
103 28
1877. 8
15 30.0
14 25
W. S. Stanton
Dawes County
• •
•
, 1882
15 13
14 13
Mean, 41 stations
Wyoming Boundary
42 48
J04 03
1869.7
15 53
14 43
0. N. Chaffee
Keyapaha County
Wyoming Boundary
• • •
> • •
1872
14 07
12 40
Mean, 2 stations
42 56
104 03
1869.7
15 53
14 43
0. N. Chaffee
Indian Creek
42 59
104 03
1877. 8
16 39.
15 40
W. 8. Stanton
South Dakota Boundary
43 00
103 59
1874. 7
16 00
14 58
C. Wiltse
, Do.
43 00
103 47
1874. 7
15 52
14 49
Do.
Do.
43 00
103 35
1874. 7
15 42
14 38
Do.
Do.
43 00
103 24
1874. 7
15 32
14 28
Do.
Do.
43 00
103 12
1874.7
15 22
14 17
Do.
Do.
43 00
103 00
1874. 7
15 13
14 07
Do.
Do.
43 00
102 48
1874. 7
15 00
13 53
Do.
Do.
43 00
102 36
1874.7
14 50
13 42
Do.
Do.
43 00
102 25
1874. 7
14 38
13 30
Do.
Do.
43 CO
102 13
1874. 7
14 36
13 27
Do.
Do.
43 00
102 01
1874.7
14 33
13 23
Do.
Do.
43 00
loi 49
1874.7
14 30
13 19
Do.
Do.
43 00
loi 37
1874.7
14 33
13 21
Do.
Do.
43 00
lot 26
1874. 7
H 33
13 21
Do.
Do.
43 00
loi 14
1874. 7
14 30
13 17
Do.
Do.
43 00
loi 02
1874. 7
14 26
13 12
Do.
Do.
43 00
100 50
1874-7
14 25
13 10
Do.
Do.
43 00
100 38
1874. 7
14 23
13 07
Do.
Do.
43 00
100 27
1874. 7
14 24
13 07
Do.
Do.
43 00
100 15
1874. 7
14 15
12 58
Do.
Do.
43 00
100 03
1874. 7
13 50
12 32
Do.
Do.
43 00
99 51
1874. 7
13 50
12 31
Do.
Do,
43 00
99 39
1874.7
13 50
12 30
Do.
NEVADA
T149,
E.
Tl|9»
Ti33»
T1X5,
Tio6»
i' IOI>
Group I
T,4i, Von Schmidt 35®
Lat Pier i
Ti38, T,3s, T135 ^*34
A 1321 I xjo
■L is4i A Z9S* *■ lat
'1' 1191 *■ ti7» 1 116
' ti^t '■wii -^iiat liii
■*■ 109* 1 io8t •! 107
* n>4» * i03» A 103
27478 02
/
35
01
35
08
35
21
35 41
35
51
36
00
36
09
36
20
36
30
o /
114 40
114
115
"5
115
115
116
116
116
49
05
30
42
54
05
19
33
1899.13
1899. 14
1899- 15
1899.18
1899.18
1899.19
1899. 19
1899.20
1899.21
East
o /
14 12
14 42
14 37
14 56
15 03
15 t)6
15 13
15 10
15 23
East
o /
14 10
14 40
14 35
14 54
15 01
15 04
15 II
15 08
15 21
F. W. Edmonds
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
13
194
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January i, ipo2 — Continued.
NEVADA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Group /—Continued
^^ ^^ ^T^ ^^ ^^
^98* *97» ^96> "»^95» *-9^
T99J I911 T90
T89, TsB, T85, T84
T^f^ ^^ ^f^ T^
83» l8«i J-8o» ■I-79J I78
T^T^ ^w% 'T^ ^^
77» "^-T** -^75' •*'74» ■••73
T^#^ ^rt ^I^ ^1^
7a> *7i» -l^TOj -LdO) -^68
T67i, Tey, Tee, Tej, T64
T^rt ^T^ ^^ ^^
63) -Lte* i6i? -Ltet -l-sg
T58, Nev.-Cal. Boundary
Pioche
T^rt T^ ^T^ ^^
46, i-48, J- 49, I50, I53
TM^ ^T^ '^^ ^^
39» ■••4ot I43, I44, I45
White Pine
T^l^ ^1^ " ^T^ ^^ '^^
33» ^34» ^35» -^^a*' ■^37» ••^38
T^^\ ^r^ T^^ ^T^
a8» -189, J- 30, A 31, Ija
Trtrt ^T^ T^ '^^
asi -^33, ■Ls4i last la^
T'w^ 'J^ ^¥^ ^^ ^T^
15* A 16, *X7» I18) li9» lao
T^i^ ^[^ '1* ^T^ 'W^ 'l^
8, A9, A 10, All, * 19, A 13, A 14
Initial 1894. T„ T„ T4, T5,
Te, and %
Wheeler Peak
Tres Pinos
Genoa
Lehman's ranch
Carson City
Austin
Reno
Verdi
Eureka, town
Diamond Peak
Mount Callahan
Hot Springs
Mineral Hill
Rye Patch
Battle Mountain
Elko
Winnemucca
Wells vStation
Tecoma
Group IT
Lincoln County, S. point
Vegas Wash
Stone Ferry
Rio Virgin, mouth
Las Vegas Range
Eastern Boundary
Lincoln County, southeast
Lincoln County, southwest
St. Thomas
Indian Spring
36 40
36 55
37 06
37 19
37 29
37 35
37 42
37 49
37 56
37 59
3805
38 15
38 19
38 25
3834
3842
38 48
3851
3856
38 59
39 00
39 00
39 01
39 10
39 29
39 30
39 31
39 31
39 35
39 43
39 47
40 10
40 26
40 40
40 47
40 59
41 07
41 20
Longi-
tude
36 07
36 08
36 09
36 II
36 20
116
117
117
117
117
118
118
118
118
114
118
118
115
119
119
119
119
119
119
114
114
119
114
119
117
119
119
115
115
116
118
116
118
116
115
117
114
45
06
20
38
51
00
09
19
29
03
41
56
30
09
22
33
42
47
55
19
14
50
08
46
04
49
59
58.
49
57
56
12
18
50
46
44
56
Date of
observa-
tion
114 06
36 27
36 34
114 40
H4 25
114 22
115 03
114 03
114 19
115 35
895.77
895.70
895.73
895.63
895.60
895.59
895.54
895.50
894.86
883.74
894.86
894.84
881.88
894.82
894.78
894.76
894.71
894.68
894.65
8S2.89
8S2. 92
8S9. 59
882. 94
895.85
881.41
881.28
889.53
881.38
881.70
881.53
881.29
881.39
881.30
881.31
881.32
881.30
881.32
881.33
1878
1869.5
1875.6
1869.5
1869.5
187 1. 1
1877
1878
1869.5
1869.5
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
o /
5 40
6 10
6 08
6 20
[6 19
[6 29
6 13
6 43
3 42
7 10.9
6 24
5 57
:6 04.1
6 30
6 33
7 15
6 20
653
6 28
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
30.4
22.7
44.3
16.5
36.9
57.0
48.7
26.7
36.6
49-7
04.0
26.6
03.2
49.7
34.8
30.8
38.8
21.8
28.2
15 22
16 01. 1
14 58. I
15 47. 2
15 08. 2
14 05
15 34
15 46
15 47.5
15 41.5
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
3
6
6
5
5
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
7
7
6
6
6
7
6
7
7
7
7
7
36
06
04
16
15
25
09
39
38
49
20
53
48
26
29
II
16
49
24
08
01
42
54
36
48
49
25
21
34
55
24
54
47
26
15
30
06
7 12
15 10
15 50
14 46
15 36
14 57
13 54
15 22
15 34
15 36
15 28
Obser\'er or
authority
A. W. Cuddeback
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Sinclair & Mather
Eimbeck & Bird
Sinclair & Mather
Do.
Eimbeck & Man-
Sinclair & Mather
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Eimbeck & Marr
Do.
R. A. Marr
Eimbeck & Marr
C. H . Sinclair
Eimbeck & Man-
Do.
R. A. Marr
Eimbeck & Mair
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Mean, 4 stations
Wheeler, Lock-
wood
E. Bergland
Wheeler, Lock-
wood
Do.
J. E. James
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 17 stations
Wheeler, Lock-
wood
G. W. Wheeler
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
195
Table of the most recent magnetic declmatiom^ observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, 1^2 — Continued.
NEVADA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //^—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
West Point
36 41
114 34
1869.5
15 19.0
15 00
Wheeler, Lock-
wood
Ra.stem Boundary-
36 41
114 03
1871. 1
15 02
14 43
J. E. James
Do.
37 03
114 03
1871. 1
14 59
14 40
Do.
Mud Spring
37 II
115 35
1869.5
16 02.8
15 50
Wheeler, Lock-
wood
Mormon Canyon
37 16
114 28
1869.5
16 34. 5
16 16
Do.
Eastern Boundary
37 25
114 03
1871. I
15 16
1457
J. E. James
Lincoln County, middle east
• • » •
* • •
1881
16 20
16 00
Mean, 13 stations
Lincoln County, middle west
• • • •
• • • »
1870
16 08
15 55
Mean, 6 stations
Clover Valley
37 30
114 14
1869.5
14 25.3
14 06
Wheeler, Lock-
wood
Schafer Spring
Spring below Panacea
37 34
115 27
1869.5
16 10.8
1558
D. W. Lockwood
37 46
114 27
1869.5
16 58. 8
16 40
G. W. Wheeler
Silver Peak
37 46
117 36
1890
16 08
t6 02
County surveyor
Esmeralda County, south
• • • •
• • • •
1877
1625
16 25
Mean, 9 stations
Eastern Boundary
37 47
114 03
1871.0
15 48
15 29
J. E. James
Rose Valley
37 55
114 16.
1869.5
17 50.1
17 31
Wheeler, Lock-
wood
Pioche
37 55
114 27
1892
16 00
15 48
Countv surveyor
Wheeler, Lock-
w^ood
G. W. Wheeler
Quinn Canyon
37 58
"5 45
1869.5
j6 20.2
16 07
Homer
3803
114. 10
1869.5
17 40.4
17 21
Eastern Boundary
3809
114 03
1871.0
15 39
15 20
J. E. James
Esmeralda County, middle
• • • •
• • • •
1883
17 00
16 57
Mean, 7 stations
Sheep Range
38 14
114 22
1869.5
16 46. 4
16 27
G. W. Wheeler
Wild Hop Creek
3823
114 30
1869.5
15 59.5
15 40
Do.
Lincoln County, north
Eastern Boundary
• • •
• • • •
1874
16 10
15 46
Mean, 20 stations
3831
114 03
1871.0
16 00
15 40
J. E. James
Hawthorne
3832
118 35
1887
16 28
16 24
County surveyor
Nye County, northeast
• • • •
• •
1875
16 25
16 20
Mean, 8 stations
Nye County, middle north
• • • •
• • > •
1874
16 05
16 00
Mean, 17 stations
Nye County, northwest
* • •
• • » •
1875
1635
16 30
Mean, 15 stations
Esmeralda County, north
• •
• • • •
1880
16 46
16 44
Mean, 19 stations
Cave Valley
38 39
114 49
1869.5
16 16.2
15 56
UTieeler, Lock-
wood
Benson Creek
38 41
114 38
1869.5
16 24.0
16 04
G. W. Wheeler
Clear Creek
3850
114 25
1869.5
16 26. 7
16 07
Do.
Eastern Boundary
38 52
114 03
1871.0
16 00
15 40
J. E. James
Dead Horse Well
38 54
118 23
1876.5
16 30. 1
16 30
Engineer officer
Douglas County
• • « •
• •
1869
16 14
16 24
Mean, 13 stations
Rattlesnake Spring
38 57
114 26
1869.5
16 17.9
i6 00
Wheeler, Lock-
wood
McMahon Ranch
38 59
117 28
1876.5
15 41.3
15 34
Engineer officer
Genoa
3859
119 40
1877.5
16 47
1652
J. N. Macomb
Ice Creek
39 02
114 49
1869. 5
16 35. I
16 15
Wheeler, Lock-
wood
Glenbrook Wharf
39 05
119 56
1876. 5
15 59
16 04
Engineer officer
White Pine County, SE.
• • •
• •
1871
16 30
16 10
Mean, 17 stations
Ormsby County
• • •
• • • •
1865
16 13
16 33
Mean, 4 stations
Big Bend, Walker River
39 09
118 56
1859. 6
16 56
17 20
J. H. Simpson
Sacramento District
39 10
114 23
1869.5
16 27.4
16 07
G. W. Wheeler
Lj'on County
• • •
> •
1868
16 42
16 57
Mean, 18 stations
Monte Christo Mill
39 13
115 35
1869. 5
17 05.1
16 52
Wheeler ^ Robert
Eastern Boundary
39 14
114 03
1870. 9
i 16 00
15 40
J. E. James
196
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most receyit magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to Jantiary i, ipo2 — Continued.
NEVADA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Group //^Continued
Murray Creek
Near Hamilton
Center Station
West*n Bndry; mean, 14 sta.
Carson Lake
WTiite Pine County, SW.
Storey County
Antelope Springs
Piermont
Patterson Ranch
West'n Bndry; mean, 13 sta.
Churchill County, east
Churchill County, west
Lander County, south
Eureka County, south
Eastern Boundary
Washoe County, south
West'n Bndry; mean, 15 sta.
Kobah Valley
White Pine County, NE.
Antelope Valley
Slough, Long Valley
Eagan Canyon
White Pine County, NW.
Cho-keep Pass
West'n Bndry; mean, 15 sta.
Eastern Boundary
Huntingdon Springs
Camp Ruby
Cold Spring
West'n Bndry; mean, 15 sta.
Pearl Creek
Eastern Boundarj'
W^est'n Bndry; mean, 15 sta.
Willow Creek
Lander County, north
Eureka County, north
Humboldt County, SE.
Humboldt County, SW.
Washoe County, middle
Elko County, southeast
Elko County, southwest
West'n Bndry ; mean, 15 sta.
Eastern Boundary
Crescent Station
Camp Halleck '
Elko County, mid. S.
West'n Bndry; mean, 15 sta.
Eastern Boundary'
West' n Bndry ; mean , 1 5 sta.
Elko County, mid. N,
Longi-
tude
/ !
/
39 15
114 51
39 16 '
39 16 '
39 19 .
39 24 ,
115 26
119 40 >
120 00
118 38
39 26
39 29
39 31
39 31
• « «
39 43
39 44
• • • •
39 47
39 50
39 52
• • •
39 54
39 57
3958
40 01
40 04
40 04
40 12
40 17
40 20
40 25
40 31
40 38
40 42
40 45
40 49
• « •
40 51
41 03
41 04
• « • •
39 36 ! 114 03
• • •
20 00
16 10
14 12
15 24
14 58
• « •
15 45
20 00
14 03
15 19
15 31
15 42
20 00
15 44
14 03
20 00
15 44
Date of
observa-
tion
115 27
114 31
117 45
120 00
120 00
114 03
115 40
115 20 ;
120 00
114 03 '
120 00
1869.5
869.5
876.5
872.8
859.6
872
86 1
869.5
872.5
876.5
872.8
872
875
874
879
870.9
868
872.8
858.9
868
859.5
869.5
859-5
868
858.9
872.8
870.9
859.5
869.5
869.5
872.8
869.5
870.9
872.8
869.5
870
873
874
880
882
881
880
872.8
870.8
869.5
869.5
880
872.8
870.8
872.8
887
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
East
East
/
/
16 35. 3
1
16 22
Wheeler, Lock-
wood
1643.5
16 30
Wheeler & Robert
16 30
16 36
Engineer officer
16 50
17 00
A.W.VonSchmidt
17 II
17 35
J. H. Simpson
16 34
16 20
Mean, 29 stations
16 35
17 00
Mean, 3 stations
17 00.4
16 47
Wheeler, Lock-
wood
16 47
16 27
R. L. Hoxie
16 27.4
16 20
Engineer officer
16 29
16 39
A.W.VonSchmidt
17 30
17 35
Mean, 6 stations
17 20
17 23
Do.
16 42
16 36
Mean, 97 stations
1637
16 28
Mean, 15 stations
16 22
16 02
J. E. James
1655
17 10
Mean^ 40 stations
16 42
1652
A.W.VonSchmidt
16 44
16 50
J. H. Simpson
16 42
16 25
Mean, 8 stations
16 47
1635
J. H. Simpson
16 59-9
16 47
Wheeler, Lock-
wood
16 47
16 45
J. H. Simpson
16 46
16 34
Mean, 18 stations
17 02
17 00
J. H. Simpson
A.W.VonSchmidt
1657
17 07
1635
16 15
J. E. James
18 06
18 04
J. H. Simpson
Wheeler & Robert
17 09.1
16 56
17 12.4
16 59
G. W. W^heeler
16 28
16 38
A.W.VonSchmidt
16 18.8
16 06
Wheeler, Lock-
wood
1652
16 32
J. E. James
17 20
17 30
A.W.VonSchmidt
17 27. I
17 14
Wheeler, Lock-
wood
17 35
17 32
Mean, 95 stations
1653
16 48
Mean, 9 stations
17 44
17 48
Mean, 22 stations
17 25
17 23
Mean, 13 stations
17 36
17 36
Mean, 4 stations
17 00
16 44
Mean, 12 stations
17 30
17 14
Mean, 2 stations
1845
1855
A.W.VonSchmidt
17 05
16 45
J. E. James
17 52
17 39
G. W. Wheeler
16 21.4
16 08
WTieeler & Robert
16 50
16 34
Mean, 12 stations
1849
18 59
AW. Von Schmidt
16 59
16 39
J. E. James
17 57
18 07
A.W.VonSchmidt
17 30
17 16
Mean, 16 stations
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
197
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igoz — Continued.
NEVADA— Continued
Station
Grotip //—Continued
West'nBndry; mean,i5sta.
Eastern Boundary
Washoe County, N.
Elko County, NE.
Elko County, N\V.
Humboldt County, NE.
Humboldt County, NW.
West*n Bndry ; mean, 15 sta.
Do.
Eastern Boundary
West'nBndry; mean, 15 sta.
41 17
41 25
41 30
41 43
41 48
41 55
120 00
114 03
120 00
120 00
114 03
120 00
Date of
observa-
tion
1872. 8
1870.8
1878
1881
1883
1878
1874.
1872.8
1872. 8
1870. 8
1872.8
Declina-
tion ob-
served
past
o /
17 37
17 12
18 26
17 53
17 44
17 45
17 40
18 19
18 46
17 28
18 44
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
7 47
[6 52
[8 30
37
30
45
44
8 29
8 56
7 08
fS 54
Observer or
authority
A. W. Von Schmidt
J. E. James
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 60 stations
Mean, 22 stations
A. W. Von Schmidt
Do.
J. E. James
A.W.Von Schmidt
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Group I
/
/
West
/
West
/
Troy
42 50
72 II
1861.61
9 03.3
II 19
Dean & Halter
Chesterfield
42 54
72 26
1890.71
II 12.7
II 39
J. B. Baylor
Unkonoonuc
42 59
71 35
1848. 77
9 04.1
12 18
J. S. Ruth
Patuccawa
43 <^7
71 12
1849. 63
10 42.8
13 52
C. 0. Boutelle
Gunstock
43 31
71 22
1860.54
10 54. 1
13 15
G. W. Dean
Hanover
43 42
72 17
1898.83
12 24.4
12 31
E. Smith
Littleton
44 19
71 48
1873. 74
12 35. I
14 00
T. C. Hilgard
Gorham
44 22
71 15
1873. 73
13 47.0
15 12
Do.
Group II
•
Hinsdale
42 46
72 29
1772.5
6 00
II 43
Wright
Chesterfield
42 53
72 29
1891
II 30
II 54
,Sam'l Wadsworth
Keene
42 56
72 17
1900
12 02
12 05
Do.
Concord
43 12
71 29
1879- 5
II 27
12 29
J. N. McClintotk
Farmington
43 23
71 04
1889.5
13 12
13 42
G. \\\ Fernald
Claremont
43 23
72 22
1896
12 29
12 41
County surveyor
Lebanon
43 40
72 12
1874?
II 30
12 52
C. A. Downs
Plvmouth
43 45
71 42
1830. 7
8 32
13 03
J. D. Graham
West Rumney
43 49
71 53
1830. 7
9 38
14 09
Do.
Warren
43 56
71 55
1830. 7
9 08
13 39
Do.
Haverhill
44 02
72 05
1830. 7
7 32
12 03
Do.
Lyman
44 13
71 54
1879. 5
II 33
12 35
J. N. McClintock
Fabyan Hotel
44 16
71 25
1845. 5
II 32
15 00
J. Locke
Lancaster
44 30
71 34
1900
13 24
13 27
J. I. Williams
NEW JERSEY
Group I
/
/
West
/
West
/
Cape May-
3856
74 56
1891.41
5 40.7
6 15
G. R. Putnam
Townbank
3859
7458
1846.50
2 59-
6 38
J. Locke
Sea Isle City
39 09
74 42
1884.45
5 53-8
653
J. B. Baylor
Egg Island Light-House
39 10
75 08
1846.48
3 03-
6 42
J. Locke
Port Norris
39 15
75 01
1846.48
3 04.4
6 43
Do.
Atlantic City
39 22
74 25
i860. 64
4 54.0
7 34
C. A. Schott
198
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the tnost recent magnetic declinatioiis observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, ipo2 — Continued.
NEW JERSEY— Continued
T,ati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
Declina-
Declina-
Station
observa-
tion
tion ob-
served
tion in
1902
i
Group /^Coutinued
/
/
West
/
West
/ '
Pine Mount
39 25
75 20
1846. 46
3 14.2
653
Hawkins
39 26
75 17
1846. 47
2 58.8
6 38
Old Inlet, Tuckers Island
39 31
74 17
1846. 86
4 27.8
8 05
Long Beach
39 32
74 16
1860.65
5 18.5
7 59
Church Landing
39 41
75 31
1846. 43
5 49.1
9 28
Bamegat Light-House
39 46
74 06
1860.65
5 24.0
8 04
Chew
39 48
75 10
1846. 53
3 45.2
7 24
White Hill
40 08
74 44
1846. 38
4 25.9
805 1
Mount Rose
40 22
74 43
1852. 62
5 31.8
8 46
Mount Mitchell
40 24
74 00
1844. 04
5 39.4
9 27
Sandy Hook
40 28
74 00
1895.47
8 24.8
8 45
New Brunswick
40 30
74 27
1895.67
7 47.0
8 c6 ;
Newark
40 45
74 10
1846. 37
5 35.1
9 14
Bergen Neck
40 46
74 03
1840. 66
5 53
9 54
Croup IT
Ocean View
39 II
74 44
18S7.8
5 40
6 26
Maurice River Light-House
39 12
75 02
1883.5
5 05
6 08
Port Norris
39 15
75 02
1887.8
5 24
6 10
Atlantic City
39 22
74 25
1887.8
6 22
7 08
Bridgeton
39 26
75 14
1887.8
5 19
6 05
Mays Landing
39 27
74 44
1892.6
6 29
6 58 ,
Newfield
39 32
75 01
1887.8
5 45
631
Bass River
39 35
74 27
1885.6
6 30
7 25 ;
Salem
39 35
75 28
1894. 6
6 19
6 42 1
Tuckerton
39 36
74 20
1887.9
652
738 ,
West Creek
39 38
74 19
1887. 5
7 10
758 !
Hammonton
39 39
74 49
1885.9
5 53
6 47 1
Clayton
39 39
75 06
1885. 9
5 46
6 40
Winslow
39 40
74 51
1887.8
5 57
6 43
Manahawkin
39 42
74 15
1886.7
7 00
7 50
Waterford
39 43
74 51
1885.9
5 49
6 43
Barnegat Village
39 45
74 14
1887.9
652
738
Barnegat Light-House
39 46
74 06
1880.5
657
8 II
Clarksboro
39 48
75 14
1870. 1
5 48
7 46
Shamong Station
39 49
74 32
1887.9
636
7 22
Berlin
39 49
74 55
1885.9
5 35
6 29
Forked River
39 50
74 18
1876. 5
6 03.2
7 34
Woodbury
39 51
75 10
1896. I
6 28
6 46
Haddonfield
39 53
75 02
1887.8
6 10
6 56
Seaside Park
39 55
74 05
1887. 9
6 56
7 42
Camden
39 56
75 06
1887. 8
6 10
6 56
WTiiting
39 57
74 23
1887.9
7 09
7 55
Brown Mills
3958
74 35
1885. 8
6 53
7 47
Smith ville
39 59
74 45
1885. 8
6 32
7 26
Mount Holly
40 00
74 47
1897. 6
7 35
7 48
New Egypt
40 04
74 32
1887. 9
6 56
7 42
Columbus
40 04
74 42
1885.8
7 15
8 09
EUisdale
40 07
74 35
1885. 8
6 45
7 39
Sea Girt
40 08
74 03
1887. 9
7 09
7 55
Bordentown
40 09
74 43
1885. 8
7 03
7 57
Imlaystown
40 10
74 31
1765.8
4 45
9 08
Trenton
40 13
74 44
1893. 6
8 04
8 30
Hamilton
40 14
74 40
1885. 8
6 58
7 52
Obser\'er or
authority
J. Locke
Do.
T. J. Lee
C. A. Schott
J. Locke
C. A. Schott
J. Locke
Do.
J. E. Hilgard
Bache & Hall
J. B. Baylor
Do.
J. Locke
S. C. Rowan
N. J. Geol. Survey
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Mean, 6 compasses
N.J. Geol. Survey
Do.
Mean, 4 compasses
N.J. Geol. Sur\'ey
H.S.Haines
N.J. Geol. Survey
Do.
Do.
G. H. Blakeley
N.J. Geol. Survey
Do.
A. P. Irons
W. Haines
N.J. Geol. Survey
Do.
C. J. Moore
Mean, 5 compasses
N.J. Geol. Survey
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
H. S. Haines
N. J. Geol. Survey
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
J. Lawrence
H. S. Haines
N. J. Geol. Survey
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
199
Table of the most recetit magnetic declinations observed in the United States ajid outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
NEW JERSEY— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Group II — Continued
Freehold
Hightstown
Redbank
Lambertville, SE. of town
Jamesburg
Goat Hill
Princeton
Princeton, NNW. of town
Seabright
Lambertville
Morganville
Blawenburg
Perth Amboy
Middlebush
Flemington
Frenchtown
Plainfield
Cushetunk
Somerville, N. of town
Somerville, foot of ist mt.
Somerville, crest of ist nit.
Martinsville, i m. W.
Second Mt., crest
North of Mt. Horeb Church
Plainfield, crest of ist mt.
Pattenburg
Plainfield, crest of 2d mt.
Lebanon
Musconetcong Mt., foot
Musconetcong Mt., crest
Valley Station
Gillette
Highbridge
Glen Gardner
Phillipsburg
Jersey City
Morris and Somerset coun-
ties, boundary line
Newark
Harrison
Orange
W. Hoboken, top of ridge
W. Hoboken, base of Pali-
sades
Secaucus
Chester
Morristown, on mt., west
Morristown, S. of Horse hill
Morristown, on drift, east
Cooks Bridge and Hanover
Livingston
Hartley, Schooley Mt . slope
Hartley, west side of valley
Hartley, east side of valley
Hartley, top of ridge
40 16 j
40 16
40 20
40 21 I
40 21
40 21 '
40 2T
40 22
40 22
40 23
40 23
40 25
40 30
40 30
40 31
40 32
40 36
40 36
40 36
40 36
40 36
40 36
40 37 ,
40 37
40 37
40 38
40 39
40 39
40 40
40 40
40 41
40 41
40 41
40 42
40 42
40 43
40 43
40 45
40 45
40 46
40 46
40 47
40 47
40 47
40 47
40 47
40 48
40 48
40 48
40 49
40 49
40 49
40 49
74 16
74 32
74 04
74 56
74 27
74 56
74 40
74 40
73 59
74-57
74 14
74 43
74 16
74 32
74 51.
75 04
74 26
74 49
74 37
74 37
74 36
74 35
74 34
74 34
74 27
75 01
74 27
74 49
75 02
75 01
75 02
74 28
74 55
74 56
75 10
74 04
74 44
74 10
74 09
74 15
74 02
74 01
74 03
74 42
74 30
74 29
74 28
^4 22
74 19
74 44
74 43
74 42
74 41
887.9
887. S
887.9
8S7.9
8S7.5
S83?
887.9
887. 9
884. 7
887.9
887.9
887.9
885. 5
88 1. 9
887. 9
887. 9
887.9
883. 8
887.8
887.9
887.9
887. 9
887.9
887.9
887.9
887.8
887.9
887. 8
887. 8
887.8
887.8
887.9
887.8
887. 8
887.8
871.4
894.0
878
887.8
887.9
887.8
887.8
887.8
887.8
887.9
887. 9
887.9
887.9
8S7. 9
887.8
887.8
887.8
887. 8
Declina-
tion ob-
served
West
o /
15
18
23
«7 II
7 25
7
7 09
«7 21
12
55
/
6
7 35
7 36
43
13
14
10
40
29
19
15
«6 42
«8 32
«7 05
«7 35
a8 18
6
7
7
53
42
48.5
«6 28
a 6 42
7 04
7 53. 5
8 iS
«6 59
6 10
7 55
8 00
/
7
8
^9
«8
40
42
03.3
22
55
8
7
8
9
45
56
12
33
00
8 02
8 10
«4 08
9
9
48
03
8 29
Declina-
tion in
1902
West
o /
8 01
8 04
8 09
57
12
03
55
07
10
41
7
8
8
/
8
8
7
8 21
8 22
8 38
8 10
8 00
56
26
31
05
01
28
18
51
21
7
8
8
8
8
7
9
8
9
7
8
8
7
7
7
8
9
7
6
9
8
04
39
28
35
14
28
50
39
04
45
56
47
25
9
02
8
28
8
49
10
08
9
41
9
31
8
42
8
58
9
IQ
Q
46
8
48
8
56
4 54
10
34
9 49
9
15
Observer or
authority
j N. J. Geol. Sur\'ev
Do.
Do.
Do.
H. M. Thomas
Phila. Water Dept.
N.J. Geol. Survey
Do.
G. H. Hlakeley
N. J. Geol. Survev
Do.
Do.
G. H. Hlakelev
Do.
N. J. Geol. Survey
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
D. E. Culver
E. A. Howser
P. Witzel
N. J. Geol. Survey
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
ai«ocally disturbed area.
200
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declijiations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to Jafiuary 7, ipo2 — Continued.
NEW JERSEY— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
West
^
West
/
Schooley Mountain
40 50
74 48
1887.8
«6 25
7 II
N. J. Geol. Survey
Belvidere
40 50
75 05
1887.8
«5 32
6 18
Do.
Hackettstown, south
40 51
74 50
1887.8
a 6 50
7 36
Do.
Hackettstown, west
40 51
74 52
1887. 8
7 02
7 48
Do.
Budd Lake
40 52
74 43
1880.0
6 42
758
Do.
Hackensack
40 53
74 02
1887.8
7 49
835
Do.
Teaneck
40 53
74 01
1887.8
8 09
855
Do.
Linwood, top of Palisades
40 53
73 58
1887.8
9 03
9 49
Do.
Linwood, base of Palisades
40 53
73 57
1887.8
7 57
8 43
Do.
Paterson
40 53
74.10
1868.9
6 37
8 40
Fonda, Ryerson
Dover
40 53
74 34
1887.8
858
9 44
N. J. Geol. Survey
Dover, i mile east
40 53
74 33
1887.8
8 20
9 06
Do.
Nordhoff
40 54
73 58
1887.8
8 29
9 15
Do.
Boonton
40 54
74 24
1887.9
8 16
9 02
Do.
Warrenville
40 54
74 50
1881.7
6 00
7 10
Do.
Lake Hopatcong
40 55
74 40
1884.8
8 20.5
9 18
G. H. Blakeley
Allamuchy, slope of mt.
40 55
74 48
1887.8
9 00
9 46
N. J. Geol. Sur\'ey
AUamuchy
40 55
74 49.
1887.8
8 18
9 04
Do.
Allamuchy, 2 miles NW.
40 56
74 50
1887.8
7 45
8 31
Do.
Fairlawn
40 57
74 07
1887.8
8 06
852
Do.
Hawthorne
40 57
74 09
1887.8
7 51
837
Do.
Hieh Mountain
40 58
74 12
1883.6
«9 03
10 05
A. A. Tittsworth
Lake Hopatcong
40 58
74 37
1887. 8
7 49
835
N.J.GeoL Survey
Do.
40 58
74 38
1887.8
8 34
9 20
Do.
Pompton
40 59
74 19
1887.8
9 16
10 02
Do.
Andover
40 59
74 44
1881.7
6 25
7 35
Do.
Blairstown
40 59
74 58
1887.8
7 25
8 II
Do.
New York Boundary
41 00
73 54
1882.5
9 02
10 08
G. H. Blakeley
Do.
41 00
73 55
1882.5
9 32
10 38
Do.
Do.
41 01
73 56
1882.5
8 22
9 28
Do.
Bearfort Mountain
41 01
74 24
1882.6
8 00
9 06
Topog. Survey
A.H.Konkle
Hardwick Township
41 01
74 56
1886.3
7 II
8 03
New York Boundarv
4^
41 02
73 58
1882. 5
8 05
9 II
G. H. Blakeley
Do.
41 02
73 59
1882.5
8 32
9 38
Do.
Do.
41 02
74 00
1882.5
8 42
9 48
Do.
Green Pond Mt., crest
41 02
7428
1887.8
7 57
8 43
N. J. Geol. Survey
Green Pond Mt., W. base
41 03
74 28
1887.8
7 31
8 17
Do.
Oak Ridge
41 03
74 29
1887.8
758
8 44
Do.
Newton
41 03
74 45
1887.9
7 17
8 03
A. H. Konkle
Darlington
41 05
74 13
1879.6
9 40
10 58
N. J. Geol. Survey
Little Swartswood Lake
41 05
74 49
1886. I
8 16
9 09
G.H. Blakeley
Franklin Furnace
41 06
74 33
1887.8
«7 38
8 24
N. J. Geol. Survey
Mahwah
41 07
74 09
1887.8
8 23
9 09
Do.
West of Ramapo River
41 07
74 10
1887. 8
8 40
9 26
Do.
Monroe
41 07
74 38
1887.8
7 03
7 49
Do.
Hamburg
41 08
74 35
1882.8
7 04
8 09
Topog. Survey
Greenwood Lake
41 09
74 22
1887.8
«8 06
852
N.J. Geol. Survey
Culvers Gap
41 II
74 47
1887.8
7 25
8 II
Do.
State Line, Bearfort Mt.
41 II
74 21
1874. 6
6 02
7 41
E. A. Bowser
State Line, Longhouse Creek
41 12
74 21
1874. 6
7 14
853
Do.
Vernon
41 12
74 30
1887.8
06 41
7 27
N.J. Geol. Survey
Wawayanda Mines
41 13
74 24
1874. 6
5 09
6 48
E. A. Bowser
Deckertown
41 13
74 36
1887.8
7 29
8 15
N. J. Geol. Survey
a Locally d
sturbed area.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
20I
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to Jajitiary /, jgo2 — Continued.
NEW JERSEY— Continued
Station
Group II — Continued
Layton
Mount Salem
High Point
Montague
New York Boundary
Tri-State Rock
Lati- Longi-
tude ; tude
Date of
observa-
tion
41 13
41 19
41 19
41 19
41 20
41 21
74 50
74 37
74 40
74 48
74 38
74 42
1887.8
1887.8
1887.8
1887.8
1882.5
1887.8
Declina-
tion ob-
served
West
o /
7 18
7 39
7 50
7 13.5
852
7 50
Declina-
tion in
1902
West
o /
8 04
825
8 36
8 00
958
836
Observer or
authority
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
G.H.Blakeley
N. J. Geol. Surv'ey
NEW MEXICO
Group I
/
/
1
1
East
/
East
/
Deming
32 17
107 50
1888.90
12 46.3
12 20
J. B. Baylor
Carlsbad
32 26
104 15
1902.09
II 38.9
II 39
E. D. Preston
McMillan
32 40
104 22
1902. 10
;i 18.0
II 18
Do.
Hope
32 48
104 45
1902. 26
II 39. 2
II 40
Do.
Stegman
32 51
104 25
1902. 27
II 35.9
II 37
Do.
Alamogordo
Upper Penasco
32 54
105 59
1902. 21
II 59.3
J2 00
Do.
32 55
105 29
1902. 24
II 23.6 •
II 24
Do.
Lower Penasco
32 55
105 15
1902. 25
II 35. I
II 36
Do.
Tularosa
33 05
106 02
1902. 23
12 15.8
12 16
Do.
Hagerman
33 08
104 18
1902. 29
II 19.6
II 20
Do.
Mescalero
33 II
105 48
1902. 22
12 23.4
12 24
Do.
Picacho
33 21
105 09
1902. 15
II 46.8
II 47
Do.
Roswell
33 24
104 32
1902. 12
12 06.5
12 07
Do.
Lincoln
33 31
105 24
1902. 16
12 09.4
12 10
Do.
Capitan
33 35
105 35
1902. 18
12 22. 7
12 23
Do.
Campbell
33 37
104 15
1902. 14
II 41.0
II 41
Do.
Fort Craig
33 38
107 00
1899,96
12 28.0
12 24
J. A. Fleming
Carrizozo Ranch
33 42
105 53
1902. 20
12 31.4
12 32
E. D. Preston
White Oaks
33 46
105 44
1902. 19
12 40.0
12 40
Do.
Kenna
33 53
103 47
1902. 13
II 48.4
II 49
Do.
Socorro
34 05
106 53
1899.95
12 46.0
12 42
J. A. Fleming
Portales
34 12
103 20
1901. 93
II 25.8
II 26
E. D. Preston
Albuquerque
35 06
106 39
1899. 93
12 58. 5
12 54
T. A. Fleming
Grant
35 10
107 51
1899.94
14 17.5
14 13
Do.
Fort Wingate
35 29
108 32
1899.94
13 19.5
13 15
Do.
East Las Vegas
35 35
105 14
1899.97
12 47.4
12 43
Do.
Santa Fe
35 41
105 57
1899.92
12 33- 3
12 29
Do.
Fort Union
35 54
105 01
1888.87
13 25.0
12 54
J. B. Baylor
Springer
Clayton
36 22
104 36
1899.98
14 03. 3
1358
J. A. Fleming
36 27
103 10
1899.99
10 24. 1
10 19
Do.
Tres Piedras
36 42
105 57
1899.92
13 18.5
13 14
Do.
Lumberton
36 57
106 55
1899.91
13 41. 2
13 37
Do.
Group II
San Luis Springs
Mexican Boundary
31 20
108 48
1855.3
II 45
II 02
W. H. Emory
31 20
108 12
1892.5
12 03.0
II 43
J. F. Hayford
Do.
31 20
108 38
1892.5
II 53-6
II 34
Do.
Do.
31 20
108 52
1892. 6
12 14.0
II 54
Do.
Agua del Perro
31 21
108 20
1855. 3
II 58
II 15
W. H. Emory
Intersection Point
31 46
106 50
1855. 7
II 40
10 57
Do.
202
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
NEW MEXICO -Continued
Station
Group II — Continued
Initial Point
Mexican Boundary
Do.
Do.
Grant Count}', southwest
Carrizalillo
Grant County, southeast
Eddy County
Do.
Eddy County, southeast
Eddy County, southwest
Donna Ana County, SE.
Donna Ana County, \V.
Donna Ana
Fort Cumniings
Fort Selden
Hudson Hot Springs
Lliicohi County, southeast
Lincoln County, southwest
Apache Tejo
Eddy County
Do.
Eddy County, northwest
Grant County, northwest
Grant County, northeast
Copper Mines
Fort Bayard
Sierra County, south
Donna Ana County, NE.
Sierra County, north
San Francisco River
Water Hole
San Francisco River
Chaves County, southeast
Chaves County, southwest
Lincoln County, mid. east
Lincoln County, mid. west
Socorro County, southeast
San Francisco River
Fort Stanton
Socorro County, southwest
Socorro County, mid. south
Fort Tulerosa
Chaves County, northeast
Chaves Count v, northwest
Lincoln County, northeast
Lincoln County, northwest
Oak Spring
Socorro
Socorro County, northeast
Socorro County, northwest
Socorro County, mid. north
Initial Point, N. Mex. mer.
Fort Sumner
Guadaloupe County, SE.
Longi-
tude
32 05
32 10
32 22
32 27
32 29
32 33
• • • •
32 38
32 40
32 41
32 48
32 48
• • •
• • • •
• • • •
33 12
33 13
33 15
33 26
33 30
33 53
34 03
34 05
Date of
observa-
tion
106 28
107 22
107 44
108 12
31 51 ' 107 56
104 30
103 20
106 45
107 40
106 55
loS 00
108 08
103 30
104 44 !
108 04
108 09
108 52
108 46
108 52
108 55
105 32
a • •
108 30
34 17
34 25
108 55
106 53
106 50
T04 OvS
855-1
892.3
892.3
892.4
883
855.2
886
901.0
899.6
884
883
880
883
851.5
873.5
870. 4
878. 5
8S4
884
878.5
895.6
895.4
882
883
883
851.5
878. 5
885
882
882
873.5
873.5
873.5
882
880
880
873
881
873.5
878. 5
884
882
873.5
882
88r
882
881
873. 5
901. 2
869
882
881
855-3
\'-C^. I
1S.S2
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
O /
55
16.7
56.3
00. 7
21
02
21
33
45
1 32
2 00
2 27
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
I 08
25
07
29.8
39
30
43
06
42
I
I
2
2
I
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
I
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
35
54
33
37
22
56
48
28
50
31.4
30
51.7
28
16
22
40
18
49.3
24
58
43
17.7
13
30
34
42
34.7
28
53
18
13
45
3 45
2 18
Declina- '
tion in ,
1902 <
Observer or
authority
East
o /
II 12
9 57
36
I 41
I 47
I 20
I 51
I 31
t> 39
53
1 19
I 49
I 51
I 27
I 46
I 52
50
04
27
02
52
1 19
I 21
1 59
2 03
o 42
16
16
52
14
47
46
08
u 45
30
36
50
41
05
40
25
07
34
30
I 46
1 5J
2 00
I 51
26
06
42
36
02
45
35
W. H. Emory
J. F. Havford
Do.'
Do.
Mean, 34 stations
W. H. Emory
Mean, 22 stations
B. A. Nymever
Do'
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 36 stations
Mean, 40 stations
Mean, 57 stations
W. H. Emory
S. E.Tillman
Map of reservation
Engineer officer
Mean, 5 stations
Mean, 1 1 stations
Engineer officer
B. A. Nymeyer
Do.
Mean, 32 stations
Mean, 43 stations
I Mean, 16 stations
W. H. Emory
Engineer officer
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 36 stations
Mean, 49 stations
R. L. Hoxie
Do.
Do.
Mean, 24 stations
Mean, 42 stations
Mean, 30 stations
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, 50 stations
R. L. Hoxie
Engineer officer
Mean, 56 stations
Mean, 48 stations
R. L. Hoxie
Mean, 65 stations
Mean, 49 stations
Mean, 40 stations
Mean, 21 stations
R. L. Hoxie
F. A. Jones
Mean, 21 stations
Mean, 71 stations
Mean, 85 stations
Shinn
Mean, 45 stations
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
203
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlyijig
territories redtcced to January 7, igo2 — Continued.
NEW MEXICO— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Dale of 1
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in 1
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Guadaloupe County, S\V.
• • •
• • • • •
1880
1236
II 50
Mean, 21 stations
\'alencia County
« • •
105 06
1881 ,
12 35
II 55
Mean, 44 stations
Do.
• • • •
106 07
1879 1
12 33
II 54
Mean, 22 stations
Estancia Ranch and Spring
34 45
106 04
1876. 5
12 43
II 57
Engineer officer
Antelope Spring
34 50
106 04
1875. 5
13 26
II 40
Do.
Isleta
34 54
106 40
1853. 8
13 13
12 23
J. C. Ives
Valencia County
• • •
T07 08
1881
13 20 !
12 43
Mean, 48 stations
Do.
• • • •
108 09
1882
13 28
12 52
Mean, 62 stations
Near Ojo Caliente
34 57
109 00
1873. 5
13 58. 2
13 14
R. L. Hoxie
Guadaloupe County, NE.
• • • •
• •
1879
12 24
II 36
Mean, 31 stations
Guadaloupe County, NW.
• • • •
• • • • •
1871
12 52
II 55
Mean, 35 stations
Rio San Jose
35 01
107 14
1853. 9
13 46
13 04
J. C. Ives
Cedar Forest
35 01
108 55
1853- 9
13 01
12 19
Do.
Agua Fria
35 02
107 58
1853. 9
13 25
12 43
Do.
Inscription Rock
35 03
108 14
1853- 9
12 57
12 15
Do.
Covero
35 05
107 26
1853- 9
13 49
13 07
Do.
Hay Camp
35 05
107 39
1853- 9
1356?
13 14
Do.
Zuni River
35 06
loS 39
1853. 9
13 24
12 42
Do.
Santa Fe County, south
• • • «
• • • «
1876
13 18
12 32
Mean, 13 stations
Nutria Springs
35 18
10833
1873- 5
14 16. 2
13 32
R. L. Hoxie
Fort Bascom
35 24
103 50
1856. 5
12 50
II 49
Bernalillo County, east
• • • •
1881
1306
12 26
Mean, 45 stations
San Miguel County, west
• • •
1875
13 15
12 23
Mean, 38 stations
»San Miguel County, middle
• « • •
1878
13 02
12 13
Mean, 24 stations
»San Miguel County, east
Bernalillo County, middle
• • • •
1877
12 52
12 02
Mean, 5 stations
• • •
1882
13 30
12 54
Mean, 37 stations
Bernalillo County, west
• • • •
1881
13 42
13 05
Mean, 23 stations
Magnetic Station
35 40
106 50
1855. 5
13 40
12 52
Santa Fe County, north
• » • •
1883
13 30
12 51
Mean, 8 stations
Union County, south
• • • •
1880
12 30
II 44
Mean, 57 stations
Mora River
35 59
105 19
1874. 5
14 40
13 47
C. E. Blunt
Mora County, east
• • • •
1881
13 23
12 39
Mean, 28 stations
Mora County, west
« • •
1882
13 42
12 59
Mean, 5 stations
Coyote Creek
36 08
105 14
1874.5
14 15
13 22
C. E. Blunt
Ocate River
36 10
105 00
. 1874. 5
14 15. 1
13 22
Do.
Embuda
36 II
105 58
1874. 5
13 15. 1
12 27
R. Birnie
Rio Arriba Countv, SB.
• • At
• • •
1882
13 34
12 54
Mean, 26 stations
Rio Arriba County, SW*
• • •
• • • •
1882
13 00
12 24
Mean, 9 stations
San Juan County, southeast
• • • •
• • • « •
1882
13 02
12 26
Mean, 21 stations
Abiquin
36 12
106 19
1874.5
13 54.0
1306
R. Birnie
Ojo Caliente Creek
36 17
106 02
1874. 5
13 15
12 27
Do.
Taos County
• • •
• • • «
1881
13 27
12 47
Mean, 20 stations
Colfax County, east
• « •
« • •
1882
13 33
12 50
Mean, 16 stations
Colfax County, west
• •
• • • • •
1 88 1
13 27
12 43
Mean, 3 stations
Union County, north
• • •
• « •
1880
12 34
II 48
Mean, 21 stations
\erme jo Creek
36 42
104 47
1874.5
14 30
13 37
C. E. Blunt
Tierra Amarilla
36 42
106 33
1873.5
13 42.4
12 53
W. L. Marshall
Rio Arriba County, NW.
• « • •
• • • «
1882
13 13
12 37
Mean, 21 stations
Rio Arriba County, XE.
> • • •
• * « • •
1882
13 47
13 07
Mean, 18 stations
San Juan County, NW.
• • •
• •
1881
1336
12 59
I station
San Juan County. NE.
• • • •
1881
13 12
12 35
Mean, 32 stations
Colorado Boundary
37 00
103 13
1868.6
12 55
II 51
E. N. Darling
Do.
37 00
103 42
1868. 6
13 20 .
12 18
Do.
Do.
37 00
104 08
1868. 6
13 27
12 27
Do.
Do.
37 00
104 38
1868.7
13 46
12 48
Do.
204
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
NEW MEXICO— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
/
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
1
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
East
/
East
/
Colorado Boundary
37 00
105 03
1868.''
13 52
12 56
F. N. Darling
Do.
37 00
105 07
1873. 5
14 01.3
13 07
W. L. Marshall
Do.
37 00
105 30
1868.7
13 47
12 53
E. N. Darling
Do.
37 00
105 58
1868.7
13 29
12 37
• Do.
Do.
37 00
106 23
1868.8
13 49
12 59
Do.
Do.
37 00
106 47
1868.8
14 00
13 12
Do.
Do.
37 00
107 35
1868.8
14 03
13 17
Do.
Do.
37 00
108 03
1868.9
14 04
13 20
Do.
• Do.
37 00
108 52
1868.9
14 06
•
13 25
Do.
NEW YORK
Group I
Cole
Far Rockaway
Fire Island, West Base
Howard
Mount Prospect
Babylon
Patchogue
W>st Hills
Legget
Riverside Park
Manhattanville, B. Asylum
West Hampton
Ruland
Oyster Bay
Sands Point
New Rochelle
Drowned Meadow
Lloyd Harbor
East Hampton
Sag Harbor
Port Chester
Duer
Montauk Point
Greenport
Buttermilk
Bald Hill
Carpenters R., Port Jervis
Cold Spring
Binghamton
Bath
Oxford
Ithaca
Albany
Sherburne
Otsego
Buffalo
Fenner
Hewlett
40 32
74 14
40 36
73 46
40 38
73 13
40 38
74 05
40 40
73 58
40 42
73 20
40 45
73 02
40 49
73 26
40 49
73 54
40 49
73 58
40 50
73 56
40 51
72 34
40 51
73 02
40 52
73 32
40 52
73 44
40 52
73 47
40 56
73 04
40 56
73 25
40 58
72 12
41 00
72 17
41 00
73 40
41 00
73 54
41 04
71 51
41 06
72 21
41 07
73 49
41 13
73 29
41 21
74 42
41 25
73 58
42 05
75 56
42 21
77 21
42 26
75 40
42 27
76 29
42 40
73 45
42 41
75 33
42 47
74 42
42 55
78 54
42 57
75 45
43 00
' 76 17
846. 35
875.59
860.66
840. 49
860.73
875.62
875. 58
865. 62
847.80
885.79
846.33
875.64
865.40
844.71
847. 77
844.69
845.70
844.71
875.64
860.68
844. 70
873.62
875.66
845.63
833. 47
833. 56
873. 47
855.66
888.50
862.61
885. 73
890.82
896.69
875. 67
882. 63
885.71
882. 76
883.66
EorW
o /
5
7
7
5
6
7
37.
12
45.
01
44.
35
6
5
6
6
8 00.
7 01.
5 41.
8 59.
5 09.
8 40
7 30.
6 50.
09.
29.
03.
II.
05.
27.
58.
37
45
14.
56
34
04.
34.
49.
47.
43.
3X.
W
W
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
8W
5
7
9
7
3
5
7
5
7
4
7
6
10 40.
7 49.
8 46.
5 04.
7 15.
7 47.
5
9
5
6
6
6
7
o
W
W
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
4W
w
w
8W^
oW
W
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
2
9
3
5
8
5
2
3
4
I
West,
o /
9 04
837
10 00
851
9 II
8 50
16
00
02
48
37
55
27
9
9
9
9
9
10 17
9 31
9
9
9
02
21
38
10 21
10 42
9 31
9 10
11 00
10
31
8
II
9 49
8
56
8
19
8
35
7 37
8
41
7
10
10
58
9
9
6
30
56
07
8 28
8 56
J.Locke
J. M. Poole
C. A. Schott
S. C. Rowan
C. A. Schott
J. M. Poole
Do.
E. Goodfellow
R. H. Fauntleroy
J. B. Baylor
J.Locke
J. M. Poole
E. Goodfellow
J. Renwick
R. H. Fauntleroy
J. Renw^ick
Do.
Do.
J. M. Poole
C. A. Schott
J. Renwick
J. H. Cook
J. M. Poole
J. Renwick
F. R. Hassler
Do.
E. Smith
C. A. Schott
J. B. Baylor
C. A. Schott
J.B.Baylor
Do.
R. L. Faris
J. M. Poole
J. B. Baylor
Do.
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
205
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories redticed to January /, igo2 — Continued.
NEW YORK— Continued
Station
Group I — Continued
Clinton
Clyde
Loomis
Pen Mount
Prospect
Mannsville
Pierrepont Manor
Potsdam
Rouse Point.
Date of
observa-
tion
Group II
Jamaica
Cold Spring, L. I.
East Hampton
Palisades, top of ridge
Tappan
Ramapo, top of High Tom
SloatsDurg
Liberty Corner
Unionville
North Salem
Monroe
Goshen
West Point
Kingston
Travis, near Initial Point
Finn, near milestone 20
Waverly, near milestone 60
New Pr. Line, milestone 82
Pa. Line. 109 >i m. w. of Del.
Pa. Line, i36>^m.W. of Del.
Pa. Line, 195^ m.W. of Del.
Madalin
Downsville
Binghamton
New Pr. Line, 6 m.
Ancram
Owego
New Pr. Line, Chemung R.
Elmira
Livingston
Holland Land Co.
Do.
New Pr. Line, 14 m.
Holland Land Co.
Belmont
Hudson
Holland Land Co.
Delhi
Mayville
Ellicottville
Holland Land Co.
Lampman
New Pr. Line, 23 5< m.
43 03
43 03
43 21
43 23
43 26
43 43
43 44
44 37
45 00
40 41
40 52
41 00
41 Q\
41 02
41 08
41 09
41 17
41 18
41 20
41 21
41 23
4T 25
41 54
42 00
42 00
42 00
42 00
42 00
42 00
42 00
42 03
42 03
42 05
42 05
42 06
42 06
42 07
42 08
42 10
42 10
42 10
42 12
42 13
42 13
42 15
42 15
42 15
42 16
42 18
42 19
42 20
42 20
75 24
76 52
76 17
75 16
73 45
76 03
76 03
75 00
73 21
73 48
73 28
72 12
73 55
73 57
74 09
74 II
74 31
74 34
73 34
74 II
74 19
73 56
74 00
75 21
75 46
76 32
76 58
77 28
78 05
79 09
73 54
74 59
75 56
76 58
73 37
76 16
76 58
76 49
73 47
78 15
78 23
7658
78 09
7805
73 48
78 22
74 57
79 31
78 44
79 08
73 48
7658
874.82
883.72
882.86
882.64
882.60
884.44
874.80
874. 79
879.75
835.5
897.2
834.8
887.8
887.8
883.6
874.6
874.6
874.6
843-5
859.5
900.4
835.7
893
882.6
877.8
877.6
795.5
787. 5
787.5
787.5
878.0
890.5
895
795.5
853.5
895
795.5
899
888.5
798.5
798.5
795-5
799.0
900.0
888.5
798.5
884.0
874.6
841.6
798.5
880.7
)95.5
Declina-
tion ob-
ser\'ed
EorW
o /
8 05. 5 W
7 04. 4 W
8 10. oW
8 32. 2 W
10 50. 8 W
50. 9 W
II. 9 W
25. 1 W
I W
6
6
9
13 39
4 00 W
9 26. 4 W
6 08 W
9
7
9
7
6
6
6
6
9
7
7
5
2
I
o
o
02
57
20
42
45
03
00
38
8 20
6 32
40
30
22
31
07
52
45
55
8 46
7 42
7
I
7
7
2
7
9
I
I
2
50
35
39
15
05
45
31
09
01
40
W
W
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
51.5 W
6 00 W
o 31 W
1 12 W
7 30. 5 W
2 15. o W
2 35. 7 W
o 45 E
9 22 W
I 55.5 w
Declina-
tion in
1902
West
/
9 50
8 13
9 23
9 42
12 01
7 57
8 00
II 10
15 01
8 08
9 38
10 08
9 50
8 45
10 22
9 24
8 27
7 45
9 46
9 33
825
II 00
10 05
8 40
853
7 06
7 30
7 04
556
6 06
10 10
8 20
8 12
6 58
10 50
7 37
7 28
7 53
10 13
6 35
6 27
8 03
6 19
6 06
10 13
6 38
835
4 08
653
4 41
10 35
7 18
Observer or
authority
T. C. Hilgard
J. B. Bavlor
Do?
Do.
Do.
J. B, Boutelle
T. C. Hilgard
Do.
J. B. Baylor
Regents* Report
E. Jones
Regents' Report
N. J. Geol. Sur\'ey
Do.
A. A. Titsworth
E. A. Bowser
Do.
Do.
T. B. Brooks
V. K. Mills
C. DaWs
E. B. Codwise
H. W. Clarke
Do.
Do.
B. Ellicott
De Witt & others
Do.
Do.
G. Cooke
E. W. Lindsley
County survevor
B. Ellicott
J.T. Hogeboom
Asa Stanton
B. Ellicott
A. McConnel
R.Hood
A. Parter
J. Smedley
B. Ellicott
Atwater & Benton
L. Gorton
R.Hood
J. Smedley
E. W. Lindsley
F. E. Hilgard
A. D. Bacne
A. Atwater
J. T. Gardner
B. Ellicott
2o6
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the niost recent magfietic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, i^z — Continued.
NEW YORK— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude '
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
EorW '
/ 1
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group II — Continued
1
1
/
/
West
/
Holland Land Co.
42 20
78 40
1799-5
I 27
W
6 55
A. Atwater
Westfield
42 20 i
79 36
1875. 7
3 11
W
4 58
F. M. Towar
Bath
42 21 \
77 21
1879. 5
5 16
w
6 46
H. F. De Puy
Guilford
42 23 1
75 29
■1838.5
4 30
w^
855
Fredonia
42 26
79 22
1895
4 50
w
5 13
County surveyor
Ithaca
42 27
76 29
1895
658
w
7 20
City engineer
Old Kana-andoa
42 27
78 00
1798.5
I 00
w
6 26
A. Parter
New Pr. Line, 3i>^ m.
42 28
76 58
1795.5
2 10
w
7 33
B. Ellicott
Dunkirk
42 29
79 21
1850.6
I 20
w
5 01
R. R. engineer
Norwich
42 30
75 30
1897.0
9 05
w
9 21
E. F. Musson
Holland Land Co.
42 30
78 06
1798.5
I 08
w
6 34
A. Atwater
Do.
42 31
79 03
1798.5
51
E
4 35
Do.
New Pr. Line, 37 m.
42 32
7658
1795.5
I 45
W
7 08
B. Ellicott
Cass
42 34
73 59
1877. 9
. 8 45
w
10 15
J. T. Gardner
Clarksville
' 42 34
73 58
1877.9
8 45
w
10 15
Do.
Milo
42 35
77 02
1878.5
7 15
w
8 50
Do.
New Pr. Line, 41 >^ m.
42 36
7658
1795.5
2 20
w
7 43
B. Ellicott
Gorham Purchase
42 36
78 03
1798.5
52
w
6 18
G. Burgess
Summit
42 36
74 35
' 1877.9
i 845
w
10 16
J. T. Gardner
Holmes
42 38
74 31
1877.9
9 00
w
10 31
Do.
Slingerlands
Helderberg
42 38
73 52
1877.9
8 45
w
10 16
Do.
> 4238
74 01
1877.7
8 45
w
10 17
Do.
Homer
42 38
76 II
1840. 8
5 05
w
9 23
Regents' Report
Gardeau Reservation
42 38
77 51
1798.7
; I 35
w
7 02
A. Parter
Holland Land Co.
42 39
78 13
1799-5
; 27
w
5 55
J. Dewey
Do.
42 39
78 23
1798.5
I 54
w
7 20
J. Smedley
Penn Yan
42 40
77 05
1887.4
7 17.5 W
8 08
Billinger, Sterling
New Pr. Line, 47X m.
42 41
76 58
1795.5
2 00
w
7 23
B. Ellicott
Mann
42 41
74 19
1877.9
9 00
w
10 31
J. T. Gardner
Knowersville
42 42
74 02
1877. 9
8 45
w
10 16
Do.
Holland Land C
42 43
78 13
1798.5
37
w
6 03
A. Atwater
Hamburg
42 43
78 49
1892.5
3 30
\v
4 04
E. S. Nott
Troy
42 43
73 40
1901. 1
II 02
w
II 08
E. R. Cary
J.T.Gardner
Sears
42 44
74 15
1877. 9
9 15
w
10 46
Winn
42 44
74 02
1877. 9
9 00
w
10 31
Do.
Warsaw
42 44
78 10
1895
5 15
w
538
County surveyor
Niskayuna
42 46
73 50
1877. 9
: 9 45
w
11 15
J. T. Gardner
Freleigh
42 47
73 47
1877. 9
! 9 30
w
II 00
Do.
Conover
42 47
74 17
1877. 9
9 30
w
II 00
Do.
Chapman
42 47
74 13
1877. 9
8 30
w
10 00
Do.
Oak Ridge
42 47
74 19
18S0.8
9 16
w
10 34
Do.
Cherry Valley
42 48
74 '47
1839.6
5 13
w
9 31
Regents' Report
Schenectady
42 49
73 55
1859. 2
7 57. <
6W
10 48
1 T. B. Brooks
Hamilton
42 49
75 34
1S37. 8
4 30
w
8 58
Regents' Report
Holland Land Co.
42 50
78 19
1799.5
20
w
5 48
J. Dewev
Do.
42 51
78 n
1799-5
I 05
w
633
Do.'
New Pr. Line, 60 m.
42 52
7658
1795.5
I 45
w
7 08
B. Ellicott
Geneva
42 52
76 59
1833.8
3 49
w
832
Regents' Report
Cooks Pt., Canandaigua L.
42 52
77 17
1888.4
657.
7 W
7 54
Dowling, Hayford
Canajoharie
42 53
74 35
1839- 8
6 05
w
TO 26
Regents' Report
Vanetten
42 54
74 00
1877. 9
10 15
w
10 46
J. T. Gardner
Fort Erie
42 54
78 59
1839- 5
1 15
w
6 40
Chart
Reman
42 54
74 36
1880.8
9 10
w
TO 28
J. T. Gardner
Cazenovia
42 55
75 51
1843. 5
3 52
w
7 57
Regents' Report
Auburn
42 55
76 33
1833. 8
1 3 43
w
825
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
207
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, 1^2 — Continued.
NEW YORK— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Tassel
New Pr. Line, 65 m.
Hoxsie
Ostrander
Strawberry Island
Yule
Clapp
Wiflett
Nellis
Seeley
Green
Getman
Shoemaker
Johnstown
Cossitt
Grand Island
Vedder
Eagle
Tanner
Cranston
Herkimer
Prospect
Eaton
Little Falls
Merrv
Kirkville
Bulger
Utica
Tonawanda Reservation
Tonawanda
Niagara Palls
Conastota
Allis
Jackson
Collamer
Davison
Suspension Bridge
Barto
Rochester
Gorham Purchase
Orleans County
Schuyler
Williams
New Pr. Line, L. Ontario
Lockport
Lockport to Olcott
Rome
High Dune
Vienna
Jerseyfield Lake
Charlotte
Great Sodus Bay
Pultneyville
Lyon Point
Holland Land Company
Lati-
tude
42 56
42 56
42 56
42 57
42 57
42 57
42 58
42 58
42 59
42 59
42 59
42 59
43 00
43 00
43 00
43 00
43 01
43 01
43 01
43 01
43 02
43 02
43 02
43 03
43 03
43 04
43 04
43 04
43 04
43 04
43 04
43 04
43 05
43 t^
43 t)6
43 06
43 07
43 08
43 08
43 08
43 09
43 io
10
10
10
14
14
^5
15
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43 16
43 '6
43 16
43 16
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
43
43
16
16
75 19
7658
76 23
74 48
7855
74 54
76 02
74 42
74 37
76 22
76 02
75 02
74 54
74 23
76 12
79 01
74 39
75 55
76 34
75 46
74 57
75 27
75 33
74 52
75 10
75 56
75 40
75 12
78 22
7856
79 04
75 44
75 48
75 02
76 04
76 17
79 03
74 53
77 39
78 01
78 16
75 07
75 13
7658
78 44
78 45
75 28
75 04
75 41
74 44
77 36
7658
77 II
77 26
78 43
879.6
795-5
878.6
880.7
875.5
879.6
878.6
880.7
880.8
878.6
878.6
879.6
879.6
818.9
878.6
875.6
880.7
878.6
878.5
879.5
879.6
879.5
879.5
880.7
879.6
879.5
879.5
900.6
799- I
875.6
874.6
879.5
879.5
879.6
879- 5
878.6
875.5
879.6
893
798.5
888.9
879.6
879.6
795.5
895
900. o
879.5
883.6
879.5
883.5
894.5
894.4
875.4
875-4
799.5
Declina-
tion ob-
served
EorW
o /
8 09
2 05
6 50
9 06
3 59
857
7 12
8 43
9 26
5 50
6 59
825
8 08
6 02
46
58
08
17
49
16
8 28
835
7 56
7 21
8 38
7 03
7 16
10 07
6
2
9
7
3
7
I
3
3
7
7
6
2
9
6
I
6
30
50
37.
24
39
8 25
7 20
34
24
31
42
02
04
8 56
8 58
2 10
4 05
5 30
7 52
9 27
8 24
8 50.
6 48
II 30
5 23
6 04
o 30
W
W
W
W
W
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
1 w
w
w
w
\v
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
5W
w
w
w
w
w
Declina-
tion in
1902
West
o /
9 32
7 28
8 21
10 24
5 48
10 20
843
10 01
10 44
7 21
8
9
9
II
8
4
30
48
31
27
17
46
10 26
8 48
5 20
8 42
9 51
10 00
9 21
839
10 01
8 29
8 42
10 II
6
57
5
38
5
30
8
50
9 05
9
48
8
46
8
05
4
13
10
54
7
13
6 28
6
53
10
19
10
21
7
33
4
28
5
36
9
18
10
33
9 50
9 57
7
16
II
57
7
12
7
53
5
57
Observer or
authority
J. T. Gardner
B. Ellicott
J. T. Gardner
Do.
F. Terry
J. T. Gardner
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Regents' Report
J. T. Gardner
A. C. Lamson
J. T. Gardner
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
E. D. Rich
J. Thompson
A. C. Lamson
F. E. Hilgard
J. T. Gardner
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
F. M. Towar
J. T. Gardner
J. Y. McClintock
G. Burgess
D. D. Waldo
J.T.Gardner
Do.
B. Ellicott
County surveyor
R. R. engineers
J. T. Gardner
V. Colvm
J.T.Gardner
V. Colvin
Wm. P. Judson
Do.
Do.
F. TeiTy
S. Benton, jr.
208
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States a^id outlying
territories reduced to January 7, jgo2 — Continued.
NEW YORK— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
EorW
/
West
/
Niagara River, mouth
43 16
79 04
1875. 5
3 41 W
5 30
F. M. Towar
Luzerne
43 17
73 50
1883. 6
10 55 W
12 01
V. Colvin
6 m, W. of Little Sodus
43 18
76 49
1874.8
6 50 W
8 41
J. Eisenmann
East Porter
43 18
7855
1875- 4
3 16 W
5 05
Do.
Wilson
43 19
78 50
1873- 4
338 w
538
Wm. P. Judson
Little Sodus
43 19
76 43
1875. 5
635 w
8 24
Do.
Services Patent, NE. cor.
43 20
75 05
1899.6
10 II. I w
10 18
State surveyor
Morehouseville
43 20
74 45
1883.6
8 23 W
9 29
V. Colvin
Braddock Point
43 20
78 43
1875. 4
4 48? W
6 37
A. C. Lamson
Olcott Harbor
43 20
78 43
1875.5
3 40 W
5 29
Do.
Lake Ontario
43 21
78 01
1799.5
I 00 W
6 27
Oak Orchard
43 22
78 12
1875. 5
3 46 W
5 35
F. Terry
Stony Creek
South of Thurman
43 23
73 51
1883.6
II 10 W
12 16
V. Coh-in
43 24
73 50
1883.6
II 30 W
12 36
Do.
Piseco Lake
43 24
74 33
1883.6
II 01 w
12 07
Do.
Meyer Hill
43 26
75 04
1883.5
7 00 W
807
Dc.
Thurman
43 27
73 48
1883.6
II 20 W
12 26
Do.
Oswego
43 28
76 31
1875. 5
6 32 W
8 21
Wm. P. Jndson
Beekman Corner
43 29
74 46
1900.5
9 53. 4 W
• • • •
Do.
Warrensburg, near
43 30
73 44
1883.6
II 00 W
12 06
V. Colvin
Herkimer-Hamilton coun-
43 32
74 47
1900.5
10 12 w
10 17
C. H. Flanigan,
ties
mean, 24 stations
The Glen
43 33
73 51
1883.6
1307 w
14 13
V. Colvin
Port Ontario
43 34
76 12
1874. 7
8 09 W
9 57
F. M. Towar
Johnsburg
43 36
73 57
1883. 6
10 42 W
II 48
V. Colvin
West Canada Lakes
43 36
74 36
1772. 5
6 54. 2 W
II 57
Horicon
43 36
73 45
1883.6
10 32 W
II 38
Do.
Gommer Hill
43 37
75 26
1883.5
8 52 W
10 02
Do.
Starbuckville
4338
73 45
1883.6
10 32 W
II 38
Do.
Riverside
43 38
73 52
1883.6
9 55 W
II 01
Do.
Herkimer-Hamilton coun-
43 38
74 48
1900.5
10 41 W
10 46
C. H. Flanigan,
ties
mean, 36 sta.
Schroon Lake, near outlet
43 41
7348
1883.6
9 46 w
10 52
V. Colvin
Sandv Creek
43 42
76 12
1874- 7
7 50 W
9 39
F. Terry
Herkimer-Hamilton coun-
43 47
74 48
1900.6
10 43 W
10 47
C. H. Flanigan,
ties
mean, 34 sta.
Lowville
43 48
75 30
1821.5
4 30 W
9 49
J. Clark
Stony Creek
43 49
76 16
1874. 7
8 23 W
10 12
}. Eisenmann
North Creek
43 50
73 58
1883.6
II 34 W
12 40
V. Colvin
Big Moose Lake
43 51
74 49
1900.6
10 41 W
10 45
Wm. P. Judson
Stony Island
43 52
76 20
1874. 5
6 18 W
8 08
J. Eisenmann
Snowshoe Bay
43 53
76 14
1874. 7
7 20 W
9 09
Do.
Herkimer-Hamilton coun-
43 54
74 49
1900.7
10 20 W^
10 24
C. H. Flanigan,
ties
mean. 33 sta.
Gallop Island
43 54
76 25
1874. 6
7 28 w
9 17
J. Eisenmann
Crown Point
43 55
73 27
1838. 5
8 47 W
13 07
Regents' Report
Sackett's Harbor
43 57
76 08
1895.5
9 59 W
10 21
Wm. P. Judson
Peninsula Point
43 58
76 16
1874. 7
8 17 W
10 06
J. R. Mayer
Herkimer-Hamilton coun-
44 01
74 49
1900.7
II 05 W
II 09
C. H. Flanigan,
ties
mean, 32 sta.
Near the mountain
44 01
73 50
1838,5
8 16 W
12 36
Geological Report
West Moriah
44 01
73 41
1838. 5
7 01 W
II 21
Do.
Le Royville
44 01
75 44
1826. 4
5 45.0 W
10 48
Crown Point
44 02
73 25
1879. 5
9 37. 3 W
10 51
V. Colvin
Small Pond
44 03
73 37
1838. 5
7 18 W
II 39
Geological Report
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
209
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the Uyiited States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, IQ02 — Continued.
NEW YORK— Continued
Station
Group //^—Continued
East Moriah
Cedar Point
Mount Dix
Bald Peak
Litchfield Park
Mount Marcy
Jefferson County
Keene Valley
Clear Pond
Mount Hurricane
Moosehead Mountain
Elizabethtown
Plessis
Upper Saranac Lake
Alexandria Bay
Dial Mountain
Wellesley Island
Whiteface Mountain
Rossie
Picnic Island
Bog Mountain
St. Regis Lake
St. Regis Mountain
Raquette River
Keeseville
Mount Azure
Chippewa Point
Colton Village
Oak Point, 2 miles NE.
Norway Mountain
Ogdensburg, 4 miles SW.
Lyon Mountain
Ragged Lake
Plattsburg
Rand Hill
La Motte
Malone
West Chazy
Goose Neck Island
St. Regis, Indian Village
Champlain
Massena Point
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
1
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
E or W
Declina-
tion in
1902
West
Observer or
authoritv
1
/
/ 1
1
/
/
44 03
73 31
1838.5 !
10 10 W
14 30
Geological Report
44 03
73 29
1838.5
9 28 W^
13 48
Do.
44 05
73 47
1879. 5
9 57.6 W
II 12
V. Colvin
44 06
73 29
1879- 5
" 59-3 W
13 13
Do.
44 07
74 28
1898.5 )
10 58 W
II 09
W. G. Raymond
44 07
73 55
1879.5
10 42.5 W
12 00
V. Colvin
44 09
75 37
1794.6
2 40 W
8 12
P. Pharoux
44 10
73 46
1883. 5
8 02.6 W
9 09
V. Colvin
44 10
73 57
1883.7
9 50 W
10 56
Do.
1 44 14
73 42
1879.5
9 09. 2 W
10 24
Do.
44 14
7438
1883.6
9 24 w
10 30
Do.
' 44 15
73 36
1900.0
12 58 W
13 04
J. W. Steele
! 44 16
75 55
1858.4
7 35 W
10 40
J. Clark
44 19
74 15
1883.6
10 47 W
II 53
V. Colvin
44 20
75 56
1872. 7
7 00 W
8 58
A. C. Lamson
44 21
73 49
1838. 5
8 20. 5 W
12 45
Geological Report
44 21
76 01
1873.6
8 35 W
10 29
F. M. Towar
44 22
73 54
1879. 5
10 59. 6 W
12 23
V. Colvin
44 22
75 43
1839.5
6 43 W
10 07
A. Hopkins
F. M. Towar
44 22.
75 52
1872.8
7 56 W
9 46
44 23
74 44
1883.6
5 57 W
7 03
V. Colvin
44 24
74 14
1883.6
10 II W
1 II 17
Do.
44 24
74 20
1879. 5
TO 31 W
II 54
Do.
44 25
1 74 45
1883.6
10 07 W
II 13
Do.
44 28
73 32
1838. 5
8 40 W
13 ^
Geological Report
44 28
74 28
1883.7
9 39 W
10 45
V. Colvin
44 29
75 46
1872.6
7 42 w
9 34
F. M. Towar
44 32
74 54
1883.6
9 34 W
10 40
V. Colvin
44 32
75 43
1872.6
II 00 W
12 52
A. C. Lamson
44 34
73 41
1879. 5
12 16. oW
13 39
V. Colvin
1 44 40
75 33
1871.8
9 36 W
1 II 35
A. C. Lamson
44 42
73 52
1879. 5
12 26.5 W
13 50
V. Colvin
44 42
, 74 00
1883.7
I 14 58 w
16 04
Do.
44 45
73 24
1870. 8
' 10 52 W
12 50
J. L. Gillespie
44 46
73 36
1879. 5
II 20.3 w
12 40
V. Colvin
44 50
73 25
1879.5
13 21. 6 W
1 14 40
Do.
44 50
74 15
1883.6
12 28 W
13 34
Do.
44 52
73 25
1838.5
9 21 W
13 41
Geological Report
44 55
75 07
1871.4
9 39 W
II 40
A. C. Lamson
44 59
74 39
1883.7
10 30 W
II 36
V. Colvin
45 00
73 26
1838.5
9 30 w
13 50
Geological Report
45 00
74 46
1871.5
10 37 W
12 37
A. C. Lamson
1
NORTH CAROLINA
Group I
Southport
Wilmington
Lake Waccamaw
Whiteville
Fair Bluff
/
/
33 55
78 01
34 14
77 57
34 18
7833
34 19
78 42
34 19
79 01
27478 — 02 14
1898. 59
1898. 58
1891.36
1899. 90
1891.36
E or
o /
W
I
I
o
I
o
50. 4 W
50. 2 W
41.2 w
43. 8 W
36. 5 W
Eor W
59 W
59 W
12 W
50 W
07 W
J. B. Baylor
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
2IO
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and ouUyhig
territories reduced to January 7, jgo2 — Continued.
NORTH CAROLINA— Continued
1
Lati- 1
tude
Longi-
tude '
Date of
1
Declina-
Declina-
Station
observa-
tion ob-
tion in
tion
ser\'ed
1902
Group /—Continued
/
/
EorW
/
Eor W
/
Burgaw
34 32
77 55
1899.52
I 28.8 W
I 36 W
Elizabethtown
34 36
78 32
1899. 89
I 37. 8 W
I 44W
Lumberton
34 36
7858
1899.88
I 12.0W
I 18 W
Beaufort
34 43
76 40
1898.31
2 36. 3 W
2 46W
Jacksonville
34 44
77 22
1898.56
2 28. 8 W
2 38W
Laurinburg
34 47
79 28
1899.86
I 20. 6 W
I 27 w
Rockingham
34 54
79 46
1899-57
I 24. W
I 31 w
Kenansville
34 58
77 58
1899.51
I 37.0 w
I 44 W
Wadesboro
3458
80 04
1900.40
00.9 E
04 W
Monroe
3458
80 34
1899.58
15.8 W
23 w
Warsaw
34 59
7805
1891.39
I 34-9W
2 06W
Clinton
35 00
78 19
1899.50
I 33.3 w
I 40 w
Hayesville
35 02
83 49
1900.71
I 04.5.E
I 01 E
Fayetteville
35 03
78 52
1899.41
I 41. 7 W
I 49 W
Portsmouth Island
35 04
76 03
1871.25
2 22.0 W
4 04 W
Trenton
35 04
77 21
1900.85
2 54.6 w
2 58W
Murphy
Newbern
35 05
84 03
1898.73
2 18.2 E
2 08E
35 07
77 03
1898.52
2 46.6 w
2 56W
Bayboro
3508
76 45
1898. 53
2 43. 2 W
2 53 W
Franklin
35 II
83 23
1898. 74
I 36.3 E
I 26 E
Charlotte
35 13
80 51
1899.61
23. 5 W
31 W
Brevard
35 14
82 44
1898.78
27. 8 E
18E
Columbus
35 15
82 10
1900.77
005.5 W
loW
Kinston
35 16
77 35
1899. 38
I 50. 9 W
I 58 W
Cape Hatteras L. H.
35 16
75 32
1898.45
3 53.0 W
4 03 W
Shelby
35 17
81 33
1899.65
05. 4 W
13W
Dallas
35 19
81 13
1900. 78
06. 2 w
loW
Hendersonville
35 19
82 28
1900. 76
08.4 w
12 W
Carthage
35 20
79 25
1899-55
I 16. 2 W
I 23 W
Robbinsville
35 20
83 47
1900. 70
I 41.8 E
I 38 E
Webster
35 21
83 14
1898. 76
X 43- oH
I 33 E
Lillington
35 22
7847
1899.92
I 59- 4 W
2 05 W
Troy
35 22
79 52
1899-77
I 26. 3 W
I 32 w
Albemarle
35 22
80 12
1900.82
I 10. 1 W
I 14 W
Rutherfordton
35 22
81 57
1899.64
15.6 W
23 W
Goldsboro
35 23
77 59
1899.40
I 50. 3 W
I 57 W
Swanquarter
35 24
76 19
1898.46
1899-65
3 18. 9 W
3 28 W
Concord
35 24
80 35
2 48. 8 W
2 56 W
Bryson City
35 25
83 27
1898. 71
55. 5 E
45 H
Snowhill
35 28
77 37
1899.48
3 26. W
3 33W
Lincolnton
35 28
81 16
1899.61
35. 8 W
43 W
Waynesville
35 30
8259
1900.69
38. 8 E
35E
Smithfield
35 32
78 21
1899- 43
56. 8 W
ro4W
Washin^on
35 33
77 03
1898.48
2 44. W
2 54W
Chicamicomico
35 35
75 28
1898.44
3 52. 3 W
4 02 W
Asheville
35 35
82 32
1898.67
13. 4 E
03 E
Greenville
35 36
77 22
1898.50
2 33. 5 W
2 43W
Salisbury
35 39
80 32
1898. 63
038.5W
48 W
Newton
35 40
81 13
1900.79
15. 6 W
20 W
Marion
35 40
82 01
1898.64
53. 6 W
I 04 W
Ashboro
35 42
79 49
1899.75
I 58. 8 W
2 05 W
Pittsboro
35 43
79 II
1899.54
2 35. W
2 41 W
Wilson
35 44
77 55
1899-37
I 59. 6 W
2 07 W
Morganton
35 44
81 41
1900.67
27. 7 W
32 w
Statesville
35 47
8053
1899.67
50. 5 W
58W
Obser\''er or
authority
J. B. Baylor
Do.
Do.
C. C. Yates
J. B. Baylor
Do.
Do.
Do.
G. R. Putnam
J. B. Baylor
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
A. T. Mosman
J.B.Baylor
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
211
Tabu of the most recent tnagtietic declinaiions observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igoz — Continued.
NORTH CAROLINA— Continued
Station
Group /—Continued
Marshall
Bodies Island
Jamesville
Raleigh
Sand Island
Williamston
Lexington
Plymouth
Mocksville
Tarboro
Chapelhill
Lenoir
Bumsville
Manteo
Columbia
Ta^lorsville
Windsor
Rockyinount
Nashville
Bakers ville
Louisburg
Durham
Poore
Shellbank
Edenton
Hillsboro
Graham
Greensboro
Stevenson Point
Winston-Salem
Roan Hi^h Bluff
Yadkinville
Wilkesboro
Hertford
Boone
Elizabeth City
Oxford
Camden
Halifax
Henderson
Gatesville
Jackson
Roxboro
Winton
Warrenton
Yanceyville
Wentworth
Jefferson
Danburv
Currituck
W^eldon
Mountairy
Sparta
Nottaway R., Riddicksville
N. C. and Va. B. , Knott Id.
N. C. and Va. bound»y , NW.
Lati-
tude
/
35 47
35
48
35
48
35
48
35 50
35 50
35 50
35 52
35 53
35 54
35
54
35 54
35 54
35 55
35
55
35
55
35
56
35
56
35
58
36
01
36
03
36
03
36
03
36
04
36
04
36
04
36 04
36 04
36
06
36
06
36
06
36
08
36
09
36
II
36
13
36
18
36
18
36
19
36
19
36
22
36
23
36
23
36
23
36
24
36
24
36
24
36
24
36
24
36
26
36 27
36
27
36
30
36
31
36
32
36
33
36
33
Longi-
tude
82 40
75 32
76 52
7836
75 40
77 02
80 16
76 44
80 34
77 37
79 03
81 32
82 17
75 40
76 15
81 10
76 59
77 48
77 58
82 09
78 19
78 55
81 09
75 44
76 36
Ifi 05
79 24
79 49
76 II
80 15
82 09
80 39
81 09
76 28
81 41
76 13
7838
76 12
77 38
78 22
76 48
77 29
7859
76 59
78 09
79 22
79 47
81 28
80 12
76 01
7738
80 37
81 09
76 56
75 56
76 12
Date of I
observa- 1
tion I
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
EorW EorW
898
846
891
899
876
899
900
898
900
899
898
900
900-
898
899
900
898
900
899
900
899
898
895
847
898
898
899
899
847
899
894
900
899
899
900
898
898
900
899
899
899
899
898
899
898
900
899
900
900
898
887
899
900
887
887
886
69
99
44
44
08
93
83
36
81
34
23
66
73
44
26
80
37
41
36
74
95
27
68
24
38
28
97
73
10
69
81
61
71
25
65
40
32
88
33
94
28
31
30
29
34
58
74
64
60 I
41 '
24
70 ;
62 I
17
06
99
o •/
14.6 E
1 13.
2 09
2 27
3
o
3
I
3
I
o
o
4
4
o
4
2
I
05
04
26
18
33
28
36
01
22
01
36
29
30
42
o 40
2 24
18
25
44
29
03
02
I
o
I
3
2
2
o 50
I
I
o
I
o
3
o
4
2
4
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
I
o
2
4
2
I
o
2
3
2
39
42
33
02
29
15
39
14
00
21
00
32
45
II
II
15
25
00
57
43
23
46
30
13
39
30
33
54
.2W
. I W 1
.'3W '
.9W
.9W
.3W
.2W
.6W
•5W
.3B
.2W
.1 W
.. 6 W
1.6 W
..2 W
.2 W
.. 8 W^
.1 W
.9 W
.7 w
.8 W
.2 W^
.9W
.9W
►.3W
1.6 W
.9W
».4E
.6 W
1.7 w
.1 W
I.7W
.4W
••5 W
.9W
.0 W
.oW
.2 W
.1 W
.4W
.8 W
.2 W
.oW
.7 W
. I W
. I W
. I W^
.8 W
.oW
.9W
.1 W
.2 W
.oW^
o 04 E
4 25W
2 40W
2 34W
4 23 W
3 II W
08 W
3 37 W
1 22 W
3 40 W
1 39 W
o 41 W
o 03 W
4 32W
4 08 W
41 W
4 40 W
2 35 W
1 49 W
45 W
2 30 W
1 30 W
o 46 W
456W
3 39 W
2 15 W
2 08 W
56 W
451W
1 50 W
II E
1 07 W
o 37 W
3 22 W
o 44 W
4 24 W
2 II W
4 25 W
2 07 W
2 37 W
3 52 W
3 18 W
2 22 W
3 23 W
2 35 W
2 04 W
2 04 W
47 W
2 27 W
456W
3 15W
1 19 W
o 44 W
3 15W
4 18 W
3 40 W
Observer or
authority
J. B. Baylor
C. O. Boutelle
J. B. Baylor
Do.
E. Smith
J. B. Baylor
Do. .
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do. •
Do.
Do.
Do.
J. A. Fleming
J. B. Baylor
Do.
Do.
Do.
A. H. Buchanan
Boutelle, Davidson
J. B. Baylor
Do.
Do.
Do.
C. O. Boutelle
J. B. Baylor
A. H. Buchanan
J. B. Baylor
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
C. H. Sinclair
Do.
Do.
212
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic decimations observed in the United States and outlving
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
NORTH CAROLIXA—Continued
Station
i I roup II
Red Springs
Sladesville
Wimble Shoals
Rolesville
Ellendale
Coinjock
Lati-
tude
34 51
35 26
35 34
35 54
35 54
36 18
Longi-
tude
79 12
76 28
75 24
78 29
81 16
76 00
Date of
obseri'a-
tion
1901
1901.5
173S.5
1895
1896
1874
Declina-
tion ob-
served
E or W
o /
I 20
3 28
4 00
1 30
o 45
2 45
W
\V
\v
w
E
w
Declina-
tion in
1902
E or W
/
1 22 \V
3 29 W
I 49 w
o 30 E
4 15 W
Observer or
authority
J. E. Purcell
J. H. Wahab
Countv sur\-evor
Do.
Do.
NORTH DAKOTA
Group I
Bismarck, C. H. Grounds
.Jamestown
Dickinson
Williston
Rugby
Pembina
Group II
Sargent County
Dickey County
Mcintosh County
Emmons County
Richland County
Hettinger County
Lisbon
Ransom County
Lamoure County
Logan County
Morton County
Billings County
Stark County
Fargo
Cass County
Barnes County
Stutsman County
Kidder County
Burleigh County
Oliver County
Williams County
Dunn County
Mercer County
Carrington
Foster County
Near Fort Berthold
McLean County
Griggs County
Steele County
Traill County
Sheridan County
Wells County .
New Rockford
46 48
46 54
46 54
48 09
48 22
48 58
46 26 97 40
46 53 96 47
47 27
47 28
100 47
98 43
102 44
103 38
99 56
97 14
lOI
47 41
99 07
50
1890
1896
1896
1896
1896
1896
58
43
44
52
53
54
99 08
882
883
884
884
873
891
892
878
881
883
884
885
883
898.7
874
875
875
878
88r
882
887
884
885
898.6
883
860.5
883
881
878
874
886
885
898.6
East
o /
15 14.9
12 27.5
16 II. 7
16 57-7
13 43. 8
II 20.0
East
o /
2
3
4
5
3
6
47
27
ID
16
21
08
30
19
41
32
6 01
655
53
03
30
37
38
57
II
56
04
45
50
00
16
58
15
30
25
34
32
32
22
4
2
5
6
3
o
33
03
53
39
22
55
1 34
2 17
3 03
4 14
36
32
53
53
24
22
05
6 01
5 52
50
1 46
I 59
3 00
38
00
50
3
4
4
5
5
4
2
3
7
5
2
I
I
4
3
3
16
49
56
47
06
20
II
13
59
52
37
32
09
R. A. Marr
R. L. Faris
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Mean, 24 stations
Mean, 32 stations
Mean, 28 stations
Mean, 45 stations
Mean, 37 stations
Mean, 13 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 28 stations
Mean, 32 stations
Mean, 28 stations
Mean, 52 stations
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 26 stations
G. T. Hawkins
Mean, 45 stations
Mean, 42 stations
Mean, 63 stations
Mean, 40 stations
Mean, 47 stations
Mean, 21 stations
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 2 stations
Mean, 13 stations
G. T. Hawkins
Mean, 18 stations
W. F. Raynolds
Mean, 21 stations
Mean, 20 stations
Do.
Do.
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 31 stations
G. T. Hawkins
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
213
labU of the most recent magnetic declinatiofis observed in the United States arid outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
NORTH DAKOTA~-Continued
Station ^
ati-
ade
Longi
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
1
/ 1
East
/
East
/
Eddy County
Garneld County
• •
1882
14 17
13 04
Mean, 18 stations
. , 1888
15 35
14 50
I station
Stevens County
1886
15 49
14 54
Mean, 5 stations
Church County
1885
15 28 .
14 28
Mean. 4 stations
Nelson County
1882
13 33
12 20
Mean, 28 stations
Grand Porks County
. 1877
13 54
12 20
Mean, 38 stations
Grand Porks 4
7 5
6 97
4 1898.6
10 45.5
10.32
G. T. Hawkins
Port Totten 4
7 5
8 985
7 1880
14 30
13 10
County surveyor
Lakota 4
8
2 98 2
1898. 6
12 38.5
12 25
G. T. Hawkins
Minnewaukan 4
8
4 99 I
5 1898.6
14 31
14 18
Do.
Benson County |
• •
• • • •
1886
14 19
13 20
Mean, 36 stations
Devils Lake ' ' 4
8
7 98 5
3 1S98.6
14 06
13 53
G. T. Hawkins
Pierce County
. 1895
14 03
13 39
Mean, 28 stations
Ward County
1S87
16 06
15 15
Mean, 22 stations
McHenry County
1886
15 10
14 15
Mean, 29 stations
Ramsey County
1885
13 37
12 34
Mean, 33 stations
Walsh County
1881
13 35
12 15
Mean, 32 stations
Towner County
. 1885
14 15
13 12
Mean, 31 stations
Cavalier County
«
. 1885
13 40
12 37
Mean, 48 stations
Pembina County
1871
14 00
12 10
Mean, 30 stations
Rolette County ' .
1884
14 35
13 29
Mean, 22 stations
Renville County
1893
16 16
15 45
Bottineau County
1887
16 05
15 13
Mean, 13 stations
Canada Boundary 4
9
97 4
1872.5
15 00
13 12
W. J. Twining
Canada B., n'r Pembina Mts. 4
9
98
1872.5
15 10
13 24
Do.
Canada Boundary 4
9
98 I
1872.5
15 30
13 45
Do.
Do. 4
9
983
1872.5
15 32.5
13 50
Do.
Do. 1 4
9
98 4
5 1872.5
15 15
13 33
Do.
Do. 4
9 «
98 5
5 1872.5
15 40
14 00
Do.
Do. 4
9
99
2 1872.5
15 50
14 10
Do.
Do. 4
9
100 2
8 1873.6
16 57.5
15 28
Do.
Do. 1 4
9
100 4
1 1873.6
17 10
1542
Do.
Do. 4
9
lOI I
, 1873.6
17 45
16 20
Do.
Do. 4
9
102
1873.6
18 00
16 38
Do.
Do. 4
9
102 I
5 1873.6
18 II
1651
Do.
Do. \
9
103
1873. 6
18 00
16 44
Do.
Do. 4
9
103 3
1 1873. 7
18 08
1655
Do.
OHIO
Group I
/
/ '
E or W
/
'■ E or W
/
South Point 3
8 2
5 82 3
5 1864. 14
I 52. 9 E
36 W
A. T. Mosman
Portsmouth 3
84
5 82 5
9 ; 1900.51
2 17. I W
2 22 W
J. W. Miller
Cincinnati 3
9 ^
8 84 2
5 1S99.64
I 06. 2 E
58E
' Vehrenkamp
Athens 3
9 2
82 <j
6 1898. 44
22. 2 W
35 W
E. Smith
Chillicothe 3
9 2
82 5
9 1900. 52
33. 6 W
39 W
J.W.Miller
Marietta 3
9 2
5 81 2
8 1S98. 45
2 01. 4 W
2 14 w
E. Smith
Washington 3
9 3
4 83 2
5 19^^. 53
31.2 W^
36 w
J. W. Miller
Davton, National Mil. Home 3
9 4
6 84 I
5 1900.49
07. 6 E
02 E
Fleming & Wallis
Columbus 3
9 5
9 83 c
•I 1900. 48
43. 6 W
049W
J. A. Fleming
Newark \
4 ; 8
2 2
6 1900. 48
33. I E
' 28E
Do.
214
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902,
Table of the most recejit magnetic declinations obsen^ed i7i the United States and outlying
territories reduced to Jarmary /, ipo2 — Continued.
OHIO— Continued
Station
Group /—Continued
Bellefontaine
Tuscarawas
Marion
Ashland
Akron
Warren, S. M.
Warren, N. M.
Cleveland
Jefferson
Group II
Ironton
Portsmouth
Ljrra
Gallipolis
ShyviUe
Jackson
Waverly
Miami River, mouth
8 m. N. of Cincinnati
Athens
Hamilton
Lebanon
Wilmington
Oxford
Sprin^boro
Washin&^on
Circleville
Ridge
Carrollton Station
Montgomery County
Lancaster
Preble County
Springfield
New Madison
Columbus
Batesville
Zanesville
Miami County
Greenville
Darke County
St. Clairsville
Marysville
Coshocton
Shelby County
Logan County
Mount Vernon
Steubenville
Dover
Morrow County
Mercer County
Auglaize County
Wapakoneta
Honnes County
Marion County
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
40 22
40 24
40 34
40 54
41 05
41
41
41
15
15
30
41 44
38 35
3845
38 46
38 53
39 01
39 04
39 08
39 08
39 15
39 20
39 23
39 26
39 28
39 30
39 31
39 34
39 36
39 38
39 38
• • •
39 43
« • •
39 54
39 56
39 56
39 58
3958
• •
40 07
• • • •
40 10
40 15
40 17
40 24
40 24
40 31
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served.
40 34
/ I
83 46
81 24
83 07
82 20
81 33
80 50
80 50
81 42
80 48
82 37
82 59
82 42
82 07
82 57
82 36
82 58
84 45
84 25
82 06
8433
84 II
83 49
84 45
84 16
83 21
82 53
81 35
84 09
• • • •
82 36
• • • •
83 47
84 43
82 56
81 18
82 04
p •
84 38
• • • •
80 52
83 23
81 52
• • •
• • •
82 30
80 39
T
81 29
• • • •
J^
• • • «
• • • •
84 13
—
1
• • • •
•
1900-53
1900.48
1900.54
1900.55
1900.57
1900.59
1900.59
1900.57
1900.58
896
901.2
895
838.5
1.2
5
895
810.5
873.8
900.0
895
891
838.5
845.6
838.5
838.5
901.0
895
845.7
800
901.2
801
835.5
838.5
900.4
838.5
838.5
799
895
801
838.5
895
838.5
807
832
896
900.4
838.5
811
810
828
883
807
830
EorW
o /
o 07. 8 E
2 15. I W
34. 2 W
1 01. o W
2 25. 2 W
3 12.7 W
2 13.6 W
3 10. o W
3 05.4 W
o
2
o
I
2
I
O
5
2
o
o
I
4
4
4
3
o
I
40
40
44
35
00
16
E
W
w
E
W
W
00
10 E
40.7 E
27 W
E
E
E
E
E
E
W
W
44
37
05
50
04
06
36
15
4 45.4 E
5 10 E
I 50
5 04
4 30
4 51
27
22
30
10
o
I
2
5
2
5
2
I
I
4
3
o
I
I
3
5
4
I
2
4
09
13
31
00
30
57
50
15
33
50
17
32
17
14
52
17
W
E
E
E
W
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
W
W
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Declina-
tion in
1902
E or \V
o /
O
2
O
1
2
3
2
3
3
03 E
20W
39W
06 W
30 w
18 w
19 w
15 w
10 w
20 E
2 43W
1 08 W
1 14 W
2 03 W
I 40 w
o 24 W
o 54E
o 49 E
o 34 W
o 20 E
058E
16 E
1 19 E
o 15 E
o 43 W
39 W
1 39 W
I 15 E
I 03 E
I 53 W
o 57E
35 E
1 02 E
33 W
2 27 W
1 19 W
I 05 E
I 45 E
I 06 E
1 18 W
o 36E
2 19W
o 43E
o II W
35 W
1 39 W
I 59 w
59 W
1 16 E
o 09 E
02 E
1 22 W
o 12 E
Observer or
authority
J.W.Miller
J. A. Fleming
j: W. Miller
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
County surveyor
W.H W.Jenkins
County surveyor
J. Fletcher
G. O. Stewart
County surveyor
H. W. Overman
J. Mansfield
G. B. Nicholson
A. A. Atkinson
J. C. Weaver
P. O. Monfort
D. Wickersham
J. Locke
E. Bally
J. Bell
E. H. Fischer
County surveyor
J. Locke
Mean, 10 stations
A. E. Bretz
Mean, 8 stations
Dutton
J. Jaqua
Henry Maetzel
M. Atkinson
J. Boyle
Mean, 5 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 16 stations
J. C. Moore
County surveyor
J. W. Sweeney
Mean, 7 stations
I station
County surveyor
Sam Huston
H. V. Beeson
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 8 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 11 stations
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
215
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and oiitlying
territories reduced to January /, /po^ — Continued.
OHIO—Continued
Station
Group II — Continued
Carrollton
Sandyville
Kenton
Hardin County
Allen County
Mansfield
Lisbon
Wooster
New Lisbon
Forest
Ashland County
Crawford County
Wyandot County
Van West County
Pa, line, 75 m. S. of L. Erie
Chippewa
Kalida
Poland
Canfield
Berlin
Atwater
Portaee
Suffield
Coventry
Norton
Putnam County
Ottawa
Hancock County
Akron
Tallmadge
Youngstown
Tiffin
Paulding County
•Seneca
4 miles north of Akron
Medina
Brookfield
Braceville
Hudson
Defiance
Streetsboro
Flat Rock
Lorain County
Henry County
Defiance County
Erie County
Low^r Sandusky
Sandusky County
Aurora
Huron
Vermilion
Sandusky
Kinsman
Black River
Pa. Line, 34 miles north
Lati- i Longi-
tude tude
Date of
observa-
tion
40 36
40 37
40 39
40 47
40 47
40 49
40 50
40 50
• • •
•
40 53
40 55
40 59
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
•
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
02
• «
05
06
07
08
• •
09
10
12
14
14
15
15
17
18
41 21
83 09
41 23
81 18
41 25 j
82 35
41 26
82 21
41 27
82 45
41 28
8037
41 28
82 10
41 29
80 31
81 06
81 22 I
83 37 ^
82 31
80 48
81 58
80 49
83 28
•
• •
• •
• •
80
• • 1
• •
31
81
48
84
14
80
31
80
50
81
03
81
II
81
31
81
22
81
48
81
53
• •
84
• •
03
• •
81
33
81
28
86
40
83
II
83 II
81 33 .
81 53 I
80 37 ;
80 58 '
81 26 I
84 23 .
81 22 I
84 12
895
810.5
838. 5
820
832
894
895
840. 5
880.5
874.6
807
822
824
820
880.4
810. 5
838.5
810.5
810.5
810.5
810.5
838. 5
810. 5
810. 5
810. 5
825
895
821
901
806.5
796.6
895
822
810.5
797.5
900.1
837.5
838.5
840.5
810.5
821.4
838.5
876
822
822
838.5
821
796.7
877.4
876.8
872.4
796.6
876.8
796.6
Declina-
tion ob-
served
EorW
o /
2 15
v\
2 10
E
5 17
E
5 03
E
3 55
E
I 27
W
2 30
W
I 47
E
I 29.
I W
2 18.
3E
3 34
E
3 29
E
4 21
E
4 55
E
I 55
W^
2 36
E
3 00
E
I 21
E
I 37
E
I 48
E
2 64
E
I 15
E
2 22
E
2 19
E
2 30
E
4 20
E
00
4 30
E
2 15
W
I 00
E
I 27
E
05
E
448
E
3 57
E
2 02
E
I 45
W
40
E
50
E
52
E
4 30
E
2 05
E
3 14
E
36
W
4 17
E
4 30
E
2 48
E
3 00
E
I 22
E
29
E
28
E
55
E
I 30
E
17
E
I 37
E
Declina-
tion in
1902
E or W
o /
2 39 W
2 06 W
I 28 E
o 47 E
06 W
1 55 W
2 54 W
1 58 W
2 53 ^V
o 30E
o 40 W
o 45 W
o 09 E
39E
3 19W
1 40 W
49 W
2 55 W
2 39 W
2 28 W
2 12 W
2 34 W
1 54 W
I 57 W
1 46 W
o 09 E
o 24 W
o 15E
2 18 W
3 13 W
2 32 W
o 19 W
o 34E
19 W
1 59 W^
1 52 W
3 II W
2 59W
2 53 W
o 14 E
2 loW
o 35 W
2 16 W
o 03 E
o 16 E
41 W
1 01 W
1 15 w
2 37 W
I 08 W
I II W
I 02 w
2 29 W^
1 22 W
2 22 W
Observer or
authority
County surveyor
E. Buckingham
J. H. Ross
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 5 stations
County surveyor
Do.
C. W. Christmas
J. B. Strawn
F. E. Hilgard
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 1 1 stations
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 5 stations
J. B. Strawn
J. Mansfield
E. B. Fitch
J. Mansfield
Do.
Do.
Do.
Mallison
J. Mansfield
Do.
Do.
Mean, 7 stations
J. D. Huddle
Mean, 17 stations
J. A. Gehres
S. S. Ensign
A. SpofFord
County surveyor
Mean, 10 stations
J. Mansfield
M. Warren
L. B. Ganyard
G. Boyse
F. E. Stowe
E. Loomis
J. Mansfield
R. Cowles
W. C. Brownell
I station
Mean, 9 stations
Do.
Mean, 8 stations
De Reeves
Mean, 19 stations
S. Pease
F. Terry
F.M.Towar
A. C. Lamson
S. Pease
F.Terry
M. Hallery
2l6
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, ipo2 — Continued.
OHIO— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Group //—Continued
Mesopotamia
South Newbury
Rocky River
Sandusky, Sand Point
Rapids of Maumee
Avon Point
Port Clinton
Majrfield
Euclid
Williams County
Ottawa County
Catawba Island
Chardon
Kelleys Island
Locust Point
Fulton County
Bass Islands
Green Island
Willoughby
Toledo
Kirtland
Toledo
North Bass Island
Maumee R. , E. side of mouth
Bloomfield
Mentor
Maumee Bay, Cedar Point
West Sister Island .
Fairport
Pa, Line, 14 m. S. of L. Erie
Denmark
Madison
Pa. Line, 60 miles north
Red Creek
Ashtabula
North Kingsville
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
29
29
29 :
30 i
30 I
31
31
32
34
35
35
36
36
39
39
40
40
41
42
42
42
43
43
43
44
45
47
47
47
52
53
55
56
/
81 00
81 18
81 52
82 43
8330
82 01
82 58
81 26
81 34
• • •
• • •
82 50
81 15
82 44
83 06
82 44
82 52
81 26
83 34
81 21
83 28
82 48
83 26
81 00
81 22
83 20
83 06 ;
81 16
80 31
80 45
81 02
80 31
80 51
80 48
80 41
796.6
796.6
876.8
877.4
810.5
876.8
877.5
796.7
876.7
822
821
877.5
901
877-5
877.6
823
846.3
845.6
876.7
895
796.7
901.7
877.4
862.6
796.6
796.7
877.6
847.5
876.7
796.5
796.7
876.5
796.6
876.6
876.5
876.5
Eor W
o /
2
I
O
22
20
II
2
O
o 37
48
36
o 47
03
10
36
50
o 40
3 15
o 39
o 40
I
I
4
3
4
2
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
2
I
o
2
2
o
I
I
I
2
I
I
20
23
34
51
08
00
08.
13
35
00
50
10
20
00
53
30
59
53
00
46
16
E
E
W
E
E
W
E
E
W
E
E
E
W
E
E
E
E
E
W
W
E
I W
E
E
E
E
W
E
W
E
E
W
E
W
W
W
Declina-
tion in
1902
I
EorW
o /
37 W
39 W
50 W
ooW
28 W
15 w
50 W
56 W
49 W
22 E
25 W
56 W
18 W
57 W
56 W
07 E
06W
57 W
31 w
32 W
ooW
09W
24W
ooW
ooW
10 W
46 W
06 W
40 W
306W
2 30 w
339W
2 07 W
3 40W
3 26W
2 56 W
I
2
I
I
I
2
O
2
2
O
O
o
3
o
o
o
I
o
3
I
3
I
o
I
2
2
I
I
3
Observer or
authority
S. Pease
Do.
F. M. Towar
A. C. Lamson
J. Mansfield
F.M. Towar
F.Terry
S. Pease
F.Terry
Mean, 11 stations
Mean, 19 stations
A. C Lamson
E. L. F. Phelps
A. C. Lamson
F. M. Towar
Mean, 13 stations
Chart
J.C.Woodruff
F.M. Towar
County surveyor
S. Pease
T. Russell
F. M. Towar
W.H.Hearding
S. Pease
M. Halley
A. C. Lamson
Chart
A. C. Lamson
A. Porter
M. Halley
F. M. Towar
M. Halley
A. C. Lamson
Do.
F. M. Towar
OKLAHOMA
Group I
Mangum
Cheyenne
Perrv
Woodward
Beaver
Group II
K., C, and A. Res'n, SE.
K., C, and A. Res'n, SW.
K., C, and A. Res'n, NE.
K., C, and A. Res'n,. NW.
/
/
34 52
35 37
36 16
36 27
36 49
99 31
99 40
97 20
99 23
100 30
• • •
• • •
. . . . {
• a «
• • •
1900.93
1900.92
1901.63
1900.91
1900.90
1874
1875
1874
1874
East
o /
10 14.6
10 34.9
9 12.9
10 52.5
lo 58.6
II 00
II 14
10 45
10 58
East
o /
10 II
10 31
9 12
10 49
10 55
9 45
10 01
9 30
9 43
W. C. Dibrell
Do.
J. M. Kuehne
W. C. Dibrell
Do.
Mean, 24 stations
Mean, 23 stations
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 12 stations
k
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
217
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
OKLAHOMA— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Greer County
Pottawatomie County
Cleveland County
Washita County
I County
Oklahoma
Oklahoma County
Canadian County
Roger Mills County
G County
Lincoln County
Ind. Mer.,T's 16 and 17 N.
Lo^n County
Blaine County
Day County
Grand
Kingfisher County
D County
Payne County
Stillwater
Payne Co. , 5th Par. and P. M.
Pa^^^lee County
Noble County
Do.
Garfield County
Woods County
Woodward County
Osage Nation
Beaver County, west
Beaver County, middle
Beaver County, east
Grant County
Kay County
Lati- Longi-
tude tude
35 28
35 54
36 06
36 15
• • • •
36 18
97 30
35 58 ' 99 48
97 14
97 03
97 14
• • •
97 18
Date of
observa-
tion
1874
1873
1872
1874
1873
1895
1872
1872
1S74
1874
1877
1901.5
1871
1874
1874
1901.2
1872
1874
1872
1896
1900.7
1872
1900.0
1872
1872
1873
1873
1872
1891
1891
1890
1872
1872
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
II 18
10 00
11 10
II 06
10 32
9 25
10 35
10 45
11 40
10 52
11 06
9 12
10 38
10 50
11 27
9 48
10 47
11 16
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
10 03
8 43
9 51
9
9
9
9
9
51
15
04
16
26
10 25
9 37
9
9
9
9
57
10
17
35
10 12
9 45
9 28
10 01
10 30
9 II
9 45
9 27
9 15
9 II
10 10
851
9 20
9 13
II 10
9 51
10 56
9 37
II 20
10 03
II 40
10 23
10 20
9 01
II 52
II 20
II 50
1 II 18
II 20
10 48
II 23
10 04
1 10 49
9 30
Observer or
authority
Mean, 33 stations
Mean, 9 stations
Do.
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 13 stations
County sur\'eyor
Mean, 14 stations
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 11 stations
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, 13 stations
B. S. Reeves
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 9 stations
Mean, 13 stations
F. M. Sandford
Mean, 10 stations
Do.
Mean, 7 stations
County surveyor
T. P. German
Mean, 6 stations
A. I. Thompson
Mean, 9 stations
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 25 stations
Mean, 30 stations
Mean, 23 stations
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 54 stations
Mean, 60 stations
Mean, 13 stations
Mean, 9 stations
OREGON
>^^ m V
East
East
Group I
/
/
/
/
Jacksonville
42 18
122 58
1881. 54
17 24.4
17 37
J. S. Lawson
Ewing Harbor
42 44
124 30
1851.89
18 29.7
19 51
G. Davidson
Canyonville
42 54
123 18
1881.55
17 48.5
18 02
J. S. Lawson
Loggie
43 21
124 10
1889.70
20 35
20 39
E. F. Dickins
Ross
43 21
124 11
18S9. 70
20 31
20 35
Do.
Fossil 2
43 21
124 19
1889.88
20 16
20 20
Do.
North Spit
43 22
124 20
1889. 87
20 II
20 15
Do.
Pigeon 2
43 22
124 19
1889. 85
20 06
20 10
Do.
Coos River Hill
43 22
124 10
1889.69
20 06
20 10
Do.
White Point 2
43 22
124 12
1889.79
19 07
19 II
Do.
Marshfield Hill
43 22
124 14
1889.78
18 06
18 10
Do.
Crawford 2
43 23
124 12
1889.68
19 21
19 25
Do.
Pierce
43 24
124 12
1889.68
17 28
17 32
Do.
Cemetery
43 24
, 124 17
1889. 85
. 20 03
20 07
Do.
2l8
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic decimations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, 1^02 — Continued.
OREGON— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
1
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in 1
1902
Observer or
authority
Group I — Continued
1
/
/
East
/
East
/
Empire 2
43 24
124 17 i
1889.85
20 01
20 05
E. F. Dickins
Pest
43 24
124 18
1889.87
20 06
20 10
Do.
Simpson
43 25 ;
124 14
1889.76
19 II
19 15
Do.
North Bend 2
43 25
124 14
1889.68
18 44
18 48
Do.
Pony
43 25
124 16
1889.85
19 45
19 49
Do.
Hutchinson 2
43 25
124 17
1889.86
19 59
20 03
Do.
North Slough
43 26
124 15
1889.85
19 37
19 41
Do.
Mabry
43 26
124 13
1889.65
1833
1837
Do,
Oakland
43 26
123 18
1881.56
19 41.2
19 54
J. S. Lawson
Ten Mile Knoll
43 53
124 09
1887. 45
20 52
20 59
E. F. Dickins
Cannery Hill
44 00
124 07
1887.47
21 24
21 31
Do.
Eugene
44 03
123 05
1881.56
20 48.1
21 01
J. S. Lawson
Mary Peak
44 31
123 29
1877. 79
20 51.7
21 II
G. Davidson
Yaquina
44 36
124 01
1888. 36
20 18.2
20 24
R. A. Marr
Albany
44 39
123 02
1881.57
21 42.0
21 55
J. S. Lawson
Yaquina Point Light-House
44 40
124 04
1885.33
20 50.6
21 00
F. Morse
Salem
44 56
122 58
1881.58
19 58.0
20 11
J. S. Lawson
Portland, Custom-House
45 31
122 41
1895. 14
•22 24.5
22 26
J. J. Gilbert
Portland
45 31
122 42
1900.89
22 24.0
22 24
W. Weinrich, jr.
Three Mile Creek, nr. Dalles
45 39
120 58
1881.78
21 02.8
21 02
J. S. Lawson
Blalock
45 44
120 22
1881.77
20 21.2
20 19
Do.
St. Helen
45 52
122 48
1881.62
19 08.0
19 21
Do.
Umatilla
45 57
119 20
1881.76
21 32,2
21 30
Do.
Rainier
46 05
122 56
1886.50
23 45.0
23 53
G. Davidson
Astoria
46 12
123 50
1881.61
22 26.4
22 39
J. S. Lawson
Group II
California Boundary
42 00
120 06
1868.7
18 41
18 53
D. G. Major
Do.
42 00
120 38
1868.8
18 29
18 44
Do.
Do.
42 00
121 II
1868.8
18 II
18 29
Do.
Do.
42 00
122 15
1868.9
18 30
1855
Do.
Do.
42 00
122 55
1868.9
19 07
19 36
Do.
Do.
42 00
123 37
1869.5
18 29
19 02
Do.
Klamath County, south
• •
• • •
1893
19 15
19 15
Mean, 10 stations
Josephine County
• • •
« • • «
1893
19 30
19 30
Mean, 2 stations
Jackson County
• • •
• •
1893
19 20
19 20
Mean, 6 stations
CanyonvUle
42 54
123 18
1885.5
19 27
19 36
W. Thiel
Camp Harney
43 00
119 00
1876. 1
18 23
18 26
Wainwright
Cape Blanco, near
43 06
124 18
1792.3
16 00
• • •
G. Vancouver
Coos County
• «
• • •
1884
19 40
19 50
Mean, 4 stations
Klamath County, north
• • • •
• • • •
1892
19 18
19 18
Mean, 7 stations
Roseburg
43 13
123 22
1896
20 07
20 08
W. P. Heydon
Douglas County
• • • •
• • • • •
! 1890
19 17
19 21
Mean, 6 stations
Lake Watmnpi
43 16
119 15
1 1859. 5
18 10
18 39
J. Dixon
Stillwater Slough
43 25
118 48
; 1859.5
18 10
18 39
Do.
Harney County, northeast
• • •
• • • •
' 1863
18 17
18 39
Mean, 4 stations
Oakland
43 26
123 18
1888.5
19 40
19 45
W. Thiel
Surprise Creek
43 37
118 38
1859.5
18 25
18 54
J. Dixon
Owyhee River Ford
Malheur River, left bank
43 47
117 03
1859. 7
18 04
18 27
Do.
43 49
117 20
1859. 5
18 15
18 38
Do.
Rock Creek Canyon
43 56
118 07
1859. 5
18 30
18 58
Do.
Lane Countv, east
• • • •
• * « •
1901
18 30
18 30
C. M. Collier
Lane County, average
»
* • • • •
1901
20 40
20 40
Do.
Siuslaw River, mouth
43 57
124 10
1900
20 05
20 05
G. E. Bingham
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
219
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, igo2 — Continued.
OREGON—Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Group //—Continued
Eugene
Lane County, west
Crooked River Canyon
Birch Creek
Prineville
Waldport
Linn County
WiHow Creek
Grant County
Benton County
Corvallis
Albany
Lincoln County !
Cape Foulweather, near I
Des Chutes River Crossing 1
Polk County
Marion County
Oak Grove Creek
Clackamas County
Gilliam County
McMinnville |
Wasco County |
Grande Roqde Valley
Grande Ronde River >
Near Cape Lookout |
Tillamook County
Tillamook
Hillsboro
Multnomah County
Wallowa County
Lees Camp, Blue M't*ns
Three Mile Creek
The Dalles, i mile east
Umatilla County
Umatilla River
Vernonia
Columbia County
Washington Boundary
Rainier
Clatskanie
Longi-
tude
Date of
obserN'a-
tion
o /
44 02
•
44 03
44 16
44 17
44 23
• •
44 27
44 33
44 37
• « « «
44 42
44 47
45 06
• • • •
45 13
• • j
45 16 ,
45 20
45 20
45 25
45 30
45 33
45 34
o /
123 06
«
120 00
117 26
120 52
124 05
• « • « •
120 53
• B •
• S B •
123 17
123 06
• • • •
124 07
121 06
121 15
123 10
• • •
117 43
117 57
124 00
• as
123 52
122 59
118 21
121 06
45 35
121 09
• • • •
45 41
45 50
« •
118 40
123 10
• B • •
46 01
46 04
46 05
• • • •
118 25
122 56
123 12
901
901
859.5
859.7
895
893
891
859.5
895
901
895
895
893
792.3
859.4
892
890
859.4
892
888
901
895
859.8
859.8
789.5
892
895
895
887
893
859.8
859.4
900.6
866
859.8
895
893
864.4
895
895
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
21
21
18
18
20
21
20
18
20
20
20
20
19
18
19
20
20
19
21
21
21
20
18
19
16
20
21
21
22
20
19
19
21
20
20
22
21
20
21
21
20
00
40
09
00
00
30
55
00
20
00
42
53
00
15
30
22
20
17
07
00
00
20
00
05
20
54
30
22
00
20
45
29
20
02.5
30
20
20
40
45
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
21 20
21 00
19 20
18 32
20 00
21 02
20 33
19 39
20 00
20 20
20 02
20 44
19 56
• • % m
20 00
20 33
20 26
20 05
21 20
21 07
21 00
20 02
18 48
19 28
• • •
20 23
21 56
21 32
22 29
19 56
19 50
20 30
21 29
20 36
20 32
22 32
21 22
20 40
21 42
21 47
Observer or
authority
C. M. Collier
Do.
J. Dixon
Do.
County surveyor
Do.
Mean, 5 stations
J. Dixon
County sur\'eyor
G. H. Waggoner
George Mercer
E. T. T. Fisher
Mean, 6 stations
G. Vancouver
J. Dixon
I station
Mean, 3 stations
J. Dixon
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 3 stations
C . E. Branson
County surveyor
J. Dixon
Do.
J. Meares
Mean, 5 stations
A. M. Austin
L. E. Wilkes
Mean, 2 stations
I station
J. Dixon
Do.
W. Cuthbert
Mean, 3 stations
J. Dixon
County surveyor
Mean, 3 stations
D. G. Major
County surveyor
Do.
PENNSYLVANIA
Group I
Mason and Dixon Line
Gettysburg, S. M.
Gettysburg, N. M.
Wajnesburg
Uniontown, S. M.
Union town, N. M.
Westchester
/
/
39 43
39 52
79 29
77 14
• • • •
39 54
39 54
• •
80 12
79 43
39 55
75 35
1897. 79
1901.80
1901. 80
1901.88
1901.89
1901 . 89
1901.76
EorW EorW
3 47. 5 W
4 02 W
L. A. Bauer
4 53. 4 W
454W
J. W. Miller
4 49. 4 W
4 50W
Do.
3 07. 7 W
3 08W
Do.
3 39. 1 W
3 39W
Do.
3 41.3 W
3 42W
Do.
7 23. 2 W
7 24W
Do.
220
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations obset'ved in the United States and outlying^
terf'itories reduced to January i, ipo2 — Continued.
PENNSYLVANI .—Continued
Station
! Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Group I — Continued
Chambersburg
Philadelphia, Hospital
Philadelphia, Girard Col.
Yard
York, S. M.
York,N.M.
Johnson Tavern
Somerset
Bedford
Lancaster, S. M.
Lancaster, N. M.
Fannettsburg
Bristol, Vanuxem
Hatboro
Washington, S. M.
Washington, N. M.
Carlisle, S. M.
Carlisle, N.M.
Harrisburg, N. M.
Harrisburg, S. M.
Greensburg, S. M.
Greensburg, N. M.
Reading
Andersonburg
Lebanon, S. M.
Lebanon, N. M.
Newport
Allegheny
Huntingdon
Ebensburg
Altoona
Lewistown
South Bethlehem
Indiana, S. M.
Indiana, N. M.
Pottsville
Middleburg
Ingleby
Bellefonte
Lewisburg
Clearfield, S. M.
Clearfield, N. M.
Lockhaven
Willianisport, S. M.
Williamsport, N. M.
Erie
Group II
Warren Point
West B. , Yz m. N. of S. W.cor.
Irwin Mill nr. Mercersburg
W^est Bounda^}^ 5 m. north
Two ni. s. of Rock Lick
West Boundary, 12 m. north
McConnelsburg *
Declina-
tion ob-
served
39 56
39 57
3958
3958
39 59
• • • •
40 00
40 01
40 01
40 03
• •
40 03
40 07
40 II
40 II
40 13
• • • •
40 16
• «
40 17
• •
40 18
40 21
40 21
• • >
40 27
40 28
40 29
40 29
40 31
40 36
40 37
40 39
« • • •
40 41
40 48
40 49
40 55
40 56
41 03
• • •
41 09
41 14
• » •
42 09
39 43
39 44
39 47
39 48
39 52
39 54
39 55
77 39
75 12
75 10
IS 23
76 45
• • • •
79 48
79 07
7831
76 18 ,
.. .. I
77 48
74 53 I
75 05 I
80 16
77 12
• • • •
76 53
•
79 35
• • •
75 56
77 27
76 25
• • •
77 07
80 01
78 01
78 44
78 23
77 34
75 23
79 12
• •
76 12
77 00
77 26
77 47
76 52
78 26
77 26
77 02
« • mm
80 05
78 02
80 31
77 56
80 31
80 31
80 31
77 59
900.44
895.70
890.84
854.82
901.79
901.80
862.58
901.89
902.56
901.76
901.77
900.45
846. 52
900.50
901.87
901.87
901.81
901.81
901.78
901.78
901.86
901.86
900.49
900.45
901.77
901. 78
900.45
885.65
900.46
901.85
900.47
900.46
874. 47
901.85
901.86
900.49
901.81
900. 48
901.83
900.48
901.84
901.84
901.83
901.82
901.82
885. 70
899.1
883.5
840.6
785.4
883. 5
883.4
898.4
EorW
o /
4 42. 9 W
7 10. 5 W
6 31.4 W
6 42. 3 W
6 17. 9 W
6 00. 2 W
1 13. 6 W
4 39- 2 W
4 31.5 W
6 16. 2 W
6 07.8 W
4 59. 7 W
4 27. 8 W
7 26. 2 W
3 22. 8 W
3 44. 4 W
5 19. 7 W
5 20. 7 W
6 25.0 W
6 19. 8 W
4 06. 4 W
4 09. 9 W
5 26. o W
4 36. oW
6 34. 7 W
6 30. 2 W
6 02.8 W
2 55.7 w
5 29. oW
4 27. 3 W
5 06.4 W
5 19. 7 W
5 19. 5 W
4 02. o W
3 59. 6 W
6 48. o W
6 05.8 W
6 10. o W
5 53- 8 W
6 15. I W^
4 54. 7 W
5 40. 4 W
6 24. o W
6 48.4 W
6 50. 9 W
3 08.2 W
4 30 W
o 40 W
o 54. 4 W
2 03 E
o 36 W
o 36 W
5 01 W
Declina-
tion in
1902
EorW
o /
4 48W
7 30 W
7 08 W
10 04 W
6 18 W
01 W
52 W
40 W
30 W
17 W
08W
04W
27 W
30 w
23 w
45W
20 W
21 W
26 w
20W
07 w
10 w
30 w
40 w
35 W
31 w
07 W
58 W
33 W
28 W
11 W
24 W
07 w
02 w
00 w
52 w
06W
14 w
54 W
19 W
55 W
41 W
24 W
49 W
51 w
10 W
6
3
4
4
6
6
5
8
7
.3
3
5
5
6
6
4
4
5
4
6
6
6
3
5
4
5
5
7
4
4
6
6
6
5
6
4
5
6
6
6
4
Observer or
authority
4
I
5
2
I
I
5
39 W
51 w
04 W
08 W
47 W
47 W
13 w
Fleming &Dibrell
J. B. Baylor
Do.
J. E. Hilgard
J. W. MiUer
Do.
C. A. Schott
J. W. Miller
Do.
Do.
Do.
Fleming &Dibrell
J. Locke
W. C. Dibrell
J. W. Miller
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
W. C. Dibrell
Fleming & Dibrell
J. W. Miller
Do.
Fleming & Dibrell
J. B. Baylor
Fleming & Dibrell
J. W. Miller
W. C. Dibrell
Fleming & Dibrell
T. C. Hilgard
J. W. Miller
Do.
W. C. Dibrell
J. W. Miller
W. C. Dibrell
J. W. Miller
W. C. Dibrell
J. W. Miller
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
J. B. Baylor
A. S. Winger
F. L. Hoge
A. D. Bache
A. Ellicott
F. L. Hoge
Do.
A. S. Winger
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
221
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States afid outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
PENNSYLVANIA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Gfoup //—Continued
/
/
EorW
f
EorW
/
Chambersburg
39 56
77 39
1901.3
4 55 W
457W
Seven instruments
W. Boundary, abt. i6% m. N.
39 57
80 31
1785. 5
I 30 E
2 42 w
A. EUicott
Milford station
3958
79 07
1895
4 05 W
4 29 W
County survevors
W. Boundary, 19 & 20 m. N .
39 59
80 31
1785- 5
I 18. 8 E
2 53 W
A. Ellicott
Upper Strasburg
40 03
77 41
1892. 2
4 23 W
4 57 W
J.B.Kaufman
Greenfield
40 06
79 52
1874. 6
2 02 W
3 50 W
F. E. Hilgard
West Boundary, 26 m. north
40 06
80 31
1785. 5
I 17.5 E
2 54 W
A. Ellicott
Norristown
40 06
75 20
1892
6 42 W
7 13 W
County surveyor
Hopewell
40 07
78 17
1876. 6
3 II W
4 50 W
Countv surveyors
Norritonville
40 10
75 26
1770. 5
3 08 W
7 34 W
W. Sniith
Rices Hill nr. W. Alexander.
40 10
80 31
1883.4
I II W
2 23 W .
F. L. Hoge
West Boundary, 37 m. north
40 15
80 31
1785. 5
I 07. 5 E
304W
A. Ellicott
Frederick
40 16
75 27
1883. ?
6 00 W
7 07 W
Phil. Water Dept.
Doylestown
40 18
75 10
1901.3
8 00 W
8 02 W
S. F. Long
Green Lane
40 20
75 27
1883. ?
6 03 W
7 10 W
Phil. Water Dept.
Pleasant Run
40 20
75 82
1883. ?
5 51 W
6 58 W
Do.
Johnstown
40 20
78 53
1875. 7
2 20 W
4 03 W
County surveyors
West Boundary, 44 >^ m. N.
40 22
80 31
1883. 4
I 49 w
3 00 W
F. L. Hoge
Plumstedville
40 23
75 08
1883?
6 39 W
746W
Phila. Water Dept.
West Boundary, 47^^ m. N.
40 24
80 31
1785.6
40 E
3 32W
A. Ellicott
Point Pleasant
40 25
75 «5
1883?
6 54 W
8 01 W
Phila. Water Dept.
Cresson
40 28
7838
1895
3 08 W
3 30 W
County surveyor
Holidaysburg
40 28
78 23
1885.8
4 00 W
5 00 W
County surveyors
Pittsburg
40 28
80 01
1887.7
3 01 W
354W
D. Carhart
West Boundary, 51 m. N.
40 28
80 31
1785.6
57.5 E
3 14 W
A. Ellicott
West Boundary, 53 ni. N.
40 29
80 31
1785.6
50 E
3 22 W
Do.
Station
40 29
75 19
1883?
6 34 W
741W
Phila. Water Dept.
West Boundary, 57 m. N.
40 33
80 31
1785.6
I 02. 5 E
3 10 w
A. Ellicott
South Bethlehem
40 36
75 23
1894.7
6 55.4 W
7 19 W
M. Merriman
AUentown
40 36
75 28
1878. 2
505 w
6 35 W
County sur\'eyors
Leechburg
40 39
79 38
1896
3 15 W
335W
County surveyor
Tyrone
40 40
78 i6
1879. 2
348 w
5 15 W
W. G. Waring
West Boundary, Beaver Co.
40 40
8031
1878. 6
I 22 w
2 53 W
County surveyors
Easton
40 42
75 15
1841.6
3 38. W
757W
A. D. Bache "
West Boundary
40 43
80 31
1879. 8
I 31 w
2 57 W
Bndy. Com., 1878
Beaver
40 44
80 19
1883. 7
I /|? w
2 52 W
County surveyors
West Boundary
40 45
80 31
1879. 8
I 39 W
305W
Bndy. Com., 1878
Do.
40 49
80 31
1879. 4
I 54 W
3 20 W
Do.
Sunbury
40 52
76 50
1884. 5
5 10 W
6 13 W
County survevors
West Boundary, 79 m. N.
40 52
80 31
1785. 7
17.5 E
354W
A. Ellicott
Millheim
40 53
77 32
1893
5 40 W
6 10 W
County surveyor
B. F. Hilliard
Butler
40 54
79 50
1885.8
2 03 W
304W
Portland
40 55
75 06
1887.8
7 05 W
7 54 W
G. H. Cook
Lewisburg
40 56
76 52
1901
6 20 W
6 22 W
W. G. Owens
Catawissa
40 57
76 32
1901.0
6 59 W
7 02 W
W. G. Yetter
Curwensville
40 58
7836
1841.6
I 45- I W
5 52 W
A. D. Bache
Mahoningtown
40 59
80 26
1894. 5
2 34 W
3 01 W
G. B. Zahniser
Water Gap House
40 59
75 08
1887.8
6 36 W
7 25 W
G. H. Cook
Mountain Home
41 00
75 30
1883.8
7 00 W
8 06W
County surveyors
Newcastle
41 01
80 23
1894. 3
I 24 w
I 52 w
G. B. Zahniser
West Boundary, 90 m. N.
41 01
8031
1785.8
19. 5 E
353W
A. Ellicott
Morrisdale
41 02
78 08
1870. 8
2 42 w
447W
County surveyors
West Boundary
41 07
80 31
1879.5
I 47 W
3 14 W
Bndy. Com., 1878
Brookville
41 10
79 07
1895.
3 54 W
4 19 w
J. B. Caldwell
Dingman
41 13
74 52
1884. 8
6 13 W
7 15 W
G. H. Cook
222
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed ifi the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, 1902 — Continued.
PENNSYLVANIA— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
West Boundary
Clarion
Mercer
Sharpsville
West Boundary
Milford
H^ner Run
Ridgway
Cameron County
Johnsonburg
Tionesta
Honesdale
Meadville
Towanda
Montrose
Warren
Bloomfield
Niles Valley
Silver Lake
West B., N. terminal mon.
Little Meadows, N. Y. line
N. Y. line, Bradford Co.
Burt, N. Y. line
N. Y. line, W. of 90 m. st.
N. Y. line, Tioga County
N.Y. line, n'r m. st. 167 & 168
Monument, N. Y. line
N. Y. M. B. m. St. 18 & Clark
North Springfield
N. Y. M.B., m.st. 16 & 17
Avonia
N. Y. M. B. m. St. 13, 14, & 15
Fairview
N. Y. M. B. m. St. 10, 11, & 12
N. Y. M. B. m. St. 7, 8, & 9
N. Y. M. B. ni. St. 4, 5, & 6
N. Y. M. B. m. St. 3
North East
N. Y. M. B. St. at Lake Erie '
Lati- , Longi-
tude I tude
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
13
14
14
17
17
21
21
26
27
29
30
35
39
45
49
50
50
50
57
58
42 00
42 00
42 (X>
42 00
42 00
42 00
42 00
42 00
42 00
42 02
42 03
42 04
42 05
42 06
42 08
42 II
42 13
42 15
42 16
80 31
79 24
80 16
80 27
80 31
74 48
77 48
7843
78 12
78 41
79 31
75 17
80 09
76 31
75 56
79 12
79 50
77 21
76 02
80 31
76 08
76 30
76 44
77 08
77 12
7838
78 42
79 46
80 29
79 46
80 18
79 46
80 16
79 46
79 46
79 46
79 46
79 50
79 46
Date of
observa-
tion
879.5
876.5
854.0
874.6
878.5
896
856.5
901.0
883.9
899.0
895
900. 2
884.8
895
895
896
883.8
893
841.6
878.5
883.7
877.5
882.7
877.7
876.5
879.5
799.5
885.1
875.8
885.6
875.8
885.6
838.5
885.6
885.6
885.6
885.6
875.7
869.7
Declina-
tion ob-
served
EorW
o /
1 47
2 20
55
1 00
I
7
3
5
4
5
3
8
3
7
7
4
3
6
4
2
7
5
6
5
5
4
I
42
55
19
22
30
19
45
14
08
35
58
57
15
05
30.
44
28
32
04
15
26
01.
00
3 24.
3 <>3
3 23.
2 02
3 32.
o. 00
3 28.
35.
42.
46.
54
35
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
w
w
w
. w
w
w
w
w
w
2 W
w
w
w
w
w
w
5W
w
5W
w
3W
w
8W
w
w
w
w
w
w
' Declina-
I tion in
I
1902
Observer or
authority
Ear IV
o /
3 14W
4 ooW
4 06W
2 48 W
3 13W
8 12 W
6 26W
5 25 W
5 38W
5 28 W
4 09 W
8 19W
4 13W
7 56 W
8 19W
5 17 W
4 24 W
6 36 W
8 49W
4 15 W
8 34 W
7 05 W
7 14 W
6 48 W
7 08 W
5 27 W
5 38W
4 29 W
4 46 w
4 25W
345W
4 35 W
4 02 W
4 31 W
4 38 W
4 44 W
4 48 W
4 37W
4 43 W
Bndy. Com., 1878
County surveyors
Do.
F. E. Hilgard
Bndy. Com., 1878
County surveyor
S. Tyndale
A. B. Little
County surveyors
A. B. LitUe
County surveyor
L. S. Collins
Coimty surveyors
County surveyor
Do.
Do.
County surveyors
County surveyor
A. D. Bache
Bndy. Com., 1878
H. W. Clarke
County surveyors
H. W.Clarke
Do.
County surveyor
H. W. Clarke
B. Kllicott
H. W. Clarke
J. Eisenmann
H. W.Clarke
F. M. Towar
H. W. Clarke
H . H. Sherwood
H. W. Clarke
Do.
Do.
Do.
J. Eisenmann
C. H. F. Peters
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
Group I
Dumaguete, Negros
Maasin, Leyte
Ormoc, Leyte
Tacloban, Leyte
Batangas, Luzon
Balayan, Luzon
Subig, Luzon
Iba, Luzon
Santa Cruz, Luzon
/
9 19
10
09 ;
II
00 '
II
14
13 45
13
56
14 53
15
20
15
46
East
o /
123 16
124 49
124 33
124 59
121 03
120 44
120 14
119 57
119 54
I
I90I
.85
I90I.
74
I90I
.53
I90I
.64
I90I
35
I90I
•39
I90I
■23
I90I
.25
I90I
29
East
o /
I
I
I
o
o
o
o
o
o
26.4
20.4
18.7
58.4
50.5
53.7
59.2
47.4
45.5
East
o /
26
21
19
59
51
54
00
48
46
I
I
I
o
o
o
I
o
o
H.C.Mitchell
Do.
Do.
Do.
H. W. Rhodes
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
223
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, ipo2 — Continued.
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Group /—Continued
Sua], Luzon
San Fernando del Union, L'n
Candon, Luzon
Vigan, Luzon
Currimao, Luzon
Aparri, Luzon
Group II
Jolo
Santa Cruz, Mindanao
Zamboanga, Mindanao
Mati, Mindanao
San Jose, Samal
Davao, Mindanao
Caraga, Mindanao
Tagc^oan, Mindanao
Dapitan, Mindanao
Tandag, Mindanao
M'imbajao
Duniaguete, Nepros
Cantilan, Mindanao
Pto. Princesa, Palawan
Surigao, Mindanao
Cebu (Zebu)
Iloilo, Panay
Tacloban, Leyte
Catbalogan, Samar
Romblon
Tabaco, Luzon
Na. Caceres, Luzon
Atimonan, Luzon
Tayabas, Luzon
Daet, Luzon
Manila, Luzon
San Isidro, Luzon
Co. Bolinao, Luzon
Bayombong, Luzon
Vigan, Luzon
Tuguegaras. Luzon
Laoag, Luzon
Aparri, Luzon
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
04
50
54
56
57
01
15
833
8 40
9 02
16
19
20
44
48
18
42
14
47
35
22
37
01
02
04
35
23
21
30
34
35
T ^««: I JMa of
^X" obser^^a-
*"^^ tion
16 04
16 37
17 12
17 34
18 01
18 22
East
o /
120 06
120 18
120 26
120 23
120 29
121 37
I
8 13
8 22
120 59
125 26
I
I
122 03 I
126 14 I
125 42 I
125 35 I
126 30 I
124 40 I
123 23 I
126 10 I
124 44 I
123 16 ! I
125 59 I
118 43 I
125 29 I
123 54 I
122 35 I
124 59 I
124 52 I
122 16 I
123 43 I
123 17 I
121 54 I
121 35 I
122 56 1 I
120 59
I
120 53
I
119 45 I
121 09 , I
120 22 , I
121 37 I
120 35 I
121 35
I
1901.08
1901.27
I90I.3I
I90I. II
1901.24
I90I. 18
1888.31
1888.38
1888.30
1888.41
1888.39
1888.34
1888.44
1892. 40
1892. 43
1888.48
1892. 39
1892. 50
1888. 49
1888. 27
1888.50
1892. 37
1892. 50
1892. 38
1892.38
1892. 37
1890. "47
1890.54
1890.56
1890.57
1890.50
1896.5
1890. 62
1890.76
1890.64
1890.73
1890.69
1890.71
1890.70
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
o /
o 54.2
o 37.4
o 23.6
o 20.8
o II. 6
o 10.3
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
o
I
I
I
2
I
I
10.9
28.7
57-7
08.3
25.9
34.8
22. 7
32.3
17.8
02.8
50-0
24.5
10.5
30-9
00.4
19.0
16.3
ao 04.8
I 06.6
o 57.6
o 38.9
o 52.2
o 49.0
o 36.6
o 34.4
Si.o
53.6
52.7
34.0
30- 2
09.6
17.5
05.6
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
O
O
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
55
38
24
21
12
II
18
35
05
15
34
41
28
38
21
08
54
27
16
39
09
24
22
52
12
02
44
58
55
40
39
54
59
59
40
37
16
23
12
Observer or
authority
F. W. Edmonds
H. C. Mitchell
Do.
H. W. Rhodes
H.C.Mitchell
Do.
Martin Juan
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Ricardo Cirera
Do.
Martin Juan
Ricardo Cirera
Do.
^[artin Juan
Do.
Do.
Ricardo Cirera
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
T. Joveilanos
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do,
Observatory
T. Joveilanos
. Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
PORTO RICO
Group I
Point Viento (2)
Corazon
Ponce
Santa Helena
17 58
18 CXD
18 01
18 02
65 59
66 05
66 36
65 52
1901.24
1901.23
1901.44
1901. 32
Eor JV
o /
I 06 W
o 48 W
o 50. 8 W
o 12 E
EorW
o /
I 08 W
o 50 W
o 52 W
o II E'
J. E. McGrath
Do.
W. C. Dibrell
J. E. McGrath
n This is probably a misprint in "El Mas^netismo Terrcstre en Filipinos.
224
MAGNETIC DECUNATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed iii the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
PORTO RICO— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa- 1
tion
1
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
E or W
/
Observer or
authority
Group /—Continued
,
/
1
1
1
EorW
/
Aibonita
18 08
66 16
1901.46 1
I 33. 1 w
I 34 W
W. C. Dibrell
Vieques Island
18 08
65 27
1901.38
I II. oW
I 12 W
Do.
Lima
18 II
65 42
1901.34
53 W
54 W
J. E. McGrath
Mesa
18 IT
67 06
1901. 12
10 33 w
10 35 W
Do.
Culebra
18 19
65 17
1901.43
I 05. 8 W
I 07 \V
W. C. Dibrell
Atalaya
18 19
67 12
1901.08
45 w
47 w
J. E. McGrath
La Punta
18 22
67 15
1901.13
I 02 W
I 04 \V
Do.
Cruz
18 23
65 43
1902. 25
I 37 w
I 36 w
E. E. Torrev
Aguadilla
18 26
67 09
1901.45
I 00 w
I 01 W
0. W. Ferguson
Loiza
18 26
65 53
1902. 14
I 32 w
I 32 W
W. C. Dibrell
Baja
18 26
66 24
1901. 17
45 W
47 W
J. Nelson
Club
18 28
66 04
1902.08
1 25 w
I 25 w
\V. C. Dibrell
San Juan
18 28
66 08
1901-25
I 02. 6 W
I 04 w
Do.
Fraile
18 29
66 16
1901. 14
I 22 W
I 24 w
J. Nelson
Amador
18 30
66 51 ;
1901-35
I 13 w
I 14 w
B. E. Tilton
Point Caracoles
18 30
66 40
1901-31
I 25 W
I 26 W
0. \V. Ferguson
RHODE ISLAND
Group I
Watch Hill
Point Judith
Boston Neck
McSparran
Newport
Spencer
Providence
Beaconpole
Group II
Sakonnet River
Newport
41 19
41 22
41 27
41 30
41 30
41 41
41 50
42 00
41 27
41 28
71 51
71 29
71 26
71 27
71 20
71 30
71 24
71 27
71 12
71 20
1847. 72
1847. 68
1899.60
1899.65
1896.47
1844. 62
1895. 63
1844.86
1775- 5
1832. 5
7
8
II
II
II
9
II
9
West
33-4
59-7
38.4
51-6
27.9
05.9
35.2
27.0
6 00
8 12
West
o /
10 36
12 02
II 42
11 55
11 39
12 22
11 48
12 41
II
12
42
16
R. H. Fauntlerov
Do.
D. L. Hazard
Do.
G. R. Putnam
T.J.Lee
J. B. Bavlor
T.J.Lee
A. S. Wadsworth
SOUTH CAROLINA
Group I
Graham, Hilton Head I.
Port Royal
Woods
Beaufort
Bay Point
Edisto Island, East Base
Sullivan I., Breach Inlet
Live Oak
Allston
Aiken
Columbia
32 13
80 46
32 r8
80 38
32 23
80 41
32 26
80 40
32 30
80 21
32 33
80 14
32 46
• 79 49
33 03
79 31
33 22
79 17
33 32
81 43
34 00
81 02
1870. 20
1859.09
1902. 27
1875. 37
1902. 25
1850. 26
1902. 35
1902.34
1853-98
1885.97
1900.22
Eor W
I
3
o
I
I
2
o
o
2
I
o
55.
04.
26.
58.
38.
53-
32-
30.
06.
27-
12.
E
E
E
E
W
E
W
W
E
E
E
E or W
o /
02 E
C. 0. Boutelle
30E
Do.
27 E
0. B. French
25 E
C. 0. Boutelle
I 38 w
0. B. French
II W
G. Davidson
32 W
0. B. French
30 w
Do.
45 W
C. 0. Boutelle
33E
J. B. Bavlor
07 E
D. L. Hazard
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES,
225
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
SOUTH CAROLINA-Continued
Station
Group /—Continued
Florence
Marion
Green
Baker
Pelbam
Greers
Spartanburg
Flint Rock
Gold Mine
Gowensville
Talent
Block House
Group II
Beaufort
Robertsville
Yemassee
Mc Pherson ville
Charleston, 5 miles NW,
Blackville
North Augusta
Edgefield
Florence
Lang Place, Kershaw Co.
Marlboro County
Clemson College
Chester
Union
Pacolet
Lati-
tude
34 09
34 09
34 49
34 51
34 52
34 57
3458
34 59
35 02
35 07
35 09
35 12
32 26
32 36
32 40
32 45
32 50
33 2
33 3
33 50
34 09
34 20
Longi-
tude
• • «
34 40
34 41
34 43
34 51
Date of
observa-
tion
79 43
79 24
82 14
82 13
82 13
82 13
81 56
82 13
82 13
82 13
82 13
82 13
80 40 '
81 12
80 48 ;
80 50 '
80 CO
81 15
81 58
81 55
79 43 ;
80 40 I
• • • I
82 50 !
81 14
81 36
81 45
1891.34
1891.35
1896.94
1896.94
1896.90
1896.90
1896.90 i
1896.91 I
1896.92 >
1896.89
1896.93
1896.88
1901.3
1843. 5
1901.3
1901-3
1901.3
1901.3
1901.3
1901-3
1894.6
1901.4
1895
1901
1894
1901.5
1886.4
Declina-
tion ob-
served
EorW
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
00.
22.
15-
09.
17.
06.
04.
03.
25.
o 33.
o 05.
o 16.
o
3
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
2
o
o
I
W
W
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
30
25
o.
01
39
14
42
18
14
19
30
00
30
20
15
E
E
E
E
W
E
E
E
W
W
W
W
E
E
Declina-
tion in
1902
EorW
o /
o 36 W
057W
o 00
o 06 W
o 02 E
10 W
12 W
13 W
10 E
17 E
11 W
01 E
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o 28E
o 01 E
o 01 W
o 01 W
o 41 W
o 12 E
40 E
16 E
38 W
21 VV
51 w
02 W
54 W
18 E
23 E
o
o
o
o
2
o
o
o
o
Observer or
authority
J. B. Baylor
Do.
W. C. Hodgkins
Do.
Do.
. Do.
' Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
George Gage
W. T. Feay
E. W. Screven
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
J. W. Brunson
E. W. Screven
County surveyor
Students
County surveyor
E. W. Screven
G. E. Ladshaw
SOUTH DAKOTA
Group I
/
Yankton
42 53
Sioux Palls
43 33
Mitchell
43 42
Huron
44 21
Pierre
44 22
Redfield
44 53
Watertown
44 55
Gettysburg
45 02
Aberdeen
45 28
Group II
Union County
• •
Clay County
• • •
Yankton
45 53
Yankton County
• • •
Bonhonime County
« • • •
Shannon County
•
97 25
96 44
98 01
98 14
100 22
9831
97 06
99 58
98 29
97 25
1896.38
IQ00.66
i»9b.39
1900.67
1896.40
1900.67
X900. 68
1900.68
1896.41
1864
1862
1896
1864
1868
1889
East
East
/
/
II
10.7
10
49
II
24.8
II
19
II
40.3
II
19
II
08.2
II
03
12
44.4
12
24
12
58.0
12
53
10
02.3
9 57
12
59.8
12
55
12
17.8
II
56
12
04
10
00
12
44
10
36
II
26
11
05
12
16
10
22
13
23
II
30
15
13
14 32 1
R. L. Paris
J. W. Miller
R. L. Paris
J. W. Miller
R. L. Paris
J. W. Miller
Do.
Do.
R. L. Paris
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 11 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 5 stations
27478—02 15
226
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, igo2 — Continued.
SOUTH DAKOTA— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Lugenbeel County
Gregory County
Tripp County
Lincoln County
Turner County
Fall River County
South Cheyenne River
Charles Mix County
Meyer County
Hutchinson County
Douglas County
Washabaugh County
Washington County
Sioux Falls
Minnehaha County
McCook County
Hanson County
Davison County
Custer County
Custer
White River
French Creek
Lyman County
Aurora County
Brule County
Chamberlain
Presho County
Jackson County
Pratt County
Hill
Spring Creek
Pennington County
Moody County
Lake County
Miner County
Sanborn County
Ziebach County
Buffalo County
Jerauld County
Wessington
Cold Springs
Nowlin County
Meade County
Brookings
Brookings County
Kingsbury County
Beadle County
Hughes County
Stanley County
Fort Pierre
Lawrence County
Oak Grove
Spe'arfish
Hyde County
Hand County
Lati-
tude
o /
43 18
43 33
43 45
43 45
43 46
43 48
43 56
43 57
44 06
44 09
• •
• •
44 18
•
44 25
• • • •
44 27
44 30
Longi-
tude
o /
103 50
96 40
103 34
99 45
103 34
99 20
103 33
103 12
98 32
104 02
96 45
100 24
• • • •
103 36
103 50
• • • «
Date of
observa-
tion
893
892
893
863
867
887
877.8
872
892
866
869
892
890
900.8
865
870
870
872
883
896
860.5
877.8
889
873
881
896
1886
890
890
895
877.8
883
867
872
877
873
890
872
875
895
877.6
890
884
901.2
871
874
877
882
890
860.0
881
877.8
885
881
882
Declina-
tion ob-
served
3
2
3
2
2
5
5
3
3
2
4
4
4
o
2
2
2
3
5
5
4
5
3
4
4
2
3
4
3
5
6
5
2
2
2
3
4
3
3
2
5
4
5
o
2
2
3
4
3
4
6
6
6
3
3
East
55
55
00
50
34
19
30.3
47
06
30
33
14
44
10
06
25
56
31
21
30
50
21.5
18
14
05
43
25
00
47
15
21.5
19
37
18
37
43
51
41
24
45
41.3
10
38
55
34
44
14
44
12
45
10
03.7
oo
28
28
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
I
4
5
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
5
4
o
o
I
2
I
2
4
3
27
19
30
44
40
35
25
08
32
38
46
42
06
05
o 05
35
1 10
52
27
12
00
4 15
33
37
52
23
32
20
06
55
12
23
40
35
10
05
13
03
53
20
40
32
3 48
o 52
45
1 06
35
38
31
55
12
00
13
19
20
Observer or
authority
Mean, 7 stations
Mean, 10 stations
Do.
Mean, 14 stations
Mean, 18 stations
Mean, 35 stations
W. S. Stanton
Mean, 17 stations
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 9 stations
Mean, 3 stations
I station
Mean, to stations
S. B. Howe
Mean, 23 stations
Mean, 16 stations
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 2 stations
Mean, 16 stations
County surveyor
W. F. Raynolds
W. S. Stanton
Mean, 24 stations
Mean, 5 stations
Mean, 12 stations
County surveyor
Mean, 30 stations
Mean, 14 stations
Mean, 30 stations
County surveyor
W. S. Stanton
Mean, 25 stations
Mean, 20 stations
Mean, 11 stations
Do.
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 18 stations
Mean, 10 stations
Do.
County silrveyor
W. S. Stanton
Mean, 32 stations
Do.
A.B.Crane
Mean, 20 stations
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 19 stations
Mean, 27 stations
Mean, 40 stations
W. F. Raynolds
Mean, 5 stations
W. S. Stanton
County surveyor
Mean, 22 stations
Mean, 40 stations
MAGNETIC DECUNATION IN UNITED STATES.
227
Table of the most recent magnetic declinatums observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, ipo2 — Continued.
SOUTH DAKOTA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Lonei-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //^—Continued
/
/
•
East
/
East
/
Sterling County
• ••• •••■
1
1890
14 39
14 00
Mean, 26 stations
Scobey County
« •■! •• ••
1890
15 II
14 33
Mean, 28 stations
Cheyenne River
44 35
loi 25
1859. 5
14 30
12 55
W. F. Raynolds
Red Earth Creek
44 35
103 54
1859.5
17 00
15 40
Do.
Belle Fourche
44 40 103 50
1901.0
15 15
15 12
H. E. Thompson
Hamlin County
■■• ••••
1874
12 31
10 55
Mean, 8 stations
Camp on St. Peters River
44 41 ! 97 00
1823. 5
12 21
• • • •
S. H. Long
Deuel County
• • •
1877
12 34
II 03
Mean, 23 stations
Sully County
1
1882
14 37
13 31
Mean, 33 stations
Pratt County
, ••■• ■••
1890
14 23
13 43
Mean, 6 stations
Delano County
. . . . , ...
1891
1508
14 30
Mean, 10 stations
Clark County
> 1
«. .. ... .
1S76
13 26
II 58
Mean, 11 stations
Butte County
k • • •
I89I
15 44
15 12
Mean, 73 stations
Spink County
• «
1878
13 41
12 18
Mean, 17 stations
Codington County
« • •
• i 1874
13 10
II 32
Mean, 11 stations
Faulk County
• •
. 1883
13 45
12 40
Mean, 28 stations
Potter County
• • •
. ! 1883
13 55
12 50
Mean, 27 stations
Grant County
• •
1875
12 25
10 48
Mean, 22 stations
Choteau County
• •
1892
15 24
14 52
Mean, 20 stations
Rinehart County
« •
1892
15 25
14 53
Mean, 16 stations
Little Moreau Rivei
45 18
]
roi
2
1860.5
16 30
14 55
W. F. Raynolds
Day County
• •
1879
13 29
12 08
Mean, 21 stations
Walworth County
• • •
1883
14 05
13 00
Mean, 27 stations
Edmunds County
• •
. 1883
1356
12 50
Mean, 32 stations
Harding County
• • •
1891
15 54
15 24
Mean, 21 stations
Brown County
• •
1881
14 08
12 54
Mean, 35 stations
Roberts County
« • •
1876
12 53
II 20
Mean, 24 stations
Columbia Fm* Co., fort
45 39
96 3
4 1823. 5
12 29
•
S. H. Long
Marshall County
• •
1881
1238
II 24
Mean, 30 stations
McPherson County
• • •
1884
14 22
13 20
Mean, 32 stations
Campbell County
•
1884
14 35
-13 35
Mean, 25 stations
Wagner County '
• «
1892
15 45
15 13
Mean, 9 stations
Martin County
a
1893
15 44
15 16
Mean, 19 stations
Ewing County
« • • •
1893
15 47
15 22
Mean, 4 stations
TENNESSEE
Group I
Chattanooga
Grand Junction
Memphis
Pulaski
Tullahoma
Clifton
Athens
Columbia
Jackson
Murfreesboro
Knoxville
Johnsonville
Big Butt
/
35
01
35 05
35 08
35
13
35
22
35
23
35
27
35 37
35 39
35 53
35 57
36 04
36 04
85 18
89 13
90 04
87 03
86 13
88 01
8437
87 04
88 51
86 25
8356
88 00
82 38
1900.44
1881.69
1901.15
1881.65
1881.59
1865. 18
1881.55
1881.63
1881.71
1881.61
1900.45
1865. 19
1893.8
EorW
o /
I 26. 3 E
5 58.9 E
5 26. 7 E
5 01.5 E
3 30.9 E
5 48 E
I 44-2 E
4 35.5 E
5 49.8 E
4 53.5 E
o 00. 2 W
5 50 E
o 39. o E
EorlV
o /
I
4
5
3
2
3
o
3
4
3
o
3
o
21 E
45 E
24 E
47 E
17 E
40E
30 E
21 E
36 E
40 E
06 W
42 E
12 E
D. L. Hazard
J. B. Baylor
W. Weinrich
J. B. Baylor
Do.
A. T. Mosman
J. B. Baylor
Do.
Do.
Do.
D. L. Hazard
A. T. Mosman
A. H. Buchanan
228
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, 1^02 — Continued.
TENNESSEE— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Group I — Continued
Rutherford
Nashville
Lebanon, North Base
Careyville
Fort Henry
Group II
Polk County, Ga., Line
Lincoln County
Bradley County
Cleveland
Sewanee
Mouth of Okoee River
Lone Savannah
Candy Creek, mouth
Montezuma
Coffee County
Lewis County
Madisonville
Haywood County
Brownsville
Ninemile Creek, Lit.Tenn.R.
Perrysville
Coytee Landing
Loudon
Cope
Sevierville
Clinch R., White Oak Crk.
Clinch River, Knox-Roane
county line
Pigeon River, mouth
Newport
Caswell Station
Knox County
Holston River, mouth
Catletts Ferry
Clinch River, Knox-Ander-
son county line
Dandridge Ferry
Sehorn Creek, mouth
French Br'd R.,So.R7.brdg.
Clinch R. , So. Ry . bridge
New^market
Hinds Creek, mouth
Gleason
Edgefield
Cane Creek, mouth
Lake County
Reelfoot
Powell River, mouth
Hitches Ferry, Clinch R.
Dodson Creek, mouth
Clinch River, r >^ miles be-
low Black Fox Creek
36 09
36 09
36 13
36 18
36 30
35 00
35 10
35 12
35 13
35 14
35 20
35 22
35 31
• • • •
35 34
35 36
35 38
35 43
35 45
35 48
35 52
35 54
35 56
35 57
35 57
• • • «
35 58
35 58
35 59
36 01
36 02
36 05
3608
36 09
36 12
36 12
36 15
36 15
• • •
36 17
36 18
• «
36 20
36 22
Longi-
tude
89 CI
86 48
86 18
84 13
88 04
84 52
85 54
84 39
84 59
84 50
88 42
84 21
• • * •
89 16
84 12
8803
84 15
84 20
85 45
83 32
• • • •
84 16
83 35
83 13
8350
• • • •
83 51
83 31
84 10
83 25
83 20
83 15
84 08
8336
84 09
88 38
86 46
84 06
89 28
84 01
•
83 45
83 41
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
1881.72
1888.60
1898.23
1900.46
1865. 19
901.2
895
895
875.5
900.7
899.8
895
899.9
895
901
895
895
895
901. 2
899.8
895
899.8
900
900?
899.6
899.5
899.5
899.6
901.2
901.2
895
899.6
899.6
899.5
899.6
899.6
899.5
899.5
900. 1
899.5
895
871.9
899.5
901.2
895
899.5
899.5
899.4
899.4
EorW
o /
5 59.6 E
4 31.0 E
3 56.5 E
o II. 2 E
6 24 E
2
3
2
3
2
I
2
00
56
35
30
55
41
00
I 10
3
2
3
o
4
4
o
4
o
o
45
32
48
15
55
15
45
24
15
00
1 50
30
2 04
1 30
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
25
00
15
45
16
23
00
o 14
o 26
o 20
o 24
o 45
o
4
5
o
3
3
I
I
o
o
35
20
02
40
45
30
56
04
30
00
E
E
E
6E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
EorW
o /
4
3
3
o
4
46 E
43 E
43 E
06E
16 E
Observer or
authority
1 57 E
3 33E
2 12 E
1 54 E
2 50 E
I 33 E
I 37 E
1 03 E
3 22 E
2 29 E
3 25E
o 08 W
4 32E
4 12 E
o 37E
4 01 E
o 07 E
05 W
1 45 E
22 E
1 55 E
I 21 E
o 17 E
o 03 W
o 12 E
o 22 E
o 08E
o 15E
o 09 W
o 06 E
o 18 E
o II E
o 15 E
o 38E
o 26 E
3 57E
3 14E
31 E
3 42E
3 07 E
1 47 E
o 55 E
o 21 E
o 09 W
J. B. Baylor
Do.
A. H. Buchanan
D. L. Hazard
A. T. Mosman
J. L. Williams
County surveyor
Do.
F. E. Hilgard
S. M. Barton
G. W. Metcalfe
County surveyor
G. W. Metcalfe
County surveyor
Logan Darnell
County survevor
Do.
Do.
J.D. Anthonv
G. W. Metcalfe
County surveyor
G. W. Metcalfe
J. CM. Bogle
C. C. Benefield
H. S. Bosler
Do.
Do.
Do.
C. B. McNabb
R. A. J. Ai mstrong
Countv surveyor
H.S. Bosler
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
G. W. Metcalfe
H.S. Bosler
County surveyor
T. C. Hilgard
H. S. Bosler
Walter Smith
County surveyor
H.S. Bosler
Do.
Do.
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
229
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United Stales and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
TENNESSEE -Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group II — Continued
/
/
Eor W
/
Eor W
/
Clinch R. , So. Ry. bridge
36 22
8333
1899.4
034 w
043 w
H. S. Bosler
Galbreath Spring
36 22
83 10
1900.0
27 E
20 E
G. W. Metcalfe
Jackson County
• • •
• • • •
1859
5 37 E
307E
Boundary survey
Overton County
• « • •
• « • •
•
• » •
2 48E
Mean, 3 stations
Livingston
36 23
85 20
1892
3 30 E
2 57E
County surveyor
Pleasant Shade
36 23
8558
1896
5 08 E
4 49E
Do.
Rogersville
36 25
83 03
1873. 6
I 49- E
0-05 E
F. E. Hilgard
Cressy Creek, mouth
36 28
82 46
1899.9
19 W
26 W
G. W. Metcalfe
Bluff City
36 28
82 16
1895
15 E
08 W
County surveyor
Sumner County
• • • •
• • •
1895
4 00 E
3 37E
Do.
Obion County
•
• • •
1859
6 17 E
3 52E
Boundary survey
Near Cumberland Gap
36 30
8355
1890.6
05. 7 W
46 W
0. A. Landreth
Henry County
• • • •
* « •
• • •
• a *
5 08E
Boundary survey
Claiborne County
* • •
« • •
1859
4 10 E
I 35E
Do.
Macon County
• • • •
• « •
1859
6 24 E
3 54. E
Do. ^
Robertson County
• • • •
• • • *
1859
7 20 E
4 50E
Do.
Stewart County
• • •
• •
1859
6 48 E
4 18E
Do.
^
PEXAS
Group I
/
/
East
/
East
/
Mouth of Rio Grande
25 57
97 09
1853. 85
9 00.9
7 12
W. H. Emory
Pena
27 19
9839
1890.08
8 30.7
7 52
J. B. Baylor
Laredo, Fort Mcintosh
27 30
99 31
1895. 33
8 34.6
8 14
E. Smith
Laredo
27 32
99 31
1890. 10
847.7
8 12
J. B. Baylor
San Diego
27 46
98 II
1890.08
8 24.1
7 45
Do.
Corpus Christi
27 48
97 23
1890.05
8 25.2
7 46
Do.
Beeville
28 23
97 41
1890.06
857.0
8 18
Do.
CotuUa
28 27
99 14
1901.98
8 42.4
8 42
E. D. Preston
Carrizo Springs
28 30
99 5'
1902.00
9 44.6
9 45
Do.
Port Lavaca
2837
96 37
1890. 16
8 04.5
7 25
J. B. Baylor
Eagle Pass
2844
100 30
1901.99
9 19.5
9 19
E. D. Preston
Victoria
28 48
97 00
1901.72
8 49.2
8 49
J. M. Kuehne
Karnes City
28 53
97 54
1901.74
8 28.0
8 27
Do.
Pearsall
28 55
99 09
1901.97
8 17.2
8 17
E. D. Preston
Jupiter
Eana
2855
95 21
1853.36
9 08.7
7 20
G. W. Dean
28 58
96 40
1901.72
8 12.6
8 12
J. M. Kuehne
Cuero
29 06
97 17
1901.69
8 14.8
8 14
Do.
Lindenau
29 08
97 22
1901.72
8 13.0
8 12
Do.
Columbia
29 10
95 35
1890. 27
7 37.3
659
J. B. Baylor
Spoiford
29 II
100 25
1890. 14
9 13.9
838
Do.
Uvalde
29 13
99 48
1901.85
•9 38. 6
9 39
E. D. Preston
Galveston I., East Base
29 13
94 56
1853. 21
9 05.0
7 16
G. W. Dean
Galveston
29 18
94 47
1895. 44
7 19.3
6 58
E. Smith
Wharton
29 18
96 04
1890. 19
8 19.6
7 41
J. B. Baylor
Hondo
29 19
99 05
1901.83
8 33.4
833
E. D. Preston
Brackettville
29 19
100 25
1901.87
9 09.5
9 09
Do.
Del Rio, S. M.
29 22
100 52
1901.89
9 48.3
9 48
Do.
Del Rio, N. M.
• •
• • • •
1901.89
9 24.3
9 24
Do.
Dollar Point
29 26
94 53
1878. 41
8 17.3
7 07
J. B. Baylor
Hallettsville
29 27
96 57
1901.71 .
8 26.9
8 26
J. M. Kuehne
230
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the mo^t recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
TEXAS— Continued
Station
Group /—Continued
San Antonio, mag. obsy.
Hillside Ranch, mag. obsy.
Gonzales
Houston
Bandera
Langtry
La Grange
Kerrville
Rock Springs
Orange
Liberty
Beaumont
Hempstead
Sanderson
Marathon
Fredericksburg
Austin
Marfa
Alpine
Junction City
Sonora
Valentine
Ozona
Llano
Mason
Eldorado
Menardville
Lampasas
Kent
Belton
Brady
Sierra Blanca
San Saba
Sherwood
Pecos, S. M.
Pecos, N. M.
San Angelo
San Angelo, N. M.
Paint Rock
Groesbeck
Ballinger
El Paso
Boundary
Guadalupe
Coleman
Sterling City
Garden City
Robert Lee
Stephenville
Big Springs
Colorado, station of 1900
Colorado, S. M.
Cisco
Kaufman
Mineola
Lati-
tude
/
29 27
29 29
29 30
29 42
29 44
29 48
29 53
30 01
30 01
30 03
30 04
30 P5
30 08
30 09
30 14
30 15
30 15
30 19
30 22
30 29
30 35
30 35
30 43
30 44
30 45
30 52
30 54
31 01
31 04
31 04
31 08
31 10
31 II
31 17
31 26
• • •
31 28
• • • •
31 30
31 32
31 45
31 46
31 47
31 49
31 50
31 51
31 52
31 54
32 13
32 15
32 23
• • •
32 23
32 35
32 40
Lonri-
tude
98 28
98 32
97 26
95 20
99 05
loi 35
96 53
99 08
100 12
93 43
94 50
94 05
96 10
102 26
103 16
9853
97 45
104 01
103 40
99 53
100 40
104 30
loi 13
9841
99 14
100 39
99 51
98 II
104 14
97 28
99 21
105 18
9843
100 48
103 33
• • •
100 26
a
99 55
96 31
9958
106 29
106 31
103 55
99 25
loi 00
loi 29
100 29
98 12
loi 28
100 52
• • •
9856
96 19
95.26
Date of !
observa- '
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
892
895
901
890
901
890
890
901
901
890
890
890.
878
890
902
901
901
902
902
901
901
902
901
901
901
901
901
901
902
901
901
888
901
901
901
901
901
901
901
901
892
902
901
901
901
901
901
901
901
901
888
901
888,
33
07
70
25
47
14
23
47
49
29
28
29
48
12
02
47
36
04
00
51
54
06
54
45
46
53
52
35
06
34
44
93
45
55
90
90
56
60
41
33
40
29
33
07
43
61
62
61
31
62
64
64
95
32
97
9
9
East
o /
8 48.5
8 43.9
8 II. 4
7 56.5
8 34.9
9 33.3
8 04.7
8 28.8
9 30.4
7 09.8
7 48.9
7 30.7
8 36.7
10 08.4
9 21.6
859.2
8 06.8
10 44.0
10 09.5
9 06.8
9 22.4
11 06.0
9 35.6
15.0
48.7
9 10.9
8 31.0
8 24.1
10. o
8 25.2
9 33.0
17.7
857.6
9 36.5
10 20.2
10 29. 3
9 25.9
9 30.3
9 49-2
8 27.1
9 53.2
11 46.0
II 53.3
10 57. 2
9 20.8
10 24.8
10 34. 7
9 58.2
8 47.6
10 14.8
10 49. 2
10 47.6
938.1
7 59.5
8 07.3
II
II
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
/
8 17
8 21
8 II
7 18
833
857
7 26
8 27
9 29
6
7
6
7
9
9
32
II
53
27
36
22
858
8 05
10 44
10 10
9
9
05
21
II 06
9 34
9
9
9
13
47
09
8 30
8 22
II 10
8 23
9 31
10 44
856
9 35
10 20
10 29
9 25
9 29
9 47
825
9 51
11 28
II 28
10 57
9 19
10 24
10 34
9 57
8 46
10 14
10 48
10 46
9 00
7 57
7 25
Observer or
authority
Halter & Schultz
Do.
J. M. Kuehne
J. B. Baylor
F. M. Little
J. B. Baylor
J. B. Baylor
F. M. Little
Do.
J. B. Baylor
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
E. D. Preston
F. M. Little
WaUis & Little
E. D. Preston
Do.
F. M. Little
Do.
E. D. Preston
F. M. LitUe
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Wallis & LitUe
E. D. Preston
Wallis & Little
F. M. Little
J. B. Baylor
F. M. LitUe
Do.
E. D. Preston
Do.
F. M. Little
Do.
Do.
WaUis & LitUe
F. M. Little
E. Smith
O. B. French
E. D. Preston
Wallis & LitUe
F. M. Little
Do.
Do.
Wallis & LitUe
F. M. LitUe
Do.
Do.
J. B. Baylor
Wallis & LitUe
J. B. Baylor
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
231
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories redtued to January i, ipo2 — Continued.
TEXAS— Continued
Station
I^ti-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group /^Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Snyder
32 43
100 56
1901- 65
10 25. 7
10 25
F. M. Little
Albany
32 43
99 18
1901.66
9 26.0
9 25
Do.
Roby
32 45
100 22
1901- 65
lo 15. 7
10 15
Do.
Anson
32 45
99 54
1901.66
10 15.0
10 14
Do.
Anson, S. M.
• • • •
• • •
1901.66
9 50.8
9 50
Do.
Fort Worth
32 45
97 20
1888.96
9 07.2
8 25
J. B. Baylor
Breckenridge
32 46
9853
1901.67
9 33-1
9 32
F. M. Little
Palo Pinto
32 46
98 17
1901. 68
8 59.8
8 59
Do.
Mineral Wells
32 48
98 06
1901.69
9 or. I
9 00
Do.
Graham
33 04
9835
1901. 70
9 10.
9 09
Do.
Aspermont
33 07
100 13
1901. 72
10 50.0
10 49
Do.
Haskell
33 10
99 43
1901. 71
9 46.8
9 46
Do.
Clairemont
33 10
100 45
1901. 72
10 II. 2
10 10
Do.
Throckmorton
33 II
99 10
1901.71
9 35.1
9 34
Do.
Jacksboro
33 13
9809
1901.69
908.3
9 07
Do.
Texarkana
33 26
94 03
1901. 34
7 18.8
7 17
W. Weinrich
Benjamin
33 34
99 48
1901. 74
9 54.0
9 53
F. M. Little
Sherman
33 36
9636
1878. 52
9 19.9
8 10
J. B. Baylor
Seymour
33 36
99 16
1901. 75
9 46.4
9 46
F. M. LitUe
Dickens
33 37
100 50
1901- 73
10 04.6
10 04
Do.
Guthrie
33 37
100 19
1901. 74
10 45.6
10 45
Do.
Gainesville
33 37
97 09
1900.04
9 063
859
J. A. Fleming
Henrietta
33 49
98 12
1900.03
9 07.5
9 01
Do.
Vernon
34 09
99 18
1900.94
9 40.9
9 37
W. C. DibreU
Memphis
34 45
100 32
1900.01
9 49.4
9 42
T. A. Fleming
Amanllo
35 14
loi 51
1900.00
II 31.6
II 25
Do.
Group II
1
Binggold Barracks
26 23
9843
1853. 5
9 15
726
W. H. Emory
San Patricio
27 57
97 46
1873
9 05
7 44
County surveyor
Rockport
28 01
97 04
1895
7 47
7 26
Do.
Refugio
Pass Carallo
28 18
97 15
1887
8 45
7 59
Do.
28 21
96 24
1879. 6
8 20 .
7 12
U. S. engineers
Matagorda
Goliad
28 41
95 58
1877. 5
825
7 13
A. H. Bishop
28 41
97 24
1895
8 15
7 54
County surveyor
Wilson County, S. comer
28 53
98 14
IQOI. 2
8 47
8 44
W. T. Sutherland
Batesville
28 56
99 34
1893
8 50
8 24
County surveyor
Pleasanton
28 59
9830
1893
855
8 28
Do.
Floresville
2908
98 13
1886.6
8 56
8 08
W. T. Sutherland
Wied
29 25
97 07
IQ00.6
8 10. 1
8 05
J. M. Kuehne
San Antonio
29 27
98 28
1895
9 45
9 24
County surveyor
Colorado County
« • •
•
1894
9 23
858
Do.
Bandera County
• • • •
« • •
1894
855
8 30
Do.
Houston
29 42
95 20
1895
7 08 .
6 47
Do.
Sabine River, mouth
29 44
93 52
1840. I
8 40.2
6 49
J. D. Graham
Sealy
29 47
96 09
1895
850
8 29
County surveyor
Comal County
• •
• • • •
1895
7 47
7 26
Do.
Boeme
29 49
98 39
1892.4
856
8 26
R. K. Croskey
Wallisville
29 49
94 45
1895
7 08
6 47
County surveyor
Eminence
29 49
94 42
I90I. 2
7 35
7 32
G. H. Giddings
Bellville
29 57
96 16
1898.3
8 15
803
J. H. Machemehl
Dryden
29 57
102 07
1896
10 30
10 15
County surveyor
Brenham
30 10
96 24
1893
8 28
8 00
Do.
Johnson
30 16
98 22
1896
9 15
8 58
Do.
Willis
30 27
95 30
1838. 5
9 31
7 41
L. Burnes
232
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories redtued to Jayiuary /, igoz — Continued.
TEXAS— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued.
/
/
East
/
East
/
Georgetown
30 38
97 40
1893
8 26
758
County surveyor
Brazos
30 42
96 20
1823. 5
10 37
«
Burnet
30 44
98 13
1873. 9
9 46
.8 26
J. W. Glenn
Polk County
• • • •
• • • •
1895
8 15
7 54
County surveyor
Cameron
30 50
96 59
1893
8 30
8 02
Do.
Ne^lon
30 51
93 43
1895
7 45
7 24
Do.
Menard County
• •
• • « »
1901.2
8 30
827
D. W. Maddox
Jasp)er
30 56
93 56
1895
7 29
708
County surveyor
Franklin
31 01
96 30
1895
8 50
8 29
Do.
Mouth of Canyon
31 02
105 37
1852.5
12 01
10 46
W. H. Emory
Goldthwaite
31 28
9834
1895
9 30
9 10
County surveyor
Nacogdoches
31 36
94 37
1895
8 00
7 39
Do.
Coleman County
• •
• • • •
1895
8 50
8 30
Do.
Cherokee
31 45
95 00
1835.5
9 20
7 33
Center
31 46
94 08
1895
7 20
6 59
Do.
Rusk
31 48
95 08
1892
8 00
7 29
Do.
Frontera
31 49
106 33
1859. 1
12 25.0
II II
J.H.Clark
Odes.sa
31 49
102 18
1891
10 50
10 22
County surveyor
Midland
31 57
102 02
1887
II 20
10 43
Do.
25 miles south of Abilene
32 02
99 40
1901.2
9 37
9 34
W. A. Riney
Panola County
• • •
a • • •
1895
8 00
7 39
County surveyor
Henderson
32 09
94 45
1901. 1
7 45
7 42
R. H. Thompson
20 miles S. of W. of Abilene
32 12
99 49
1901.2
9 37
9 35
W. A. Riney
Erath County
« •
• « • •
1888
9 30
8 50
County surveyor
Somervell County
• • •
•
1895
9 15
855
Do.
hastland
32 21
98 45
1889
9 40
9 03
Do.
5 miles east of Abilene
32 22
99 34
1901.2
9 45
9 42
W. A. Riney
Granbury
32 26
97 48
1892
8 45
8 18
County surveyor
Gregg County
• • •
* •
1901. 2
7 40
7 37
J. H. Simmons
Longview
32 29
94 41
1872. 3
8 37.8
7 15
T. C. Hilgard
Canton
32 30
95 50
1894
7 22
657
County surveyor
Gail
32 42
loi 27
1894
9 00
837
Do.
Fort Worth
32 45
97 20
1891
8 56
8 22
Do.
Rockwall
32 54
96 29
1895
7 45
7 24
Do.
Brazos River, Fork
33 00
99 17
1854. 5
11 12
9 40
Young County
• • « •
* • «
1894
9 50
9 27
Do.
Rayner
33 06
99 59
1895
9 45
9 25
Do.
Douglassville
33 08
94 20
1896
7 00
6 40
Do.
Sulphur Springs
3308
95 32
1888.4
8 48
8 05
E. A. Wells
Franklin County
* •
• • •
1901. 2
7 30
7 27
G. E. Cowan
McKinney
33 II
96 35
1894
9 24
9 00
County survevor
Trinity River, West Fork
33 29
98 52
1854. 5
10 17
8 45
J. Pope
Trinity Waters •
33 34
98 15
1854. 5
10 27
855
Do.
Archer
33 35
98 35
1894
825
8 02
County surveyor
Red River County
• • •
• • • •
1874
9 30
8 II
Do.
Trinity River, Elm Fork
33 42
97 23
1854. 5
10 36
847
J.Pope
Denison
33 43
96 33
1894
9 46
9 21
County survevor
Paducah
34 03
100 12
1895
10 09
9 49
Do.
Plainview
34 09
loi 34
1896
II 30
II 13
Do.
Quanah
34 16
99 42
1892
10 02
9 33
Do.
Panhandle
35 19
loi 21
1888
II 13
10 36
Do.
Canadian
35 54
100 24
1889
II 04
10 29
Do.
Sherman Co., Okla. Line
• • « *
• • • •
1901.1
II 15
II 12
A. F. Loomis
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
233
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United Statec and outlying
territories reduced to January /, 1^2 — Continued.
UTAH
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group I
/
/
East
/
East
/
Mount Ellen
3807
no 49
1891.63
15 07.6
14 47
P. A. Welker
Beaver
38 16
112 38
1885. 74
15 29.9
1506
G. F. Bird
Tamarac
38 24
112 24
1885. 62
15 37.0
15 12
Do.
Tushar
38 25
112 24
1885.66
15 22.0
14 57
Do.
Milford
38 25
113 00
1885. 74
15 13.3
14 40
Do.
Mount Waas
38 32
109 14
1893.58
14 35. 4
14 18
R. L. Paris
Warner Ranch
38 34
109 32
1893.61
15 10.9
14 53
Do.
Wa.satch
39 07
III 27
1890.65
16 37.7
16 17
P. A. Welker
Deseret
39 18
112 38
1884.73
16 10.3
15 45
Eimbeck & Bird
Scipio
39 24
112 12
1884. 67
16 10. 1
15 44
Do.
Patmos Head
39 30
no 19
1890.81
15 54.0
15 32
P. A. Welker
Nephi
39 42
III 51
1883. 85
16 27.2
16 00
Eimbeck & Bird
Mount Neb y
39 48
III 46
1887.57
16 17.2
15 53
Eimbeck &Turner
Provo
40 15
III 40
1883.86
16 31.6
16 03
Eimbeck & Bird
Mount Guyot (Deseret)
40 27
112 37
1892. 67
16 42.9
16 28
P. A. Welker
I^ke shore
40 40
112 26
1887. 79
16 38. 2
16 16
Eimbeck &Turner
Salt Lake
40 46
III ^4
1893- 43
16 22.0
16 06
R. L. Paris
City Creek
40 48
III 53
1893.42
16 35. 7
16 20
W. Eimbeck
Waddoup
40 54
III 53
1892.41
16 34- 7
16 17
R.L. Paris
Antelope
Castle Rock
40 58
112 13
1892. 75
16 18.3
16 01
Do.
41 08
III 10
1878. 80
16 57. 1
16 24
J. B. Baylor
Ogden Peak
41 12
III 53
1888.71
17 25.8
17 02
J. H. Turner
Ogden
41 13
112 00
1886.71
17 24.6
17 00
R. A. Marr
Promontory
41 18
112 25
1892.55
17 07.4
16 50
P. A. Welker
Corinne
41 33
112 06
1881.35
17 30.9
17 00
Eimbeck & Man-
Kelton
41 45
113 08
1881.34
17 45.5
17 15
Do.
Group II
Kanab
37 02
112 32
1872. 5
14 23.0
13 53
Marshall & Austin
St. George
37 07
113 35
1871.5
16 27
16 00
Engineer officer
R. L. Hoxie
Camp on Virgin River
3708
113 20
1872.5
15 29.0
15 02
Pahreah
37 II
III 53
1872.5
14 30
13 55
W. L. Marshall
Paria River
37 14
III 56
1872.5
14 13
1338
R. L. Hoxie
Toquerv'ille
37 15
113 16
1872.5
16 II, I
15 44
Engineer officer
Kane County, west
• • • •
• • • B
1878
15 10
14 40
Mean, 9 stations
Washington County
Pine Valley, near
• • • «
« • •
1873
1556
15 29
Mean, 6 stations
37 24
113 31
1872.5
16 00
15 33
W. L. Marshall
Water pocket, near Esca-
37 28
III 02
1873. 5
15 38. 5
15 04
R. L. Hoxie
lante River
Iron City
37 33
113 27
1872.5
18 30
18 03
W. L. Marshall
W^elcome Creek
37 34
III 27
1873. 5
15 07
14 32
R. L. Hoxie
Asay Ranch
37 34
112 32
1872.5
16 51.0
16 20
Do.
Antelope Springs
37 46
113 26
1872.5
16 20.0
15 53
W. L. Marshall
Desert Spring
37 49
113 57
1872.5
16 20
15 53
Do.
Iron County, east
• «
« • • a •
1872
16 20
15 50
Mean, 5 stations
Iron County, "west
• •
• • • a •
1879
15 46
15 20
Mean, 3 stations
Paragonah
37 55
112 48
1872.5
19 30
19 00
W. L. Marshall
Mammoth Mill
3805
113 46
1873.5
1552
15 25
R. L. Hoxie
Circleville
38 10
112 24
1872. 5
21 30
21 00
Marie
Minersville
38 13
112 56
1872.5
16 30
16 00
W. L. Marshall
Fremont River
38 16
III II
1873. 5
16 20
15 45
R. L. Hoxie
Dirty Devil Canyon
38 17
III CO
1873.5
16 iS
15 43
Do.
Fort Cameron
38 17
III 44 ,
1873. 5
16 24
15 49
G. M. Wheeler
234
MAGNETIC DECI/INATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories redticed to January 7, 1^2 — Continued.
UTAH— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Mill Spring Station
Rabbit Valley
Hay Spring
Grass Spring
Wayne County
Piute County
Beaver County, east
Beaver County, west
San Francisco Spring
Hawahwah Spring
Grass Valley
Black RocV Spring
Emery County, southwest
Sevier County
Gunnison Trail
Camp, near Sevier Lake
Millard County, southwest
Millard County, southeast
Meadow Creek
Fillmore
Muddy Creek
Ferron Creek
Cedar Springs j
Cottonwood Creek 1
Sanpete County, south
Emery County, northwest
Millard County, northeast 1
Joe Valley
Mount Pleasant
Sevier Pass
Sanpete County, north
Carbon County
Sulphur
Juab County, east
Juab County, west
Fish Springs
Eureka City
Santaquin
Simpson Spring
Utah County, east
Utah County, west
Faust Station
Tooele County, southeast
Tooele County, southwest
Fairfield
Wasatch County, west
Uinta County, north
Salt Lake Base
Salt Lake County
Tooele County, northeast
Fort Douglas
vSalt Lake
Summit County, west
38 17
38 19
38 19
38 20
• •
• • •
38 27
38 30
3834
38 43
38 48
38 50
3851
3857
3859
39 05
39 08
39 14
T ^«^ 1 I^ate of
tion
39 25
39 32
39 33
39 41
39 52
39 58
39 59
40 02
40 12
• « •
• • •
III 12
111 29
112 17
113 46
113 21
112 07
111 48
112 47
112 27
113 30
III 25 .
113 00 '
III 54
• • • I
113 17
113 30
111 50
112 57
III 30
113 15
112 26
112 17
III 09
III 07
113 00
III 03
40 16 ; 112 05
40 35 1 III 10
40 46
40 46
III 50
III 54
872.5
873.5
872.5
872.5
882
871
882
871
872.5
869.5
872.5
872.5
874
885
873.5
872.5
875
870
872.5
872.5
873.5
873.5
872.5
873.5
891
891
881
873.5
873.5
872.5
872
894
859.5
875
883
872.5
872.5
872.5
859.4
884
889
872.5
873
877
872.5
880
893
891.8
880
889
872.5
895
881
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
o /
7
6
6
7
6
6
5
6
6
6
20
20
15.6
45.2
00
05
50
34
58
39.9
7 45
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
6
6
02
16
30
00
28
30
25
II
22.5
6 00
6 16
7 09
'50
6 25
6 12
6 20
7 00
7 10
00
6 30
6 15
556
6 45
7 00
7 04.8
7 09
7 26
6 42
6 50
:6 30
[6 51.7
t6 50
:6 58
6 59- 5
6 42
6 22
6 49. 7
:6 30
6 25
7 01
6 30
657
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
O f
6
5
5
7
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
5
5
6
5
7
6
5
5
5
53
45
46
10
30
30
25
05
30
10
10
32
42
03
25
00
04
57
40
52
5 25
5 41
6 40
6 15
6 06
53
50
25
35
25
55
00
5 35
6 II
^635
638
6 35
651
6 15
6 22
6 07
6 20
6 20
6 32
6 25
6 10
6 04
631
558
6 05
6 26
6 18
6 26
Observer or
authority
R. L. Hoxie
Do.
Do.
W. L. Marshall
Mean, 8 stations
Mean, 2 stations
Mean, 10 stations
Mean, 4 stations
R. L. Hoxie
Wheeler & Lock-
wood
W. L. Marshall
R. L. Hoxie
Mean, 4 stations
Mean, 19 stations
R. L. Hoxie
Do.
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 5 stations
R. L. Hoxie
Hoxie, Wheeler,
Austin
R. L. Hoxie
Do.
Marie
R. L. Hoxie
Mean, 3 stations
Mean, 12 stations
Mean, 9 stations
R. L. Hoxie
Do.
W. L. Marshall
Mean, 7 stations
County sm^eyor
J. H. Simpson
Mean, 14 stations
Mean, 2 stations
R. L. Hoxie
W. L. Marshall
Do.
J. H. Simpson
Mean, 6 stations
Mean, 24 stations
R. L. Hoxie
Mean, 15 stations
Mean, 2 stations
R. L. Hoxie
Mean, 7 stations
Do.
N. P. Anderson
Mean, 17 stations
Mean, 2 stations
G.M.\^Tieeler
County surveyor
Mean, 17 stations
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
235
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlyirig
territories reduced to January 7, 1^2 — Continued.
UTAH—Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
•
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Summit County, east
ft • • •
• • •
1893
16 25
16 08
Mean, 2 stations
Schneider Creek
40 56
III 42
1858.9
19 55
19 24
J. H. Simpson
Parmington
40 59
III 55
1891
16 29
16 10
County surveyor
Davis County
• • • •
• • • •
1888
17 02
16 38
Mean, 5 stations
Near Pilot Peak
41 01
113 59
1892.6
17 08.3
16 54
N. P. Anderson
Near Morgan
41 02
III 42
1889.7
16 19
15 57
Do.
Morgan County
•
• • • •
1879
16 44
16 12
Mean, 9 stations
Ogden
41 13
m 58
1895
16 30
16 18
County surveyor
Weber County
• ft
• • • •
1888
17 10
16 46
Mean, 8 stations
Boxelder County, west
• •
« • « • •
18^3
17 41
17 21
Mean, 25 stations
Boxelder
41 30
112 02
1884.2
17 23.5
1656
N. P. Anderson
Bear River
41 37
112 08
1881.7
17 30
17 00
Do.
NE. cor. T. 10 N., R. 3 E.
41 38
III 34
1891.6
17 44.4
17 29
Do.
Rich County
• • •
• • • •
1875
17 22
16 48
Mean, 4 stations
10 m. SE. of Laketown
41 45
III 10
1877.5
17 48
17 15
S.E.Tillman
Boxelder Coimty, east
• « • •
• • • • •
1881
17 51
17 20
Mean, 35 stations
Cache County
• • •
• • • • •
1892
17 30
17 12
Mean, 9 stations
MeELdowville, near
41 51
III 22
1877. 5
18 01
17 28
S. E. Tillman
Logan River, East Fork
41 56
III 33
1877. 5
17 33
17 00
Do.
VERMONT
Group I
/
/
West
/
West
/
Brattleboro
42 49
72 34
1898.84
II 38.3
II 45
E. Smith
Rutland
43 37
72 59
1898.80
12 01.8
12 09
Do.
Montpelier
44 15
72 32
1898.82
13 49.5
13 56
Do.
Burlington
44 29
73 12
1898.81
12 30.6
12 38
Dp.
Group II
*
Pownal
42 46
73 13
1786.5
5 52
II 50
Williams
Newfane
43 00
72 39
1901.2
12 25
12 27
C. E. Skinner
Bellows Falls
43 09
72 28
1876. 6
II 06.7
12 20
F. E. Hilgard
Winhall
43 10
72 48
1895
12 15
12 30
County surveyor
Woodstock
43 36
72 35
1897.0
12 30
12 41
H. F. Dunham
White River Junction
43 40
72 18
1876. 6
II 05.3
12 19
F. E. Hilgard
West Hartford
43 42
72 22
1860.2
II 09
13 31
J. M. Clark
South Newbury
44 03
72 06
1901.2
II 58
12 00
Irving Abbott
Wells River
44 09
72 05
1876. 6
II 54.5
13 08
F. E. Hilgard
Ryegate
44 10
72 10
1801.5
7 00
12 50
J. Whitelaw
St. Johnsbury
44 26
71 55
1837. 5
9 16
13 19
A. C. Turning
Essex Junction
44 31
73 06
1849. 6
9 24
12 34
J. M. Clark
Johnson
44 37
72.41
1900.3
15 20
15 23
C. H. Cristy
Barton
44 44
72 II
1837. 5
10 51
14 54
A. C. Tummg
North Hero
44 50
73 17
1895
13 00
13 15
County surveyor
Swanton Falls
44 56
73 09
1850. 3
II 28
14 35
J.M.Clark
Derby
•
45 00
72 12
1876. 6
13 18.2
14 32
F. E. Hilgard
236
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinatioyis observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, ipo2 — Continued.
VIRGINIA
Station
Group I
Dismal Swamp, B. stone
Hines, N. C. boundary
Knott Island, north end
Bristol
Stuart
Stuart, S. M.
Emporia
White Rock
Big Knob
Rogers
OldTown
Abingdon
Martinsville, school grounds
Martinsville, 300 feet south
Martinsville, N. M.
Martinsville, S. M.
Houston
Hillsville
Buffalo
Chatham
Chatham, S. M.
Chatham, N. M.
Marion
Norfolk
Cape Henry
Wytheville
Rocky Mount
Old Point Comfort
Smithville, N, M.
Smithville, S. M.
Pulaski City
Dinwiddie, N. M.
Dinwiddie, S. M.
Cape Charles
Tazewell
Christiansburg
Nottoway, S. M.
Nottoway, N. M.
Petersburg, S. M.
Petersburg, N. M.
York River
Williamsburg
Cape Charles City
Rustburg
Farmville, S. M.
Farmville, N. M.
Scott
Salem
Bedford City
Pearisburg
Charles City, S. M.
Charles City, N. M.
Amelia, N. M.
Amelia, S. M.
West Appomattox
West Appomattox, S. M.
Lati-
tude
36 33
36 33
36 34
3636
36 39
• • •
36 40
36 40
36 40
36 40
36 40
36 42
36 42
• • •
36 42
Longi-
tude
76 23
76 34
75 55
82 10
80 16
• *
77 32
83 27
82 30
81 33
8057
81 58
79 52
• • •
79 53
36 46
7856
36 47
80 44
36 48
8a 29
36 50
79 23
• • • •
• • •
36 50
81 31
36 52
76 16
3656
76 00
36 57
81 04
37 00
79 53
37 00
76 18
37 04
78 40
« •
37 04
• • • •
8047
37 05
77 35
• • • •
37 07
• • •
75 58
37 07
81 31
3708
80 24
37 08
78 06
37 14
a • •
77 23
37 15
• « • a
76 24
37 16
76 43
37 16
76 02
37 17
79 06
37 18
78 25
Date of
observa-
tion
• « • »
37 20
37 20
« • • •
75 54
80 06
37 20
37 21
37 21
79 31
80 44
77 03
37 21
• • • •
77 59
• • •
37 22
78 50
1886. 95
1887. 1 1
1873. 30
i89».35
1901.78
1901. 79
1897. 40
1893. 54
1893-7
1894.6
1902. 48
1897. 58
1901.77
1901.77
1901.80
1901. 80
1897.57
1902. 47
1895. 73
1901.81
1901.81
1901.81
1898.36
1897. 39
1895.45
1898.37
1901.76
1902. 02
1901.87
1901.87
1902. 46
1901.90
1901.90
1856. 68
1898.38
1897. 59
1901.88
1901.88
1901.89
1901.89
1902.02
1887. 28
1900. 41
1901. 74
1901. 83
1901. 83
1856. 68
1900.41
1902. 43
1902. 46
1901.66
1901.66
1901.86
1901.86
1901. 81
1901. 82
Declina-
tion ob-
served
1
EorW
3
3
2
o
I
I
3
o
o
o
o
o
I
2
2
2
2
O
o
2
2
2
I
4
3
15.
04.
54.
21.
53.
47.
29.
18.
19.
13.
36.
12.
59.
32.
28.
II.
23.
54.
08.
15
31.
13-
02.
17.
56.
49.
1 52.
20
42.
42.
12.
12.
17.
35.
40.
58.
12.
17.
36.
44-
26
02.
17.
29.
09.
10.
37.
24.
35.
02.
41.
38.
54.
53.
17.
25.
9W
7 W
8 W
W
W
W
W
E
W
E
W
W
W
W
8 W
o W
9 W
3W
9W
W
2 W
4W
o W
8 W
4
2
2
I
3
3
I
I
o
3
3
3
3
4
3
4
3
3
3
I
I
3
2
4
4
3
3
2
I
W
W
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
o W
8W
5
4
4
6
4
6
5
3
2
6
7
W
W
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
8 W
4 W
6 W
W
1 W
4
3
9
I
3
4
I
5
7
7
5
7
Declina-
tion in
1902
OKserver or
authority
West
/
4 02
C.H.Sinclair
3 51
Do.
4 31
A. T. Mosman
33
E. Smith
I 54
W. F. Wallis
I 48
Do.
3 42
J. B. Baylor
■0 09
A. H. Buchanan
46
Do.
10
Do.
35
E. D. Preston
27
0. B. French
2 01
W. F. Wallis
2 33
Do.
2 29
Do.
2 12
Do.
2 37
0. B. French
53
E. D. Preston
29
A. H. Buchanan
2 16
W. F. Wallis
2 32
Do.
2 14
Do.
I 13
E. Smith
4 31
J. B. Baylor
4 16
Do.
I 01
E. Smith
I 53
W. F. Wallis
4 20
E. Smith
2 43
W. F. Wallis
2 43
Do.
I II
E. D. Preston
3 13
W. F. Wallis
3 18
Do.
4 13
C. A. Sohott
I 52
E. Smith
I 13
0. B. French
3 12
W. F. Wallis
3 18
Do.
3 37
W. F. Wallis
3 45
Do.
4 26
E. Smith
3 48
J. B. Baylor
4 21
Do.
3 30
W. F. Wallis
3 10
Do.
3 "
Do.
4 16
C. A. Schott
I 29
J.D.Thompson
3 35
E. D. Preston
2 01
Do.
4*43
W. F. Wallis
4 40
Do.
3 55
Do.
3 54
Do.
2 18
Do.
I 26
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
237
Table of the most recent magnetic declinaiio7is observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
VIRGINIA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group /—Continued
/
/
EorlV
/
West
/
Appomattox
37 23
7848
1901.82
3 31- I W
3 32
W. F. Wallis
Wolftrap
37 24
76 15
1871. 36
2 49- 3 W
4 33
A. T. Mosman
Lynchburg
37 25
79 09
1901.73
2 24. 8 W
2 26
W.F. Wallis
Fincastle
37 30
79 53
1902.44
I 25.4 w
I 24
E. D. Preston
Cumberland, N. M.
37 31
78 15
1901.84
3 46. 7 W
3 47
W. F. Wallis
Cumberland, S. M.
a • •
•
1901. 84
3 46 W
3 46
Do.
New Kent
37 31
76 59
1901.64
4 10. 3 W
4 II
Do.
New Castle
37 31
8006
1902. 45
I 42. w
I 41
E. D. Preston
Richmond
37 33
77 28
1901. 63
3 45.0 W
3 46
W.F: Wallis
Powhatan, N. M.
37 33
77 55
1901-85
3 44. W
3 44
Do.
Powhatan, S. M.
• • •
• • • •
1901-85
3 43. W
3 43
Do.
Buckingham
37 34
7832
1901.67
4 19- 5 W
4 20
Do.
Amherst
37 36
79 03
1901. 73
2. 43- 7 W
2 44
Do.
Rappahannock River
37 37
76 18
1902.02
4 42 w
4 42
E. Smith
Natural Bridge
37 38
79 32
1900.32
I 52. 8 W
I 58
Brown&Thompson
Goochland
37 41
77 54
IQ01.66
3 50.8 W
3 52
W. F. Wallis
Accomac
37 41
75 42
1897. 38
4 44.9 W
458
J.B.Baylor
Joynes
37 42
75 37
1856. 68
2 03. 3 W
4 41
C.A.Schott
Lo\dngston
37 46
7853
1901.71
2 36. 7 W
2 38
W. F. Wallis
North Mountain
37 46
79 44
1884.14
I 05. 1 W
2 06
J.B.Baylor
Lexington
37 47
79 27
1897.60
2 06 W
2 20
0. B. French
Tangier Island
37 48
75 59
1871.47
3 03. 2 W
4 46
A. T. Mosman
Covington
37 48
79 59
1900.33
2 01 W
2 06
J. D. Thompson
Palmyra
37 51
78 16
1901.68
5 22. 3 W
5 23
W. F. Wallis
Palmyra, S. M
• • • •
* • • •
1901.69
4 28.4 w
4 29
Do.
Palmyra, N. M
Snead
• •
• • • •
1901.69
4 28 W
4 29
Do.
37 58
75 26
1856. 67
2 18.4 W
4 56
C. A. Schott
Goshen
37 59
79 30
1900.48
2 26.7 W
2 31
W. M. Brown
Louisa
38 02
78 00
1901.70
5 02. 1 W
5 <^3
W. F. Wallis
Charlottesville
3803
78 30
1901.70
3 37- 2 W
3 3^
Do.
Greenwood
3803
78 47
1900.33
3 32. 1 W
3 37
W.M.Brown
Warm Springs
3803
79 45
1900.48
2 25,4 W
2 30
Do.
Staunton
3809
79 04
1900.41
2 33.8 W
2 39
Brown&Thompson
Orange
38 14
78 06
1900.34
2 55- 1 W
3 00
W. M. Brown
Burketown
38 18
7856
1900.49
2 52.4 w
2 57
^ Do.
Stanardsville
38 18
78 27
1900.51
3 25. 6 W
3 30
^ Do.
Fredericksburg
38 18
77 27
1900.35
4 12.0 W
4 17
Do.
Clark Mountain
38 19
78 00
• 1871.64
I 46. 8 W
3 32
CO. Boutelle
Madison
38 23
78 15
1900.51
4 53.7 W
458
W. M. Brown
Elkton
38 24
78 37
1900.51
3 09.8 W
3 14
Do.
Monterey
38 25
79 35
1900.44
2 55. oW
3 00
Do.
Stafford
38 25
77 24
1900.62
4 20..4 W
4 25
J. W. Miller
Harrisonburg
38 27
78 52
1900. 49
2 58. 2 W
3 03
W. M. Browr
Culpeper
38 29
77 59
1000.31
2 00. 8 W
;2 06
Brown&Thomp.son
Calverton
3838
77 41
1900.34
3 42. 7 W
3 48
J. A. Fleming
Luray
38 40
78 27
1900.53
3 20. 7 W
3 25
W. M. Brown
Alwington
3842
77 47
1900.34
8 25. 7 W
831
L. A. Bauer
Washington
3843
78 10
1900. 52
3 40. W
3 44
W. M. Brown
Manassas
3845
77 30
1900.30
4 17. I w
4 22
Brown&Thompson
Fairfax Court-House
38 51
77 18
1900.62
4 35.3 W
4 39
J. W. Miller
Woodstock
3852
78*32
1897.62
3 45.5 W
3 59
0. B. F:ench
Bull Run
3853
77 42
1871.79
4 21.3 W
6 04
C. 0. Boutelle
Cherrydale
38 54
77 07
1900.48
5 19- 1 W
5 24
E. D. Preston
Rectortown
38 54
77 53
1900.39
3 12.9 W
3 18
W. M. Brown
Peach Grove
3855
77 14
1869,84
2 54. 7 W
4 44
C. O.Boutelle
Front Royal
3855
78 12
1900.52
. 3 52.8 W
3 57
W.M. Brown
238
MAGNETIC DECl^INATION TABLES FOR 1902.
TabU of the most recent magjuHc declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, 1^02 — Continued.
VIRGINIA— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group /—Continued
/
/
E or
/
W
West
/
Strasburg
3859
78 21
1900.39
3 50.
6W
3 55
W. M. Brown
Leesburg
3907
77 34
1900.61
4 46.
2W
4 50
J. W. Miller
Round Hill
3908
77 46
1900.61
4 24.4 W
4 29
Do.
Wincbester
39 10
78 10
1900.40
4 24.'
oW
4 29
W. M. Brown
Group II
South boundary, at shore
36 33
75 52
1728. 2
300
W
• •
W. Byrd
Whaleyville
36 35
76 41
1900.5
4 06
W
4 10
B. P. Baker
N. C. line, Brunswick and
3636
77 48
1824.
55
E
3 15
Boye
Greenesville counties
N. C. line, Peach Bottom
3636
81 00
1824.0
3 50
E
14
Do.
Danville
36 37
79 25
1873.6
I 16..
3W
2 54
F. E. Hilgard
F. D. Leffingwell
Washington County
3638
81 47
1892.7
08
E
22
Emory and Henry College
36 40
81 46
1881.2
I 00
E
T2
J. A. Davis
Franklin
36 41
7658
1901.2
2 10
W
2 12
I. C. Wills
Jones ville
36 41
83 08
1890
30
E
07
County surveyor
Hill Station
36 41
82 43
1901.2
30
E
28
Milo Taylor
Nansemond County
• • • •
. . . •
1895
2 57
W
3 16
County surveyor
Houston
36 46
7855
1901.5
2 39
W
2 41
C. R. French
Mead ville
36 47
79 02
1886. I
I 30
W
2 22
M. French
Gosport Navy- Yard
36 49
76 17
1865.8
2 37.'
8W
4 42
W. Harkness
Mount Airy
36 52
79 II
1873. 6
55-
2E
42
F. E. Hilgard
Isle of Wight
36 54
76 45
1901.2
3 30
W
3 32
J. 0. Branch
Floyd County
• « • •
• » •
1895
4 30
W
4 51
County surveyor
Gratton
37 08
81 25
1896.5
I 00
W
I 18
A. G. Cox
Christiansburg
3708
80 29
1900
I 20
W
I 24
W. F. Wall
Prices Fork
37 13
80 35
1900
I 17
W
I 21
Do.
Burkeville
37 13
78 12
1873.6
I 59.7 w
338
F. E. Hilgard
Montgomery Co., N W. cor.
37 16
80 40
1900
I 08
W
I 12
W. F. Wall
Pembroke
37 18
80 44
1882
2 00
W
3 07
County surveyor
Mobjack Bay
37 18
76 20
1824.
37
W
4 47
Boye
Craigs Creek
37 19
80 26
1900
I 31
W
I 35
W. F. Wall
Simmonsville
37 23
80 29
1894
54
W
I 18
County surveyor
Mathews
37 25
76 20
1901.2
448
W
4 50
Lemuel Foster
Scottsville
37 30
77 54
1879- 5
2 30
W
3 43
County surveyor
Cumberland
37 31
78 18
1895
3 00
W
3 20
Do.
Amherst
37 35
79 04
1878
2 00
W
3 22
Do.
Glasgow
37 37
79 30
1889.9
I 37
w
2 16
I. C. Walker
Accomac
37 41
75 42
1900.8
4 46
w
4 49
F. E. Ruediger
Buffalo Forge
37 41
79 26
1901.2
2 20
w
2 22
C. A. Brady
King William
37 42
77 05
1896
3 15
w
3 31
County surveyor
Lancaster
37 45
76 30
1890
4 00
w
4 34
Do.
Frssex County
• • « *
•
1895
4 00
w
4 19
Do.
Sparta
37 58
77 15
1893
3 35
w
4 00
Do.
Louisa County
• • •
• • •
1901.2
3 25
w
3 27
J. W. Nunn
New London
38 08
77 19
1901.2
4 50
w
4 52
F. M. Travis
Spottsylvania
38 12
77 38
1895
3 30
w
3 49
County surveyor
Comom
38 16
77 13
1901.2
4 00
w
4 02
T. T. Arnold
Indiantown
38 21
77 49
1901.2
5 00
w
5 02
E. J. Wood\'ille
Harrisonburg
38 27
7852
1901.2
3 12
w
3 14
J. Hanze
Bealeton
38 34
77 48
1895
4 10
w
4 30
County surveyor
Flint Hill
3846
7807
1901.2
4 10
w
4 12
J. E. Sutphin
Farmwell
39 t)2
77 27-
1895
1
3 00
w
3 20
County surveyor
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
239
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, 1^2 — Continued.
WASHINGTON
Station
Lati-
tude
Group I
Vancouver, near Fort Van-
couver
Lower Cascades
Walla Walla
Wallula
Ainsworth
Cape Disappointment
Pomeroy
Sixty Mile Well
Olympia
Howard, near Olympia
Tacoma
Sprague
Seattle, old Univ. grounds
Seattle, new Univ. grounds
Spokane Falls
Everett
Port Towqsend
Striped Peak
Dungeness
Slip
Cape Flattery & Neah Bay
Waadah
Mount Vernon
Classet
Tatoosh
San Juan Island
Bellevue
Mat
Slope
Bamboo
Windlass
Shaw Island
Goose
Clover
Root
Fairview j
Morse Island
Spieden
Limestone ;
Middleton
Doughty
Dry
New Whatcom
Patos ,
Russell
Group II
Skamania Co. , T. i N. , R. 5 E.
SkamaniaCo.,T.3N.,R. 8 E.
SkamaniaCo..T.3N.,R. ioE.|
Klickitat County
Small I., Columbia River
Chequees
45 38
45 39
46 04
46 07
46 14
46 17
46 31
46 49
47 02
47 03
47 16
47 19
47 36
47 40
47 40
47 58
48 07
48 10
48 II
48 16
48 22
48 23
48 24
48 24
48 24
48 28
48 32
48 33
48 33
48 34
48 35
48 36
4836
48 36
48 37
48 38
48 38
48 38
48 39
48 42
48 43
48 43
48 44
48 47
49 00
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
/ I
45
45
45
•
45
45
35
43
44
• •
56
o /
122 40
22 00
18 21
18 55
19 03
24 03
17 40
18 50
22 54
22 53
22 27
18 00
22 20
22 18
17 26
22 13
22 45
23 41
23 07
24 14
2438
24 36
22 21
24 40
24 44
22 58
23 10
22 57
23 00
23 01
23 10
22 58
23 02
23 10
22 57
23 02
23 II
23 06
23 00
23 04
22 57
23 02
22 29
22 58
18 13
122 12
121 50
121 33
• • • • •
"9 39
121 23
1895. 17
881.80
887.71
881.75
881.64
895.15
881.72
881.65
881.84
894.96
894.42
881.65
900.86
900. 90
881.67
90a 88
894.88
893.51
892.68
893.56
881.78
893.64
900.88
893- 71
893.72
897.61
894.42
894.57
894.57
894.56
894.46
895.64
894.53
894.47
894.54
894-52
894.43
894.52
894.51
894.47
894.51
894.49
900. 87
894.50
901.59
1901.3
1901.4
1901.4
1874
1860.5
1854,0
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
o /
21 32.4
19 29. 3
21 10.3
19 55. 7
21 24.5
21 55.8
21 33.5
22 46.9
21 34.6
22 43. 5
22 30.8
22 55. 4
22 56. 7
22 47. 5
21 39.4
23 15.3
22 50.9
23 12.3
23 26. 1
23 30.6
22 44.2
23 26.3
23 08
23 06.4
23 45. 1
23 31- 4
26 48
23 18
23 22
23 42
23 20
23 43- 6
23 33
22 50
23 II
23 55
23 30
23 29
23 36
22 36
23 27
25 II
23 20.6
23 04
23 II. 7
20 22
21 50
21 26
20 54
18 00
16 05
Declina-
tion in
1902
East
o /
21 34
19 40
21 06
19 53
21 22
22 03
21 28
22 44
21 46
22 44
22 32
22 52
22 57
22 48
21 34
23 15
22 52
23 14
23 28
23 39
22 55
23 35
23 08
23 15
23 53
23 33
26 50
23 20
23 24
23 44
23 22
23 45
23 35
22 52
23 13
23 57
23 32
23 31
23 38
22 38
23 29
25 13
23 21
23 06
23 12
20 22
21 50
21 26
21 06
18 28
17 10
Observer or
authority
^
J. J. Gilbert
J. S. Lawson
E. Smith
J. S. Lawson
Do.
J. J. Gilbert
J. S. Lawson
Do.
Do.
J. J. Gilbert
G. Davidson
. S. Lawson
. Weinrich
Do.
J. S. Lawson
W. Weinrich
J. J. Gilbert
Do.
Do.
Do.
H. E. Nichols
J. J. Gilbert
W. Weinrich
J. J. Gilbert
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
F. A. Young
J. J. Gilbert
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
W. Weinrich
J. J. Gilbert
C. H. Sinclair
H. Bueche
Do.
Do.
Mean, 8 stations
S. Garfielde
J.Pope
240
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January z, ipo2 — Continued.
WASHINGTON— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Skamania County
Columbia River, Township 6
Near Wallula
Cowlitz County
Monticello
Dry Creek
Near Mount Adams
Wallawalla County
Asotin County
Wahkiakum Qo., average
Snake R., Col. Guide Mer.
Strong River, mouth
Magnetic station
Grays Bay, Columbia River
Columbia County
Garfield County
Pataha Creek crossing
Evans Landing
Franklin County
Yakima County
Fort Simcoe
Tukannon River
W^illapa Bay, east side
Snake River crossing
Columbia River crossing
Lewis County
Pacific County
Leadbetter Point
Willapa Bay Light-House
Cow Creek
Thurston County
Whitman County
Grays Harbor, 4th St. Par.
Chehalis Point
Chikeeles Point
Aberdeen
Adams County
Grays Harbor, North Head
Pierce County
Nisqually
Lu^enbeel Creek
Steilacoom
Chehalis County
Fifth St. Par. at Hoods Canal
Fifth St. Par. at ocean
Magnetic station
Puget Sd., Narrows at entr.
Case Inlet
Carr Inlet
Mason County
Kittitas County
Douglas County
King County
Hoods Canal, head
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
%
East
. East
' /
1
/
/
/
t
i • •
• • •
1893
23 15
23 17
Mean, 3 stations
46 00
118 58
1860.5
18 50
19 12
S. Garfielde
46 02
119 00
1860.0
19 46
20 09
J. S. Harris
• • •
• • •
1877
21 35
21 52
Mean, 8 stations
46 07
122 55
1857. 5
19 50
20 45
S. Garfielde
46 09
118 18
1860.0
20 13
20 36
J. S. Harris
46 12
121 03
1860.5
20 30
21 18
S. Garfielde
• • •
• • * •
1878
20 50
20 50
Mean, 4 stations
1 • • >
• •
1876
21 35
21 35
Mean, 3 stations
1
• • • •
• • « •
1901.3
21 46
21 46
T. H. Allman
46 15
118 58
1860.5
20 00
20 22
S. Garfielde
46 15
123 23
1855. 5
20 00
21 00
Do.
, 46 18
117 51
1860.5
1845
19 07
Do.
46 18
123 42
1858. 5
21 37.5
22 30
Do.
• • • •
a • • • •
1861
21 00
21 20
Mean, 4 stations
« • •
• • • •
1870
21 26
21 31
Mean, 3 stations
S. Garfielde
46 23
117 34
1863.5
21 15
21 20
46 26
117 17
1900.6
21 25
21 23
F. Gilham
• •
• •
1866
21 10
21 23
Mean, 6 stations
• • «
« • • •
1874
21 04
21 16
Mean, 47 stations
46 30
120 40
1865.5
21 30
21 56
S. Garfielde
46 32
118 00
1860.0
20 55
21 18
J. S. Harris
46 33
123 54
1856. 5
20 30
21 28
S. Garfielde
46 34
118 04
1860.5
19 00
19 22
Do.
46 34
119 18
1863.5
21 30
21 48
Do.
• • • •
• « • • •
1876
21 21
21 39
Mean, 12 stations
•
• • •
1880
21 42
22 00
Mean, 9 stations
S. Garfielde
46 36
124 03
1859. 5
21 05
22 00
46 43
124 04
1858. 5
21 05
22 03
Do.
46 53
118 10
1860.0
21 01
21 24
J. S. Harris
• • • •
• • •
1868
21 37
22 08
Mean, 8 stations
• • •
• • •
187 1
20 49
20 50
Mean, 11 stations
46 54
124 01
1855. 5
22 00
23 06
S. Garfielde
46 55
124 07
1858. 5
21 30
22 28
Do.
46 56
124 12
1841
21 23
23 10
C. Wilkes
46 57
123 50
1894
22 30
22 35
County survejr-or
• • • •
• • » • •
1872
21 18
21 24
Mean, 10 stations
47 03
124 05
1858. 5
21 30
22 28
S. Garfielde
1 .. ..
• • • •
1873
21 15
21 38
Mean, 11 stations
47 07
122 38
1859. 5
21 23
22 13
R. W. Haig
1 47 09
118 06
1860.0
20 55
21 15
J. S. Harris
1 ' "^
47 10
122 35
1856. 5
21 30
22 28
S. Garfielde
• •
* • •
1884
22 08
22 20
Mean, 14 stations
47 15
123 08
1856. 5
21 35
22 33
S. Garfielde
47 15
124 12
1859. 5
21 45
22 40
Do.
47 16
122 05
1855. 5
21 00
22 01
Do.
47 18
122 31
1841
22 28.7
24 09
C. Wilkes
1 47 20
122 48
1841
22 28.7
24 09
Do.
i 47 20
122 40
1 841
22 28.7
24 09
Do.
\
• 9 •
• • • •
1874
21 38
22 00
Mean, 5 stations
• • •
• •
1880
21 40
21 45
Mean, 12 stations
> • •
• • • • •
1887
22 16
22 16
Mean, 19 stations
• • •
• • • •
1871
21 57
22 23
Mean, 18 stations
1 47 28
122 50
1856. 5
21 30
22 28
S. Garfielde
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
241
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, IQ02 — Continued.
WASHINGTON— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
•
Declina-
tion ob-
served
a
East
./
1
Declina-
tion in
1902
1
1
Observer or
authority
1
Group //—Continued
1
f
/
1
East
/
Wenatshapaw
47 29
120 38
1854.
18 50
19 40
J. Pope
Restoration Point
47 30
122 14
1892.4
19 36
• a a
G. Vancouver
Point Moore
47 36
122 22
1841
21 53.0
23 33
C.Wilkes
Magnetic station
47 36
121 42
1865.5
22 20
22 57
S. Garfielde
Lincoln County
• • •
« • • •
1874
21 41
21 45 .
Mean, 9 stations
Spokane County
R • • •
• » •
1896
22 03
22 00
Mean, 7 stations
Seabeck, Hoods Canal
47 39
122 49
1859. 5
22 00
22 50
S. Garfielde
Pasisi Point
47 40
122 51
1841
21 00.0
22 40
C. Wilkes
Port Madison Mill
47 43
122 33
1856. 5
20 00
20 58
S. Garfielde
Kitsap County
• • •
• • • « •
1894
22 30
22 32
I station
Peon Prairie
47 44
117 14
1860.0
21 53
22 10
J.S.Harris
Skookum Chuck, mouth
47 45
122 40
1856. 5
21 00
21 58
S. Garfielde
Jefferson County, average
• • • •
• • • •
1900
22 30
22 30
Surveyors
Bremerton
47 34
122 38
1897.3
23 06
23 07
C. Thomas
Rose Point
47 47
122 50
1841
21 00.0
22 40
C. Wilkes
Appletree Cove
47 47
122 28
1841
21 II.
22 51
Do.
Spokane Ferry
47 49
117 49
1860.0
22 07
22 25
J.S.Harris
Port Gamble Mill
47 51
122 34
1859- 5
20 50
21 40
S. Garfielde
Pilot Cove Anchorage
47 52
122 29
1841
21 00.0
22 40
C. Wilkes
Suquamish Harbor
47 52
122 39
1841
21 00.0
22 40
Do.
Port Ludlow
47 55
122 40
1841
21 00.
22 40
Do.
Columbia Guide Mer.
47 55
118 58
1860.5
22 00
22 22
S. Garfielde
Foulweather Bluff
47 56
122 36
1859-5
20 30
21 20
Do.
Point Elliott
47 57
122 18
1855. 5
21 30
22 30
Do.
Chemikane River
48 00
117 45
1861.5
21 28
21 45
R. W. Haig
Port Gardner
48 00
122 17
184 1
20 47.
22 27
C. Wilkes
Port Discovery Mill
48 01
122 51
1862.5
22 00
22 44
S. Garfielde
Holmes Hbr.. Whidlby I.
48 05
122 31
1841
20 40.0
22 20
C.Wilkes
Snohomish County
• • •
• a • «
1880
22 29
22 42
Mean, 13 stations
Clallam County
• • •
« k • • •
1884
22 26
22 40
Mean, 27 stations
Port Angeles
48 07
123 26
1897.4
23 22
23 25
C.Thomas
Island County
• • >
• •
1856
21 30
22 28
I station
Admiralty Head, Whidlby I.
48 09
122 41
1857. 5
21 54
22 50
S, Garfielde
Port Wilson
48 09
122 45
1841
20 27. 2
22 07
C. Wilkes
Port Susan
48 II
122 20
1841
20 35.
22 r5
Do.
Dungeness Light
48 II
123 06
1858. 5
21 30
22 23
S. Garfielde
Couperville
48 13
122 41
1901. 2
22 45
22 45
A.J.Morrill
Penns Cove
48 14
122 40
1841
20 40.
22 20
C. Wilkes
Clallam Bay
48 15
124 16
1864.5
22 30
23 15
S. Garfielde
Juan de Fuca Strait
48 17
123 II
1841
20 40
22 20
C. Wilkes
Deception Passage
48 24
122 39
1858. 5
21 45
22 38
S. Garfielde
Juan de Fuca Strait
48 25
124 27
1841
22 30
24 10
C. Wilkes
Perry Island
48 28
122 40
1 841
20 40.0
22 20
Do.
Skagit County
* •
• a
18S2
22 19
22 30
Mean, 7 stations
Stevens County
• • • •
• • • • •
1876
23 00
23 00
Mean, 5 stations
Okanogan County
• a • •
• • •
1883
22 32
22 35
Mean, 2 stations
Conconully
48 32
119 56
1890
22 55
22 54
County survevor
Hornet Harbor
48 32
122 32
184 1
20 40.0
22 20
C. Wilkes '
Bellingham Bay, Guide Mer.
4833
122 27
1859- 5
22 09
23 00
S. Garfielde
Colville Depot
48 34
"7 52
1860.0
22 31
22 50
J. S. Harris
Strawberry Bay
48 34
122 42
1 841
20 40.
22 20
C. Wilkes
Colville Barracks
48 40
118 05
1861.5
21 40
21 56
R. W. Haig
Fort Bellingham
48 47
122 32
1859- 5
22 30
23 20
S. Garfielde
Whatcom County
« « • •
• • • •
1879
22 35
22 49
Mean, 8 stations
27478 — 02
-16
242
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories redticed to January j, i^z — Continued.
WASHINGTON— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
•
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Birch Bay
4855
122 45
1841
20 40.0
22 20
C. Wilkes
Point Roberts
48 59
122 58
1860.0
22 39
23 28
J. S. Harris
Magnetic Station
48 59
121 42
1860.0
22 47
23 36
Do.
Do.
48 59
121 57
1860.0
22 39
23 28
Do.
Do.
49 00
118 44
1860.0
22 07
22 30
Do.
Do.
49 00
"9 35
1860.0
23 34
24 00
Do.
Drayton Cove
49 00
122 45
X841
20 40.0
22 20
C. Wilkes
WEST VIRGINIA
Group I
/
/
Eor W
/
West
/
Princeton
37 22
81 07
1900.41
I 23. I W
I 28
Welch
37 26
81 35
1900.42
2 20. 4 W
2 25
Baileysville
37 36
81 40
1900.43
I 42. 4 w
I 47
Hinton
37 40
8053
1900.34
I 24. 7 W
I 30
Williamson
37 40
82 16
1900.44
I 45.8 W
I 50
Oceana
37 42
81 38
1900.43
1 26. 1 W
I 31
Alderson
37 43
80 39
1898.42
I 58.6 W
2 10'
Beckley
37 47
81 12
1900.35
I 48. 2 W
I 53
Lewisburg
37 48
80 27
1900.34
I 56. 2 w
2 01
Logan
37 51
81 59
1900.45
55. I w
I 00
Dunlow
38 02
82 26
1898.39
I II. 4W
I 23
Fayette ville
3803
81 06
1900.36
2 01. 6 W
2 07
Madison
38 04
81 48
1900.45
I 24.6 W
I 29
Marlinton
38 13
80 06
1900.45
I 47. 2 W
I 32
Wayne
38 13
82 26
1898.40
44.6 W
56
Hamlin
38 17
82 06
1900.46
I 50. 6 W
I 55
Summersville
38 17
80 51
1900.36
I 13. oW
^18
2 12
Charleston
38 21
81 38
1900.37
2 06.7 W
St. Albans, East Base
38 23
81 48
1893.08
I 06.7 W
I 38
St. Albans, West Base
38 23
81 50
1893. 10
I 34- 5 W
2 05
Rvan
38 24
81 48
1892.94
I 10. 8 W
I 42
Huntington
38 26
82 27
1898.41
51.2 W
I 03
Clay
Adaison
38 28
81 05
1900.37
I 15. 9 W
1 ^i
38 28
80 24
1900.47
2 26. 2 W
2 31
Mingo
Winfield
38 29
8003
1900.46
2 30. W
2 35
38 32
81 55
1900.38
I 46. 6 W
I 51
Travellers Repose
38 32
79 47
1900.45
2 34.6W
2 39
Cave
3833
79 27
1900.44
2 54*9 W
3 00
Franklin
3839
79 20
1900.44
2 56. 2 W
3 01
Pickens
38 39
80 13
1898.51
2 45.8 w
2 57
Sutton
3839
8043
1898.49
2 16. 3 W
2 28
Brushyrun
38 50
.79 15
1900.43
3 05.3 W
3 10
Beverly
3850
79 53
1898.58
2 45. 3 W
2 57
Ripley
3850
81 43
1900.40
I 39. 2 W
I 44
Point Pleasant
38 50
82 09
1864.08
I 34. 9 E
52
Glebe
3859
79 13
1900.43
3 19. 3 W
3 24
Buckhannon
3859
80 14
1898.50
3 00. W
3 II
Weston
39 02
80 28
1898.51
2 31.3 w
2 43
Moorefield
39 04
7858
1900.42
3 18.6 W
3 23
J. D. Thompson
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
E. Smith
J. D. Thompson
Do.
Do.
E. Smith
J. D. Thompson
Do.
W. M. Brown
E. Smith
J. D. Thompson
Do.
Do.
W. B. Fairfield
Do.
Do.
E. Smith
J. D. Thompson
W. M. Brown
Do.
J. D. Thompson
W. M. Brown
Do.
Do.
E. Smith
Do.
W. M. Brown
E. Smith
J. D. Thompson
A. T. Mosman
W. M. Brown
E. Smith
Do.
W. M. Brown
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
243
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, ipo2 — Continued.
WEST VIRGINIA— Continued
Station
lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina -
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group /—Continued
/
/
EorW
/
West
/
Hendricks
39 04
79 38
1898.58
2 55.3 w
306
E. Smith
Philippi
39 08
80 03
1898.57
3 27. oW
338
Do.
Falls
39 10
79 07
1900.42
3 28.9 W
3 34
W. M. Brown
Harrisville
39 II
81 03
1898.47
I 25.8 W
I 37
E. Smith
Parkersbiu-g
39 16
81 34
1898.46
I 13.7 w
I 25
Do.
Charlestown
39 17
77 51
1900.24
4 01.3 W
4 06
Fleming&Thomp-
Qnn
Clarksburg
39 17
80 20
1898. 48
2 49-5 W
3 01
E. Smith
West Union
39 18
80 48
1900.39
43. W
48
J. D. Thompson
Fleming 8r Thomp-
Romney
39 21
78 43
1900.24
4 03.6 W
4 09
Foley Mountain fl
39 21
79 30
1897. 72
3 16.0 W
3 30
anJVx
L. A. Bauer
Grafton
39 22
80 01
1898.56
3 29. W
3 40
E. Smith
Martinsburg
39 27
77 58
1900.24
4 36.8 W
4 42
Fleming&Thomp-
son
Keyser
39 27
7859
1898.59
3 29. 4 W
3 40
E. Smith
Kingwood
39 28
79 41
1900.23
3 41.8 W
3 47
Fleming&Thomp-
crtn
Paw Paw
39 32
78 26
1899.41
4 10. 8 W
4 19
SNJll
L. A. Bauer
Morgantown
3938
79 57
1900.47
3 31. 8W
3 36
J. A. Fleming
Cameron
39 50
8034
1864.04
24.0 E
2 30
A. T. Mosman
Wheeling
40 04
•
8044
1898.55
I 01.3 W
I 13
E. Smith
Group II
Union
37 36
80 32
1898.8
I 43 W
I 53
E. L. Faison
Dego
38 14
81 23
1895.2
034 w
57
0. A. Veazey
Edray
Winfield
38 16
80 06
1872
20 E
I 32
County surveyor
38 32
81 55
1901.2
I 45- 2 W
I 47
J. H. Shank
Near Elk River, Webster Co.
3835
80 20
1787.5
I 45 E
2 22
Haddon & Jackson
Franklin
38 39
79 20
1901.2
2 42 W
2 44
I. T. Kilo
Near Elk R., Randolph Co.
38 40
80 15
1784.5
I 30 E
2 30
Friend & Hanway
Bull Town
38 48
80 31
1824.
2 10 E
2 12
Boye
* Upper Front
3848
79 18
1883
I 10 W
2 18
County surveyor
Spencer
3848
81 23
1898.6
I 43 W
I 54
E. L. Faison
Point Pleasant
38 50
82 09
1898.9
I 21 W
I 31
Do.
Calhoun County
• • •
• •
1892
045 w
I 18
County surveyor
Grantsville
3856
81 06
1898.6
I 15 w
I 26
E. L. Faison
Glenville
3856
80 50
1898.5
2 08 W
2 19
Do.
Edmiston
3859
80 35
1885
2 00 W
3 00
County siu^eyoi
Petersburg
39 00
79 07
1898.5
3 37 W
3 48
G.T.Hawkins
Wirt County
• • • •
• • • *
1895
2 45 W
3 07
Count)' surveyor
Elizabeth
39 07
81 26
1898.9
2 28 W
238
E. L. Faison
Parsons
39 07
79 41
1898.5
3 22 W
3 33
Do.
Potomac River, N. Branch
39 18
79 19
1824.0
I 35 E
2 47
Boye
Pruntylown
39 20
80 05
1883.3
2 33 W
3 42
R. McPheeters
Grafton
39 22
80 OI
1898.5
338 w
3 49
G. T. Hawkins
St. Marys
39 24
81 14
1898.9
I ai W
I 14
E. L. Faison
Keyser
39 27
78 59
1898.5
3 57 W
4 08
G.T.Hawkins
Daniels
39 28
79 03
1898.5
3 11. 1 W
3 22
W. M. Brown
Fairmont
39 28
80 09
1898.5
3 21 W
3 32
E. L. Faison
Middlebourne
39 30
80 56
1898. 9
I 36 w
I 46
Do.
Berkeley Springs
39 36
78 13
1 1897. 9
4 36 W
4 50
W.J.Peters
'T For other values in the disputed territory along the boundary line see Maryland, Group I
244
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
WEST VIRGINIA—Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Cumberland Gap
New Martinsville
2 miles W. of SW. cor. of Pa.
Moundsville
Wheeling, Echo Point Park
Wellsburg
New Cumberland
Lati- I Longi-
tude tude
39 38
39 40
39 43
39 55
40 03
40 16
40 31
78 44
8053
8033
80 46
80 42
80 38
80 37
Date of
observa-
tion
1824
189S
1785
1898
1886
1898
1898
9
4
9
7
9
9
Declina-
tion ob-
served
E. or W.
o /
4 35(?)E
59 W
2 15 E
1 07 W
12 W
1 34 W
I 38 W
Declina-
tion in
1902
West
o /
I
I
I
I
I
I
09
45
17
07
44
48
Observer or
authority
Boye
E. L. Faison
A. Ellicott
E. L. Faison
F. L. Hoge
E. L. Faison
Do.
WISCONSIN
Group I
/
/
East
/
East
/
Milwaukee
43 04
87 53
1888.65
4 22.3
3 18
J. B. Baylor
Madison
43 04
89 25
1900.85
4 53.
4 47
W. G. Cady
Prairie du Chien
43 04
91 09
1900.84
5 56.6
5 5»
Do.
La Crosse
43 50
91 14
1900.83
5 31.8
5 26
Do.
Alma
44 21
91 48
1893. 5
6 50.0
6 09
W. R. Hoag
Green Bay
44 30
8759
1891. 60
4 00.9
3 "
J. B. Baylor
Maxvilla
44 32
91 58
1893.6
6 47.7
6 07
W. R. Hoag
Maiden Rock
44 33
92 12
1893- 50
6 59.1
6 18
Do.
Ellsworth
44 43
92 29
1893. 50
6 51.9 •
6 II
Do.
Prentice
45 32
90 17
1891. 62
4 07.3
3 17
J. B. Baylor
Superior City
46 40
92 04
1880.64
9 45-4
8 03
Do.
Group II
Kenosha
42 35
87 49
1872. 5
5 00
2 43
H. Custer
Kenosha County
• • • •
* • a
1836
6 02
2 10
Mean, 5 stations
Green County
42 36
8938
1901. 2
4 00
356
D. H. Morgan
Do.
• •
a • • a
1834
827
4 35
Mean, 9 stations
Walworth County
• • • •
• • •
1835
6 34
2 42
Mean, 16 stations
Rock County
• •
» a a a
1834
8 02
4 10
Mean, 21 stations
Janes ville
42 41
89 02
1892
4 57
4 M
County surveyor
Lafayette County, average
• • •
• a a •
1901.5
5 00
4 58
G. A. Marshall
Lafayette County
42 42
89 52
1901.4
4 55
4 52
Do.
Racine County
42 43
88 07
1896.4
2 00
I 33
T. F. Bavley
Racine
42 44
87 48
1872. 5
4 29
2 12
H. Custer
Racine County
• •
. . . .
1836
6 10
2 18
Mean, 5 stations
Milton, college
42 47
88 55
1900.7
4 20
4 14
Albert Whitford
Mount Pleasant
• • a
.. ..
1894 .
4 45
4 09
County sur\eyor
Mineral Point
42 51
90 10
1839. 8
8 40
4 51
J. Locke
Grant County
> • • •
a a a a
1837
8 53
5 03
Mean, 24 stations
Parish
42 58
90 10
T839. 8
855
5 06
J. Locke
Oakland
42 58
8856
1885
5 20
4 or
County surveyor
Jefferson County
• «
•
1836
6 50
2 59
Mean, 16 stations
Trout Brook
42 59
90 45
1839. 8
9 00
5 11
J. Locks
Iowa County
• •
• • a a
1836
8 25
4 34
Mean, 27 stations
Waukesha County, average
• I •
a a a
1889.5
3 52
2 52
County surveyors
Campbell
43 01
89 26
1839- 8
838.7
4 50
J. Locke
Bluemounds
43 01
89 46
1839. 8
8 38
4 49
Do.
Fort Crawford
43 03
90 52
1823. 5
8 49
4 58
S. H. Long
Dane County, average
• • • a
• • a a
1896.9
5 00
4 35
W. L. Marcy
New IJsbon
43 08
88 12
1884.7
4 55.5
3 33
W. Powrie
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
245
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January i, igo2 — Continued.
WISCONSIN— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
C-awford County
« • • •
« • •
1842
8 03
4 25
Mean, 10 stations
Ozaukee County
• « • •
• « •
1835
7 00
3 00
I station
kichland County
• • a »
a • • •
1840
8 36
4 50
Mean. 11 stations
Washington County
• • • •
« • •
1836
7 28
3 30
Mean, 3 stations
Dodge County
• * •
« « • •
1835
7 10
3 15
Mean, 21 stations
Logansville
43 26
90 04
1901. 2
4 50
4 46
D. B. Hulburt
Sauk County
ft • •
• • •
1839
8 00
4 II
Mean, 7 stations
Baraboo
43 28
89 45
1893
4 30
3 49
County surveyor
Columbia County
• • *
•
1836
7 40
3 50
Mean, 9 stations
Portage
43 32
89 26
1895
4 45
4 13
County surveyor
Vernon County
• • •
1894
6 09
5 33
Do.
7 miles south of Sheboygan
43 39
87 44
1870.80
823
5 58
J. W. Cuyler
Sheboygan County
• « • •
• • •
1900.4
3 15
3 07
L. Bode
Do.
• •
• • •
1835
7 02
3 10
Mean, 16 stations
Sheboygan
43 45
87 42
1894
3 20
2 44
County surveyor
Mauston
43 46
90 04
1900.5
4 53
4 45
Gov't survey
Fond du Lac County
m % • •
« •
1835
6 53
3 01
Mean, 20 stations
Green Lake County
• * •
• • • •
1834
7 50
358
Mean, 10 stations
Monroe County
• • • •
• • • •
T895
632
6 00
County surveyor
New Holstein
43 57
• 88 05
1895
4 40
4 08
Do.
Calumet County
1 miles south of Manitowoc
• • • •
• • •
1837
635
2 44
Mean, it stations
44 04
87 39
1870.6
5 03
238
J. P. Mayer
Winnebago County
• • •
• •
1836
6 40
2 49
Mean, 17 stations
Winneconne
44 07
8843
1874
7 28
5 19
County surveyor
Waushara County
• • - •
t •
1835
6 50
258
I station
Manitowoc County
• •
• I « •
1835
6 30
238
Mean, 10 stations
Roley Point
44 II
87 31
1866.8
6 56
4 16
H. Gillman
Trempealeau County
• • •
• • • «
1896
6 30
6 03
County surveyor
Jackson County, average
• •
• * a •
1900.5
4 49
4 42
C. M. Keach
Appleton
44 16
88 23
1895
3 35
3 03
County surve^'or
Outagamie County
• •
• • • •
1839
6 13
2 24
Mean, 21 stations
Portage County
44 25
8935
1885.5
5 43
4 24
F. E. Halladay
Wood County
• • • •
1840
8 13
4 25
Mean, 4 stations
Waupaca County
• • •
« • • •
1844
6 15
2 34
Mean, 3 stations
Do.
• • •
• •
1901. 2
3 45
3 41
S. P. Guthu
Brown County
• • • •
• •
1839
6 27
238
Mean, 26 stations
Portage County
• • • •
• • •
1840
8 06
4 18
Mean, 7 stations
Kewaunee
44 28
8730
1901. 2
236
2 28
\V. T. Rooney
Kewaunee County
• • • •
• • • •
1840
6 10
2 22
Mean, 3 stations
Green Bay, near Ft. Howard
44 31
87 54
1884.5
4 26
3 02
C. S. Woodard
Neillsville
44 32
90 35
1891
5 28
4 37
County surveyor
2^2 miles south of Sable Pt.
44 32
87 56
1843- 5
6 26
2 43
J. H. Simpson
Head of Green Bay
44 33
87 59
1865. 6
5 25
2 41
0. N. Chaffee
Ahnepee
44 36
87 26
1866.6
5 33
2 53
H. Gillman
Long Tail Point Light
44 36
87 54
1845.5
6 25
2 45
Chart
Arkansaw
44 38
92 01
1895
6 00
5 28
County surveyor
I mile north of Clay Banks
44 42
87 21
1866.6
6 18
3 38
H. Gillman
Near Red River
44 43
8743
1865. 8
6 08
3 25
A. C. Lamson
I m. north of Sugar Creek
44 48
8739
1843. 5
6 09
2 26
J. H. Simpson
Eau Claire
44 48
91 2S
1S94
625
5 49
County surveyor
Shawano County
• • •
. •
1S41
5 55
2 08
Mean, 3 stations
Door County
• • - •
• • •
1836
6 20
2 29
Mean, 48 stations
Do.
• • • •
1901. 2
2 30
2 26
C. M. W^hiteside
Little Sturgeon Bay
44 51
8733
1865. 7
6 16
3 33
A. C . Lamson
Whitefish Point
44 52
87 12
1866.5
5 49
3 08
0. N. Chaffee
246
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
WISCONSIN— Continued
1
Station
T,ati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
1
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Marathon County
• • •
• • •
1840
7 44
356
Mean, 8 stations
Oconto
44 53
87 50
1865.6
5 21
2 37
A. F. Chaffee
Whitefish Bay
44 54
87 12
1866.5
5 49
308
H. GUlman
Sturgeon Bay, north side
44 54
87 24
1865.5
4 36
I 52
A. C. Lamson
4 m. north of Sturgeon Bay
44 58
87 22
1843. 5
4 59
I 16
J. H. Simpson
Peshtigo
44 59
8738
1865.6
4 20
I 36
A. F. Chaffee
Oconto County, average
• •
• • •
1900.5
2 30
2 22
E. Fitzgerald
Egg Harbor
45 03
87 16
1865.6
4 49
2 05
H. C. Penny
Green Island
45 03
87 30
1863.8
4 32
I 42
D. F. Henry
Bayleys Harbor L. H.
45 04
8705
1863.8
4 26
I 36
J. R. Mayer
New Richmond
45 06
92 30
1900.4
4 50
4 42
John McClure
Ephraim
Chambers Island
45 09
87 10
1863. 6
4 42
I 51
H. Gillman
45 10
87 20
1864.6
3 48
I 01
A. Molitor
Rawley Bay
45 12
87 03
1863.7
4 22
I 31
J. R. Mayer
Chippewa County
Hedgehog Harbor
• • •
• • •
1895
5 47
5 15
County surveyor
45 17
87 02
1863.6
438
I 47
H. Gillman
Detroit Island
45 19
8655
1862.8
4 14
I 20
J. R. Mayer
Washington Harbor
45 24
86 56
1863.7
338
47
S. W. Robin.son
Washington Island
45 25
8656
1865.5
3 30
46
Marinette County
• • •
• > • •
1837
6 46
2 55
Mean, 18 stations
Price County
« •
• • •
1886
5 26
4 12
I stA. by Co. surv'r
Oneida County
• • •
• • • •
1895
3 45
3 13
County surveyor
Tomahawk Lake
45 47
8936
1900.4
3 27
3 19
D. H. Vaughn
Sawyer County
• • • •
• • • «
1895
6 00
528
County surveyor
Florence
45 55
88 14
1896
4 21
3 54
Do.
Vilas County
46 06
8938
1900. 5
3 33
3 25
D. H. Vaughn
Oronto River
46 34
90 26
1868.6
658
4 25
H. Gillman
Bay City
46 35
90 52
1869.5
8 10
5 40
A. C. Lamson
Bad River
46 38
90 39
1869.5
7 30
5 00
Do.
Chequameeon Point
Point on Shore
46 41
90 45
1869.5
7 36
506
Do.
46 42
91 50
1824. 5
12 20
8 28
H. W. Bayfield
5>^ m. E. of Aminicon River
46 43
91 45
1861. 6
10 17
7 19
H. C. Penny
H. W. Bayfield
Madeline Island, S. point
46 45
90 47
1824. 5
948
5 56
Point on Shore
46 48
91 30
1824. 5
12 27
835
Do.
Madeline Island, N. point
46 50
90 35
1869.5
7 08
4 38
A. C. Lamson
Madeline Island, N. side
46 50
90 40
1869.5
7 38
508
Do.
Little I., NE. Michigan L
46 54
90 26
1869.5
6 21
3 51
A. F. Chaffee
Presque Isle
46 55
90 37
1901.7
4 34
4 32
1
F. G. Ray
WYOMING
Group I
Cheyenne
Sherman
Laramie
Carter
Green River
Point of Rocks
Fort F. Steele
Creston
/
/
41
08
104 49
41
08
105 24
41
19
105 36
41
26
no 26
1
41
32
109 29 '
41
43
10858
41
47
106 57
41
48
107 45 .
1878.70
1872. 58
1878. 73
1878. 78
1878. 77
1878. 76
1878. 74
1878. 75
East
East
/
/
15 II. 4
14 24
J. B. Baylor
15 52.6
15 01
W. Suess
15 07.4
14 20
J. B. Baylor
17 06.3
16 27
Do.
16 46.2
16 07
Do.
16 17.8
15 40
Do.
16 10. 1
15 30
Do.
16 03. 8
15 20
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
247
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
WYOMING—Continued
Station ^
^ti.
ude
Longi-
tude
1
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
1
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group /—Continued
f
/
East
/
East
/
Kpck Creek 4
^i 50
105 51
1878. 73
15 45.8
15 «>
J. B. Baylor.
Yellowstone Lake ^
4 33
no 24
1892. 47
18 50. 3
18 30
G. R. Putnam
NE. corner of Wyoming ij
^5 00
104 03
1882. 45
15 39.0
14 48
B. A. Colonna
Little Missouri River ^
^5 00
104 25
1882. 48
16 II. 2
15 20
Do.
Mile post 42 i
\S 00
no 12
1882. 63
19 31.2
18 56
Do.
Mile posts 283, 284 i
^5 00
105 20
1882.51
16 54. 9
16 10
Do.
Mile post 185 A
^5 00
107 21
1882. 54
17 57.4
17 20
Do.
Group II
Southern Boundary ^
^i 00
104 15
1873. 4
13 44
12 40
A. V. Richards
Do. A
^i 00
104 38
1873. 4
14 14
13 12
Do.
Do. 4
.1 00
105 01
1873. 5
15 06
14 06
Do.
Do. 4
^i 00
105 24
1873. 5
15 28
14 30
Do.
Do. A
I 00
105 47
1873. 5
15 53
14 57
Do.
Do. 4
.1 00
106 10
1873. 5
15 46
14 52
Do.
Do. 4
\\ CO
106 33
1873. 6
15 42
14 50
Do.
Do. I
.1 00
106 56
1873. 6
15 43
14 53
Do.
Do. i
.1 00
107 19
1873. 6
16 05
15 17
Do.
Do. i
I 00
107 42
1873. 6
16 05
15 19
Do.
Do. I.
^i 00
108 05
1873. 6
1556
15 12
Do.
Do. ^
I 00
io8 28
1873. 6
15 47
15 05
Do.
Do. i
^i 00
108 50
1873. 6
15 46
15 06
Do.
Do. ^
^I 00
109 13
1873.6
16 08
15 32
Do.
Do. L
^i 00
109 36
1873. 7
16 15
15 39
Do.
Do. ^
^i 00
109 59
1873. 7
16 16
15 42
Do.
Do. /J
^I 00
no 22
1873. 7
16 23
15 51
Do.
Do. I
^i 00
no 50
1873. 7
16 40
16 10
Do.
Cheyenne t
\\ 07
104 49
1901- 3
14 23
14 21
W. D. Pease
Western Boundary i
\\ II
III 03
1874. 4
17 24
16 54
A. V. Richards
Evanston t
ti 15
no 58
1892
1635
16 19
County surveyor
Fort Sanders i
n 17
105 35
1873. 5
15 30
14 33-
G.M.Wheeler
Laramie i
\\ 19
105 36
1895
14 24
1408
County surveyor
Fort Bridger - l
\\ 20
no 24
1858. 9
19 37
19 07
J. H. Simpson
Sweetwater County, SE.
• • •
1881
15 48
15 12
Mean, 9 stations
Sweetwater County, SW.
• • *
1880
15 45
1508
Mean, 14 stations
Albany County, south
• •
1880
15 35
14 50
Mean, 6 stations
Carbon County, southeast
• • a
1884
16 02
15 25
Mean, 14 stations
Carbon County, southwest
• •
1881
15 48
1508
Mean, 16 stations
Laramie County, southeast
• •
1882
15 06
14 20
Mean, 3 stations
Laramie County, southwest
» • • •
1878
15 20
14 30
Mean, 2 stations
Uinta County, south
• • •
1880
17 00
16 30
Mean, 14 stations
Western Boundary i
U 33
III 03
1874. 4
17 34
17 04
A. V. Richards
Chugwater Creek i
U 45
104 50
1877. 5
12 18.4
II 25
W. S. Stanton
Bear River i
M 54
III 00
1877.5
18 13
17 40
S.E.Tillman
Western Boundary i
^i 54
III 03
1874. 4
17 57
17 27
A. V. Richards
Sweetwater County, NE.
• • •
« • • •
1882
16 28
15 53
Mean, 30 stations
Sweetwater County, NW.
• « • K
• • « « •
1885
16 45
16 14
Mean, 14 stations
Albany County, north
• •
• • « •
1878
15 50
15 03
Mean, 12 stations
Carbon County, northeast
• •
• • • • •
1881
16 27
15 47
Mean, n stations
Carbon County, northwest
• • • •
« • •
1881
16 30
15 50
Mean, 16 stations
Chugsprings i
ti 59
104 51
1877. 5
15 26.3
14 30
W. S. Stanton
Laramie County, northeast
• • • •
•
1878
15 30
14 35
Mean, 18 stations
Laramie County, northwest
• • >
• •
« • •
1878
15 28
14 35
Mean, 13 stations
248
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igoz — Continued.
WYOMING— Continued
Station
1
lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1903
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
^
Fort Laramie
42 12
104 34
1877. 7
15 24.8
14 28
W. S. Stanton
Laramie Peak, SE. Base
42 15
105 23
1877. 7
16 42.5
15 50
Do.
Little Sandy Creek
42 15
109 40
1858.8
20 44
20 08
J. H. Simpson
A, V. Richards
Western Boundary
42 16
III 03
1874. 5
18 14
17 44
Sweetwater River
42 30
10835
1858. 8
19 56
19 20
J. H. Simpson
Camp Aspen Hut
42 30
108 58
1858. 5
16 42
16 06
W. H. Wagner
Piney Canyon, mouth
42 32
109 58
1858. 6
17 53
17 17
Do.
La Bonte Creek
42 35
T05 22
1858. 8
1823
17 30
J. H. Simpson
Uinta County, middle*
• • •
1887
17 36
17 12
Mean, 41 stations
Western Boundary
42 3S
Ill 03
X874. 5
18 20
17 50
A. V. Richards
Sweetwater River
42 38
107 25
1858. 8
19 41
1852
J. H. Simpson
Greasewood Creek
42 40
107 07
1858. 8
20 24
19 34
Do.
Fremont County, southeast
1882
16 43
16 05
Mean, 17 stations
Fremont County, southwest
• • • •
1891
17 07
16 45
Mean, 18 stations
Natrona County, southeast
• • • • •
1882
16 30
15 48
Mean, 13 stations
Natrona County, southwest
• * • •
1883
16 46
16 06
Mean, 18 stations
Converse County, southwest
• • • • «
1882
15 43
15 00
Mean, 19 stations
Converse County, -southeast
•
« • • •
1879
15 40
14 50
Mean, 17 stations
West of Deer Creek
42 53
105 57
1858.8
18 28
17 35
J. H. Simpson
A. V. Richards
Western Boundary
42 59
III 03
1874. 5
18 28
1758
Popo Agie River
Bad Water River
43 00
108 28
1860.5
15 12
14 32
43 08
T07 53
1860.5
16 00
15 15
Converse County, northeast
1881
15 04
14 15
Mean, 24 stations
Converse County, northwest
• • •
1881
15 55
15 10
Mean, 28 stations
Natrona County, northeast
• > •
1881
16 38
15 54
Mean, 23 stations
Natrona County, northwest
• • * •
1883
18 12
17 28
Mean, 17 stations
Fremont County, northeast
• • • • •
1890
16 50
16 24
Mean, 35 stations
Fremont County, northwest
• • • • •
1892
17 52
17 32
Mean, 22 stations
Lance Creek
43 19
104 20
1877.6
15 14. I
14 18
W. S. Stanton
Deer Creek
43 19
105 52
1859. 5
16 23
15 29
Western Boundary
43 21
III 03
1874. 5
18 31
18 01
A. V. Richards
Wind River
43 32
no 00
1860.5
19 30
18 54
Snake River
43 32
no 49
1S72. 8
17 40
17 05
F. V. Havden
South Cheyenne River
43 33
104 09
1877.6
15 40.4
14 44
W. S. Stanton
Pass no Pass
43 33
no 23
1860.5
20 45
20 10
Powder River
43 38
106 33
1859.5
1632
15 38
A small brook
43 39
105 52
1S77.6
16 43- 3
15 55
W.S.Stanton
Camp 44
43 40
no 43
1872. 7
1738
17 05
F. V. Hayden
Uinta County, north
• > • •
• • • •
1882
17 40
17 10
Mean, 17 stations
W^estern Boundary
43 43
III 03
1874. 6
18 30
i8 00
A. V. Richards
Teton Can JO n
43 46
in 00
1872.6
17 55
17 24
F. V. Hayden
Fort McKmney
43 47
106 15
1877.7
17 00.8
16 13
W. S. Stanton
Tetons, east foot
43 47
no 43
1872. 7
17 42
17 10
F. V. Hayden
Johnson County, SE.
• • •
1881
16 34
15 50 •
Mean, 19 stations
Johnson County, SW.
• • « •
> • • •
1881
17 18
16 34
Mean, 16 stations
A swale
43 51
105 37
1877. 6
16 19.8
15 30
W. S. Stanton
W^eston County
43 52
104 12
1899
16 16
16 09
F. W. Coates
Weston County, east
• '
• • •
1S81
15 05
14 15
Mean, 23 stations
Weston County west
• • •
• • • •
1881
15 55
15 08
Mean, 34 stations
Camp 42, foot of Jackson L.
43 52
no 41
1872.7
17 56
17 24
F. V. Hayden
Beaver Creek Valley
43 53
104 06
1877.6
15 52.0
14 56
W. S. Stanton
Bighorn Countv, SE.
• • •
1884
18 50
18 15
Mean, 44 stations
Western Boundary
44 04
Ill 03
1874.6
18 36
18 06
A. V. Richards
Lewis Fork, mouth
44 08
no 40
1872. 7
18 oS
17 36
F. V. Hayden
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
249
Table of the most recent magnetic declinatiofis observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
WYOMING— Continued
Station
lati-
tude
1
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
f
Beula Lake
44 09
no 44
1872. 7
1855
18 23
F. V. Hayden
Belle Fourche River
44 II
105 05
1877.6
16 08.8
15 16
W. S. Stanton
Fall River, Bechler Fork
44 II
no 58
1872. 6
18 15
17 45
F. V. Hayden
Bighorn County, SW.
a « •
• • • •
1883
1956
19 23
Mean, 8 stations
Lewis Fork, near Lewis L.
44 14
110 33
1872. 7
18 13
17 40
F. V. Hayden
Shoshone Lake
44 21
no 40
1872.7
18 15
17 43
Do.
Johnson County, NE.
• • •
« • • • •
1882
16 10
15 28
Mean, 19 stations
Johnson County, NW.
• • • •
• • • •
1880
15 50
15 08
Mean, 13 stations
Sundance
44 25
104 24
1889
15 45
15 10
County surveyor
Western Boundary
44 26
III 03
1874. 6
18 58
18 28
A. V. Richards
Gillijjs Creek
44 27
104 36
1877.6
16 n.5
15 16
W. S. Stanton
Upper Geyser Basin
Rea water Creek
44 28
no 30
1872. 6
18 29
17 56
F. V. Hayden
44 32
104 06
1877.6
15 40.0
14 44
W. S. Stanton
Lower Geyser Basin
44 34
no 30
1872. 6
18 29
17 56
F. V. Hayden
Crook County, east
• • • »
• • • •
1882
16 10
15 22
Mean, 26 stations
Crook County, west
• • • •
• • • •
1882
16 55
16 10
Mean, 44 stations
Bighorn County, NE.
• *
• • • «
1883
19 13
1837
Mean, 28 stations
Bighorn County, NW.
• • •
• • • • •
1882
20 07
19 32
Mean, n stations
Yellowstone Falls
44 44
no 34
1872.6
19 00
18 27
F. V. Hayden
Western Boundary
44 48
III 03
1874.6
19 20
18 50
A. V. Richards
Sheridan County, east
• • •
• • «
1882
16 50
16 08
Mean, 25 stations
Sheridan County, west
•
• •
1870
17 00
16 12
Mean, 2 stations
Tongue River
44 53
107 14
1859.5
16 30
15 44
J. Mullan
Hot Springs
44 58
no 43
1872.6
19 17
' 1845
F. V. Hayden
BERMUDAS, WEST INDIA ISLANDS, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND MEXICO TO LONGI-
TUDE 100* WEST OF GREENWICH
Group I
{Eor W)
(Eorir)
1
/ '
/
/
/
1
Port Escondido
16 04
96 57
1880.88
7 41.7 E
6 36E
H. E. Nichols
Salina Cruz
16 10
95 27
1880.87
7 17. 2 E
6 n E
Do.
Acapulco
16 49
99 56
1880.90
7 56.6 E
653E
Do.
Belize
17 29
88 12
1879. 29
5 47. 2 E
4 40E
S.M.Ackley
Coatzacoalcos
18 08
94 26
1880.14
7 10. 5 E
6 02 E
Do.
Laguna de Terminos
18 38
93 00
1880.17
6 39. 9 E
5 31 E
Do..
Vera Cruz
19 12
96 08
1880. n
7 26. 3 E
6 17E
Do.
City of Mexico
19 26
99 07
1884. 29
8 13. 9 E
7 33E
G. Davidson
Canipeche
19 50
90 33
1880. 19
6 36.7 E
5 30E
S. M. Ackley
Cozumel Island
20 33
8657
1879- 32
5 12.3 E
4 03E
Do.
Mugeres Island
21 15
86 46
1879. 32
4 49. 3 E
3 40E
Do.
Progress©
21 17
89 40
1880. 20
6 25. 7 E
5 17E
Do.
Cape San Antonio
21 56
84 55
1879. 27
4 44.0E
3 35E
Do.
Arenas Cay
22 07
91 25
1880.08
6 32.9 E
5 24 E
Do.
Perez Island
22 24
89 42
1880.06
' 6 19.2 E
5 loE
Do.
Bahia Honda
22 58
83 12
1879. 24
4 03. 4 E
2 54E
Do.
Matanzas
23 03
81 37
1879. 18
3 26. 4 E
2 17 E
Do.
Habana
23 08
82 22
1879. 20
1 3 53.8 E
2 45 E
Do.
Water Cay
23 59
80 21
1 1879. 16
2 50- 7 E
I 42 E
Do.
Nassau
25 06
77 20
' 1^579.14
I 25. 6 E
35E
Do.
South Bernini
25 42
79 18
1^79- 15
2 27. 9 E
I 28 E
Do.
Nonsuch Island
32 21
64 39
1890. 40
i 8 04 E
8 16 W
E. D. Preston
250
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, 1^2 — Continued.
BERMUDAS, WEST INDIA ISLANDS, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND MEXICO TO LONGI-
TUDE 100* WEST OF GREENWICH— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group II
/
/
{EorW)
/
{EorW)
/
He Flamenco, Panama Bay
855
79 31
1891. 4
5 01. E
429E
M. L. Courmes
Panama
857
79 26
1883. 1
5 02 E
408E
Lieut Bernardiere
Cfaagres
9 19
7958
1832. 5
6 28 E
3 35E
Foster
Colon
9 22
79 54
1891. 7
7 22. E
653E
M. L. Courmes
Cartagena
10 25
75 35
1837. 5
5 41 E
3 ooE
Milne
Puerto Cabello
10 30
68 00
1887.0
2 39 E
2 12 E
M. Aubry
La Guayra
10 36
6657
1891.7
3 02. E
I 51 E
M. L. Courmes
Trinidad
10 39
61 30
1891. 7.
10. E
02 E
Do.
Carupano
10 42
63 14
1891.7
56. E
48E
Do.
Nicaragua
10 56
83 42
1839.5
7 00 E
4 18E
E. Barnett
Barranquilla
Sabanilla
10 59
75 06
1857. 5
5 24 E
3 34E
— = — Friesach
II 00
74 57
^?3'-7
4 13. oE
3 49E
M. L. Courmes
Santa Marta
II 16
74 14
1887. 1
3 47. 1 E
3 20E
M. Aubry
Cura9ao
12 06
6856
1890. 1
2 28 E
2 07E
L. M. Garrett
Corinto
12 28
87 12
1898. 1
3 50 E
538E
H. M. S. Amphion
Barbados
13 05
59 36
1900.3
2 00 W
2 02 W
H. M. S. Indefat-
igable
Guatemala
14 35
90 30
1857. 6
7 17 E
5 ooE
Jesuit fathers
Fprt de France
14 36
6056
1887.3
17. 3 W
25 W
M. Aubry
Dominica
15 18
64 33
1826.5
I 15 E
• • •
Zahrtmann
Beacon Key
15 48
7951
1844.5
6 00 E
3 30E
Lawrence
Des Saintes
15 52
61 34
1888.5
I 05. 5 W
I 16 W
Leconte de Rou-
•
Ba.sse Terre
16 00
61 44
1888.2
27. 5 W
39 W
jon
M. Aubry
South Key, Honduras Bay
16 03
8659
1844.5
7 45 E
5 02E
Lawrence
The Hobbies
16 04
83 II
1833. 5
6 00 E
3 ooE
E. Barnett
Salina Cruz
16 lO
95 12
1889.2
6 59 E
6 20E
Laird, Norris, Hol-
combe
Pointe 4 Pitre-
16 «
61 32
1888.5
50 W
I 01 W
Leconte deRoujon
Acapulco
16 51
99 56
1898.0
7 32. 9 E
7 21 E
H. M. S. Egeria
Antigua
17 08
61 52
1848.5
46 E
054W
E. Barnett
St Croix
17 45
64 44
1853. 5
I 32 E
02 W
■L»"g
Point Moran, Jamaica
17 55
76 16
1831. 5
5 13 E
2 16E
Austin
Port Royal
1756
76 51
1896.6
2 49 E
2 38 E
H. M. S. Magi-
cienne
Coatzacoalcos
18 09
94 25
1889. 1
653 E
6 14E
Laird, Norris, Hol-
combe
Anguilla Island
St. Thomas
18 14
63 09
1846. 5
56 E
58W
E. Barnett
18 20
64 55
1888.4
23 W
40 W
Aubry and Roujon
Port au Prince
1833
72 25
1887.3
I 44 E
I 20E
M. Aubry
Cocolopam
18 53
97 04
1856. 6
8 28 E
6 28E
A. -Sonntag
Potrero
18 56
9648
1856. 6
8 39 E
6 39E
Do.
San Andres
1859
97 15
1856. 7
8 13 E
6 13E
Do.
Flamacas
19 03
98 39
1857. 1
8 28 E
6 28E
Do.
Vera Cruz
19 12
96 07
1889.0
7 12. 7 E
6 31 E
Laird, Norris, Hol-
combe
Mirador
19 13
96 37
1856. 8
8 02 E
6 02 E
A. Sonntag
Chalco
19 18
9851
1857.
9 03 E
7 07E
Do.
Tacubaya
19 26
99 07
1895. 5
7 45. 8 E
7 31E
M. Moreno yAnda
Port Plata
19 49
70 41
1890.0
37 E
20 E
Laird & Garrett
Cumberland Harbor
19 55
75 «5
1837. 5
3 31 E
48 E
Milne
Zacatlan
19 56
97 59
1901. 1
7 45. 1 E
7 42E
M. Moreno yAnda
Santiago
20 00
75 51
1887. 1
2 33. 1 E
2 00 E
M. Aubry
Cape Maysi
20 14
74 12
1831. 5
2 27 E
30 W
Austin
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
251
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
erritories reduced to January i, igo2 — Continued.
BERMUDAS, WEST INDIA ISLANDS, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND MEXICO TO LONGI-
TUDE ioo«» WEST OF GREENWICH— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Baracoa
San Domingo Key
Crooked (?) Island
Crooked Island
Habana
Watlin^ Island
Bermuda, Challenger Sta-
tion
Lati- Longi-
tude tude
20 22
74 34
21 33
75 45
22 07
74 24
22 47
74 21
23 08
82 22
23 57
74 25
32 19
64 52
Date of
observa-
tion
1831. 5
1837. 5
1835. 5
1837. 5
1901. 1
1831. 5
1898.0
Declina-
tion ob-
served
{Ear W)
o /
3
4
5
2
3
2
17
02
13
34
E
E
E
E
07. 8 E
31 B
8 10. o W
Declina-
tion in
1902
{EorW)
o /
20 E
20 E
25 E
10 W
05 E
26 W
8 14W
o
I
2
o
3
o
Observer or
authority
Austin & Foster
Milne
Foster
Milne
L. Gangoiti
Smith
H. M. S. Rambler
MEXICO, WEST OF LONGITUDE loo** WEST OF GREENWICH
Group I
Isla Grande
Clarion Island
Socorro Island
Manzanilla
^n Bias
Cape San Lucas
San Jos^ del Cabo
Mazatlan
La Paz
Pichilingue Bay
Magdalena Bay
Isle San Josef
Point San Ignacio
Loreto
Pequena Bay
Santa Barbara Bay
Point Abreojos
Muleje
Ascension Island
Santa Maria Cove
Guaymas
Cerros Island
Lagoon Head
Santa Teresa Bay
Guadaloupe Island
Tiburon Island
San Geronimo
San Luis Gonzales
San Martin Island
Point San Felipe
Rocky Point
Philippe Pt., mouth of river
Todos Santos
Group II
Near Roca Partida
Near Benedicte Island
Tabo Bay
Penas Anchorage
, o
17 40
18 20
18 43
19 03
21 32
22 54
23 04
23 12
24 10
24 16
2438
24 55
25 36
26 01
26 16
26 42
26 47
26 54
27 06
27 25
27 55
28 03
28 14
28 25
2855
29 12
29 47
29 51
30 29
31 02
31 17
31 46
31 51
19 06
19 15
20 24
20 36
loi 41
114 42
no 54
104 20
105 18
109 55
109 41
106 27
no 21
no 20
112 09
MO 37
109 17
111 20
112 28
109 38
113 31
111 58
114 18
112 20
no 53
115 Ti
114 06
112 52
118 15
112 27
115 48
"4 25
116 07
114 50
"3 33
114 43
116 38
112 00
no 49
105 40
105 16
880.9
880.8
880.8
880.9
880.9
881. 1
881. 1
881. 1
881. 1
881. 1
881.2
881. 1
881.0
881. 1
881.2
881.0
881.2
881. 1
88r.2
881. 1
881.0
881.2
873.1
881.0
881.2
881.0
881.2
881.0
881.2
881.0
881.0
881.0
881.3
874.2
874.2
874.2
874.2
East
o /
7 26.4
8 23
8 49.6
8 05.0
9 18. 1
9 26.2
9 43-8
9 39.4
10 09.2
9 45.1
10 29. 1
9 47.6
10 15.3
10 16.3
10 31. 1
10 48.4
11 15.5
II 13.4
II 23.0
II 06.3
II 48.0
II 58.6
II 50.8
11 42.0
12 54.8
11 59.3
12 42.2
12 27.3
12 55.7
12 57.2
13 27.0
13 05- 7
12 00.8
8 20.9
9 05.8
8 54.2
8 49.7
I
East
o /
6 20
7 55
8 20
7 05
8 18
8 50
9 07
8 40
9 30
06
55
14
40
43
55
9
9
9
9
9
9
10 12
10 46
10 40
10 58
10 33
11 14
II 12
II 24
11 12
12 30
11 34
12 17
12 02
12 31
12 32
13 00
12 40
n 40
7 40
8 25
7 36
7 30
H. E. Nichols
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
W. Eimbeck
H. E. Nichols
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Se3anour & Young
Do.
Do.
Do.
252
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, 1^2 — Continued.
MEXICO, WEST OF LONGITUDE ioo*> WEST OF GREENWICH— Continued
*
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
c /
East
/
East
/
Punta Mita
20 46
105 32
1875. 3
903.8
7 55
Craig & Seymour
Aguascalientes
21 55
102 17
1897.6
8 14.5
8 00
M. Moreno y Anda
Isabel Island
21 56
105 41
1874. 1
9 24
8 06
Seymour & Young
San Luis Potosi
22 09
100 55
1900.4
8 40.7
8 36
M. Moreno y Anda
Todos Santos
23 24
no 14
1875.
9 14.0
8 30
G. C. Reiter
Observation Point
23 33
109 29
1875.0
9 57.5
9 18
Do.
Punta Arena
24 04
109 50
1875. I
10 06.3
9 24
Do.
El Conejo Point
24 21
III 30
1875.
10 16.2
9 42
Reiter & Craig
Lupono Pt. , EspirituSantoI.
24 24
no 21
1875. 1
9 25.7
8 50
Do.
San Juan Nepomuceno
24 43
lOI ..
1900.4
9 05-9
9 01
M. Moreno y Anda
Santa Maria Bay
24 45
112 16
1875.0
10 45. 3
10 12
J. E. Craig
Seymour & Young
San Everisto, San Josef's C.
24 52
no 42
1873. 8
8 53.0
8 18
San Josef Island
25 02
no 43
1875. I
10 04.6
9 30
Craig & Reiter
Tuttle & Young
Playa Colorado
25 12
108 24
1874. 1
10 40. 5
10 op
Boca Soledad
25 16
n2 08
1875.
II 07.5
10 30
G. C. Reiter
Navachista
25 23
108 49
1874.1
10 20.2
. 9 37
Tuttle & Young
Saltillo
25 25
lOI 06
1900.4
8 39.3
8 34
M. Moreno y Anda
San Marcial Point
25 29
III 02
1875. 1
10 II.
9 37
G. C. Reiter
Topolobampo
25 34
109 10
1874. I
10 40. 5
10 00
Tuttle & Young
Carmen Island, Salinas Bay
26 00
III 07
1873. 9
n 27.7
10 52
Do.
San Juanico Point
26 03
112 40
1875.0
10 49- 5
10 15
G. C. Reiter
Agiabampo
26 17
109 18
1874. 1
12 01
II 25
Tuttle & Young
San Domingo Point
26 19
112 42
1875.0
10 21.4
948
Craig & Seymour
Pulpito Point
26 31
in 27
1875. 1
II 33.6
II 00
G. C. Reiter
Abreojos Pointy?)
26 42
113 14
1873. 5
II 57.4
II 24
Tanner & Young
San I^nacio Pomt
26 46
113 16
1875.0
12 07.8
11 30
Craig & Seymour
Abreojos Point
26 47
113 32
1890.0
10 58
10 38
C. F. Pond
Ciaris Island
26 59
109 57
1874. 1
II 16. 2
10 40
Tuttle & Young
Ascension Island
27 06
114 18
1889.9
10 59. 2
10 40
C. F. Pond
San Marcos Island
27 10
112 06
1875. I
10 37. 8
10 00
Craig & Reiter
Tuttle & Young
Off Lobos Island
27 20
no 38
1874. 1
II 30.6
10 55
Santa Rosalia
27 20
112 18
1892. 8
10 51
10 32
L. Motlez
San Bartolome Bay
27 39
114 52
1888.4
II 30
n 08
C. F. Pond
San Carlos Point
28 00
112 48
1875. 1
II 45.7
II 15
Craig & Reiter
San Pedro Anchorage
Cerros I. , Morro Rodondo B.
28 03
in 16
1874.
12 24.6
II 50
Tuttle & Young
28 04
115 12
1888.3
II 39.4
II 15
C. P. Pond
Lagoon Head, Sebastian
28 15
114 06
1888.0
II 31-0
II 08
Do.
Vizcaino Bay
San Beneto Island
28 18
"5 35
1889. 1
II 26.6
n 05
Do.
Rosalia Bay, Sebastian
28 40
114 14
1888.2
9 26.3
9 06
Do.
Vizcaino Bay
Kino Bay
28 46
III 59
1874.
12 32. 9
12 00
Tuttle & Young '
Tiburon Island
28 46
112 22
1874.0
12 28. 2
12 00
Do.
Las Animas
28 48
113 13
1873. 9
12 35.6
12 00
Do.
Raza Island
28 49
113 00
1875. 2
12 30.0
II 55
Reiter & Craig
La Playa, Maria Bay
28 56
114 32
1889.4
10 21.4
10 00
C. F. Pond
Angeles Bay
28 57
113 35
1873. 9
12 41.4
12 05
Tuttle & Young
Angel de la Gardia Island
29 00
113 12
1875. I
12 28.8
II 55
Craig & Reiter
Tuttle & Young
Remedies Bay
29 14
113 40
1873. 9
12 33.4
12 00
Patos Island
29 16
112 29
1874.0
13 00.2
12 25
Do.
An^el de la Gardia Island
29 32
113 30
1875. 2
12 31.9
12 00
G. C. Reiter
Mejia Island
29 33
113 35
1875. 2
12 04.5
II 36
Reiter & Seymour
Presidio del Norte
29 34
104 25
1852.5
10 16
9 25
W. H. Emory
San Geronimo Island
29 47
115 48
1S88.4
12 23.6
12 00
C. F. Pond
Libertad Bay
29 54
112 45
1874.
12 56
12 20
Tuttle & Young
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
253
Table of the most, recent magnetic declinations obsen^ed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to Jayiuary /, igo2 — Continued.
MEXICO, WEST OF LONGITUDE 100° WEST OF GREENWICH—Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
San Lnis Island
Sepoca Bay
San Quentin
San Firmin
San Martin Island
Cape Colnet
George's Island
Espia
Adair Bay
Santo Tomas Anchorage
El Paso del Norte, Initial Ft.
Mouth of Rio Colorado
Bnsinado Anchorage, Bay
of Todos Santos
Los Coronados Islands
Lati-
tude
2958
30 16
30 22
30 25
30 29
3058
31 01
31 21
31 30
31 33
31 47
31 51
31 51
32 25
longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
114 26
1874.
112 53
1875. 2
115 59
1873. 7
114 40
1874.
116 06
1888.4
116 17
1889.4
113 16
1875. 2
107 56
1855. 2
114 08
1874.0
116 4t
1889.4
106 28
1855.0
114 45
1842.5
116 38
1873.6
117 15
1889.4
Declina-
tion ob-
served
East
12
30.1
12
16.7
12
59.7
II
14
12
23.2
13
14.9
12
43.5
12
05
13
19.7
13
46.2
II
55
II
15
12
41.2
13 09.4
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
East
/
12 00
Tuttle & Young
II 45
G. C. Reiter
12 35
Tanner & Young
10 45
Tuttle & Young
12 05
C. F. Pond
12 57
Do.
12 10
Reiter & Sevmour
II 20
W. H. Emory
12 55
Tuttle & Young
13 26
C. F. Pond
II 26
W. H. Emory
II 25
Duflot de Mofras
12 20
Tanner & Young
13 00
C. F. Pond
BRITISH POSSESSIONS TO LONGITUDE 75° WEST OF GREENWICH
Group I
/
/
West
/
West
/
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia
43 50
66 07
1881. 85
17 49. 4
18 00
S,W. Very
We3rmouth, Nova Scotia
44 24
66 00
1881.86
18 43. 4
18 54
Do.
Halifax, Nova Scotia
44 40
63 35
1896. 52
20 38.5
20 36
G. R. Putnam
Annapolis, Nova Scotia
44 44
65 31
1881. 87
19 26.8
19 36
S. W. Very
Windsor, Nova Scotia
45 00
64 08 >
1881.89
20 42. 3
20 54
Do.
ChaiAcook, New Brunswick
45 08
67 05
1859. 79
17 35.7
18 48
G. W. Dean
Arichat, Isl^ Madame
45 30
61 01
1881. 82
23 25.9
22 50
S. W. Very
Montreal
45 30
73 35
1896. 79
14 19.0
14 39
R. L. Faris
Sydney, Cape Breton
46 09
60 12
1896.53
24 53- 6
24 40
G. R. Putnam
St. Pierre de Miquelon
46 47
56 II
1881. 78
28 20.8
27 05
S. W. Very
Quebec
46 48
71 14
1879. 72
17 13.7
17 30
J. B. Baylor
St. Johns, Newfoundland
47 34
62 42
1881. 74
30 37. 3
29 10
S. W. Very
Twillingate, Newfoundland
49 39
54 46
1881. 53
33 59. 2
32 40
Do.
Group II
Cape Sable
43 20
65 30
1828. 5
12 00
• • • •
Chart
Negro Harbor
43 33
65 25
1859- 5
17 20
18 18
P. F. Shortland
§helbume Light
43 37
65 16
1859. 5
17 47
18 45
Do.
Chester Harbfor
44 36
64 10
1775. 5
13 30
» •
J. F.W. Des Barres
Halifax
44 40
63 35
1895.7
21 14.0
21 12
H. M. S. Rambler
Lawrencetown
44 42
63 22
1881.5
21 15
21 20
W. B. J Dawson
Waverly
44 47
6336
1881. 8
21 01
21 06
Do.
Bamhart Island
45 00
74 48
1871.5
10 22
13 05
A. C. I/amson
Cornwall Canal
45 00
74 55
1869.5
9 30
12 25
Stanstead
45 02
72 10
1845- 5
II 33
14 50
Boundary survey
Black Rock, near Light
45 10
64 46
1856. 5
18 44
19 55
P. F. Shortland
Mispeck Point
45 12
66 00
1859.5
18 16
19 28
Do.
St. John, New Brunswick
45 14
66 03
1866.3
19 22. 9
20 II
J. H. Orlebar
Prospect Hill and Conn. R.
45 15
71 14
^845.5
12 08.5
15 10
Boundary survej'
Highland Boundary
45 18
71 05
1845.5
13 20
16 22
Do. "
St. Johns, near Montreal
45 19
73 00
1842. 5
II 22
14 52
J. H. Lefroy
Arnold River
45 20
70 55
1845. 5
13 30
16 32
Boundary survey
254
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinatmis observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to Ja?iuary /, igo2 — Continued.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS TO LONGITUDE 75** WEST OF GREENWICH— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Dead River
Highland Boundai^*
Isle Madame
Rividre k la Graisse
Carillon
Highland Boundary
Pointe aux Chines
Merigomish Harbor
Richmond
Picton Harbor
Highland Boundary
Wallace Harbor
Pugwash Harboi
Drummondville
Sorel
Stone Island
Isle de GrAce
Sydney
Cape Tormentine
Georgetown
Chariottetown
Ice, Lake St. Peter
Carleton Head *
Shediac Island
Cape Breton
Three Rivers
River St. Maurice
Becancour
Bedeque Harbor
River St. Croix
Isle Bigot, River Champlain
Cape Turner
Richmond Bay
Grondines
Platon Point
Richibucto River
Trepassy
St. Pierre
Cascumpeque
Quebec
St. Thomas
Pointe Miquelon
Anse de Miauelon
Crane Island
Miramichi, Vin Island
Stone Pillar
Amherst Harbor
Isle aux Coudres
Bull Island
St. Johns, Newfoundland
Duck Island, near Cape Ray
Bay Roberts
Cape Bay
Temiscouata Lake
Lati-
tude
45 26
45 31
45 35
45 36
45 36
45 37
45 37
45 38
45 41
45 42
45 42
45 49
45 53
45 53
46 03
46 06
46 06
46 09
46 10
46 II
46 14
46 14
46 15
46 15
46 17
46 19
46 21
46 22
46 24
46 25
46 26
46 30
46 34
46 34
46 40
46 43
46 44
46 47
46 48
46 48
46 59
47 02
47 05
47 05
47 06
47 12
47 15
47 25
47 26
47 34
47 34
47 35
47 37
47 38
Longi-
tude
70 48
70 43
6056
74 22
74 32
70 37
74 55
62 27
72 03
62 40
70 28
63 26
63 41
72 34
73 00
73 02
73 07
60 12
63 50
62 33
63 08
72 44
63 43
64 23
60 23
72 36
72 43
71 33
6348
70 03
72 24
63 20
63 43
72 24
71 54
64 49
53 23
56 10
64 03
71 12
70 33
56 18
56 25
70 32
65 04
70 22
61 50
70 26
53 47
52 41
59
53
II
15
Date of
observa-
tion
59 19
69 00
845.5
845.5
848.5
843.5
843.5
845.5
843.5
842.5
876.6
841.5
844.5
840.5
840.5
842.5
842.5
830.5
830.5
900.6
840.5
843.5
898.4
828.5
840.5
839.5
857.5
842.5
835.5
876.6
841.5
844.5
835.5
845.5
845.5
835.5
837.5
839.5
898.5
899.7
845.5
887.7
876.6
899-7
890.7
831.5
857.4
83^.5
833.5
831.5
858.6
896.4
856.5
866.7
856.5
818.5
Declina.
tion ob-
served
West
o /
Declina-
tion in
1902
West
o /
13 10
16 12
13 25
16 27
22 30
22 50
8 26
14 04
8 41
14 19
13 37
16 40
7 28
13 06
20 15
21 34
16 59. 6
17 50
20 19
21 38
13 50
17 05
19 50
21 15
19 40
21 05
12 28
17 30
II 22
16 22
10 30
1636
10 27
16 33
24 33-3
24 30
20 00
21 20
21 58
23 05
23 40.0
23 31
II 15
• •
20 18
21 43
19 59
21 30
24 40
24 20
II 58
16 30
II 32
16 52
15 43.5
16 34
20 12
21 30
15 02
18 05
12 41.5
18 02
21 41
22 36
21 00
21 55
12 27
17 30
12 52
17 36
19 50
22 00
28 50.0
28 36
27 16
27 09
21 10
22 30
17 09.8
17 24
17 50. 1
18 05
27 16
27 10
28 14
27 40
14 28
1854
21 24
21 32
14 49
19 16
22 36
24 30
15 17
19 43
30 27
28 50
29 45. 4
29 17
27 22
26 45
30 56.
29 12
27 37
27 00
16 31
• • •
Observer or
authority
Boundary survey
Do.
G. W. Keely
J. H. Lefroy
Do.
Boundary sur\-ey
J. H. Lefroy
H. W. Bayfield
F. E. Hilgard
H. W. Bayfield
Boundary survey
H. W. Bayfield
Do.
J. H. Lefroy
Do.
H. W. Bayfield
Do.
H. M. S. Indefat-
igable
H. W. Bayfield
H. W. Bayfield
Newf *dland surv.
J. H. Lefroy
H. W. Bayfield
Do.
J. H. Orlebar
J. H. Lefroy
H.W.Bayfiel^
F. E. Hilgard
H. W.-Bayfield
Boundary survey
H. W. Bayfield
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Newf'dland surv.
M. Colson
H. W. Bayfield
M. Aubry
F. E. Hilgard
M. Colson
A.Schwerer
H. W. Bayfield
J. H. Orlebar
H. W. Bayfield
Do.
Do.
Otter
H. M.S. Cordelia
J. H. Orlebar
Do.
Do.
J. Johnson
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
255
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January z, igo2 — Continued.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS TO LONGITUDE 75° WEST OF GREENWICH— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Carbonear
Shippigan Harbor
Bryon Island
Caraquette Island
Riviere du Loup, en bas
Rividre du Loup
Hearts Content
Codroy Island
Brandy Pot Island
Cape Anguille
Northeast boundary claimed
before 1842
Hants Harbor
Miscou Harbor
Paspebiac
Dalhousie Island
Old Perlican
Carleton Point
Tadousac
Point Maquereau
Rasade Inlet
Bic Island
St. Georges Bay, Sand Pt.
King's Cove
Portneuf
Bona vista
Port au Port
Baie de Gasp^
Bersimis Point
Birchy Cove
Petitpas Cove
Anticosti, Heath Pt.
Cape Chat
Mont Louis River
Pointe des Monts
Port St. Nicholas
Neddy Harbor
Egg Inlet
White Bay, Sops Arm
Cape Henry, Anticosti
White Bay, Jacksons Arm
Cliffy Point
Baie des Sept lies
Port Saunders
Port au Choix .
Baie du Gouffre
Point Rich
Bonnie Baie de St. Jean
Baie du Cap Rouge
Baie de Sainte Marguerite
Havre du Croc
Baie aux Outardes
Bradore
Baie du Sacre
Lati-
tude
Lonfifi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
West
West
/
/
/
/
47 41
53 14
6443
1866.5
31 02.0
29 18
J. H. Orlebar
47 45
1838. 5
21 43
23 18
H. W. Bayfield
47 48
61 26
64 53
1835.5
23 30
2448
Do.
47 50
1838.5
^^ 30 ^
23 05
Do.
47 51
69 25
1876. 7
20 38. 8
20 37
F. E. Hilgard
47 51
69 35
loOO.
17 36
21 06
H. W. Bayfield
47 52
53 22
31 21.0
29 37
J. H. Orlebar
47 53
59 25
1835* s
25 00
26 18
H. W. Bayfield
47 53
6942
1836. 5
17 25
20 07
Do.
47 55
59 24
1894.5
26 55.0
26 40
NewTdland surv;
48 00
67 47
1859.5
X9 30
20 12
State survey
48 01
53 14
1866.5
32 13.0
30 30
J. H. Orlebar
48 01
64 30
1838.5
20 35
22 15
H. W. Bayfield
48 01
65 35
1838. 5
21 21
23 13
Do.
48 04
66 23
1839. 5
20 15
22 10
Do.
48 05
53 00
1866.4
31 42.0
30 00
J. H. Orlebar
48 05
66 08
1838. 5
1887.6
20 23
22 17
H. W. Bayfield
4808
69 43
19 27.5
19 40
M. Aubry
48 12
64 47
1837. 5
22 00
23 40
H. W. Bayfield
48 13
69 09
1829. 5
17 34 •
21 10
Do.
48 25
68 49
1830. 5
17 29
21 05
Do.
48 28
58 29
1893. 6
29 23.0
29 00
Newf'dland surv.
48 34
53 18
1866.6
32 37-
30 54
J. H. Orlebar
4837
69 07
1831.5 1
17 36
21 12
H. W. Bayfield
48 39
53 08
1866.4
34 05. 5
32 22
J. H. Orlebar
48 39
58 50
1894.7
28 52.0
28 30
Newf*dland surv.
48 49
64 28
1887.6
25 08
25 00
M. Aubry
48 56
68 38
1831- 5
18 48
22 24
H. W. Bayfield
48 59
58 00
1899.6
30 00
29 53
M. Colson
48 59
57 59
1900.6
29 56.6
29 52
H. M. S. Indefat-
igable
49 05
•61 42
1892. 6
28 41.0
28 16
Newf*dland surv.
49 06
66 46
1830. 5
21 27
24 27
H. W. Bayfield
49 15
65 45
1828. 5
22 00
24 54
Do.
49 19
67 23
1830. 5
20 13
23 13
H. W. Bayfield
49 19
67 48
1830. 5
19 57
22 57
Do.
49 32
57 52
1895.7
29 28.0
29 09
Newf'dland surv.
49 38
67 n
1832. 5
21 35
24 35
H. W. Baytield
49 46
5652
1897.7
32 07.0
31 50
Newf'dland surv.
49 48
64 24
1830.0
24 22
27 05
H. W. Bayfield
49 52
56 46
1897.6
32 51.0
32 38
Newf'dland surv.
50 13
57 36
1896.8
32 13.0
31 57
Do.
50 13
66 25
1887.6
20 13
20 08
M. Aubry
50 39
57 17
; 1890.5
31 49.5
31 15
A. Schwerer
50 42
57 21
1890.4
31 35.3
31 00
Do.
50 42
56 09
1890.6
33 10.
32 36
Do.
50 43
57 23
1897.5
33 03.0
32 50
Newf'dland surv.
50 48
57 12
1899.6
31 45.5
31 38
M. Colson
50 54
55 10
1890.6
34 09.8
33 36
A. Schwerer
51 00
57 10
1890.6
33 09.7
32 36
Do.
51 04
55 48
1890.6
34 13.2
33 40
Do.
51 21
55 58
1890.6
35 48.5
35 14
Do.
51 28
57 15
, 1891.7
33 53.0
33 22
Newf'dland surv.
51 36
55 40
: 1890. 6
36 07.4
35 33
A. Schwerer
256
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to Jayiuary /, igo2 — Continued.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS TO LONGITUDE 75° WEST OF GREENWICH— Continuerl
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
1
Group //—Continued
/
/
U'est
/
West
/
Straits of Belle Isle
51 36
55 59
1898.6
37 01.
36 50
Newf'dland surv.
Chateau Bay
52 00
55 50
1891.7
35 51.0
35 20
Do.
Hamilton Inlet, Northwest
53 32
60 09
1860.7
39 03
. .
J. H. Orlebar
River, Labrador
Hamilton Inlet, near Rigo-
54 n
58 25
1860.7
41 09
• * • «
Do.
let. Labrador
Hamilton Inlet, Cats Islet
1
54 22
57 54
1860.7
GITUDES
40 39
• • •
Do.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS
BETWE
EN LON(
75® AND 9c
)° WEST (
£or H'
/
DF GREENWICH
Group I
f
/ i
E or ir
/
•
Foot of Lon^ Portage
47 55
84 45
1880.62
3 14.0 W
4 48 W
S. W. \ery
Fort Michipicoten
47 56
84 51
18S0.60
I 20. 5 w
2 54 W
Do.
Big Stony Portiage
48 14
84 15
1880.57
4 12. 1 W
5 46 W
Do.
Sandy Beach
48 18
84 01
1880.57
I 19. 3 W
2 53 W
Do.
Fairy Point
48 21
83 44
1880.58
3 22. 2 W
4 58 W
Do.
Missinaibi
48 29
83 28
1880.58
2 21. 2 w
3 58 W
Do.
Foot of Swampy ground
48 42
83 24
1880.68
12.7 w
I 53 W
Do.
Portage
Saint Paul Rapids
48 50
83 24
1880.68
4 10. 2 W
5 52 W
Do.
Moose River
49 08
83 22
1880. 67
4 20. 4 W
6 04 W
Do.
Twin Portage
49 12
83 24
1880.59
4 58. 1 W
6 44 W
Do.
Albany Rapids
49 22
83 30
1880.67
4 II. oW
559W
Do.
Kettle Portage
49 47
83 16
1880.60
4 15. I W
6 05 W
Do.
Storehouse Portage
Near Cedar Islana
50 04
83 16
1880.66
4 54. 6 W
6 47 W
Do.
50 21
82 42
1880.63
5 14. 5 W
7 08 W
Do.
Moose R., nr. Falling Brook
50 36
82 07
1880.61
7 56. 9 W
9 50 W
Do.
Long Gravel Bed
50 44
81 48
1880. 65
8 01.9 W
9 56W
Do.
Gypsum Beds
50 50
8t 15
1880.65
9 «2. 9 W
II 50 W
Do.
Moose Factorv, Hudson Bay
51 15
80 40
1880.63
15 27. 5 W
17 28 W
Do
Group II
Middle Island
41 41
82 41
1845. 5
I 54 E
I 14 W
J.H.Simpson
Pointe Pel^e Island
41 49
82 41
1877. 4
15 E
I 00 W
F. Terry
East Sister Island
41 49
82 51
1845. 5
2 18 E
50 w
J. H. Simpson
Middle Sister Island
41 51
83 00
1845-5
2 00 E
I 08 w^
Do.
Pointe Pel^e
41 55
82 31
1877.7
25 E
50 w
F. M. Towar
Pigeon Bay
Colchester
41 59
82 33
1877. 7
10 W
I 25 w
A. C. Lamson
42 00
8258.
1877.7
31 E
44 W
F. M. Towar
Kingsville
42 02
82 45
1877. 7 •
30 E
045W
F. Terry
Bois Blanc Island
42 05
83 07
1874.4
32 E
54W
A. C. Lamson
Amherstburg
42 07
83 07
1840. 5
I 30 E
I 50 w
J. N. Macomb
Pointe aux Pins
42 15
81 52
1845. 5
I 04 E
2 10 W
J.H.Simpson
Rondeau Harbor
42 16
81 52
1896.8
2 07. 1 W
2 28 W^
. W.J.Stewart
Rividre aux Puces
42 18
82 47
1869.0
I 13 E
37 W
J.F.Gregory
Mouth of Thames River
42 19
82 27
1871.3
29 E
I 15 w
A. C. Lamson
Belleisle
42 20
83 00
1873. 8
35 E
1 51 w
Do.
Long Point
42 34
80 08
1896. 8
3 55.0W
. 4 16 w
W.J.Stewart
Turkey Point
42 39
80 20
1896.4
3 48 W
! 4 10 W
J, F. Fraser
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
257
Table of the most recent inagjietic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS BETWEEN LONGITUDES 75° AND 90° WEST OF GREENWICH—
Continued
•
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
' tion iu
1902
Eor W
/
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
: EorW
/
1
Normandale
42 42
80 20
1896.0
2 35 W
2 59 w
1
Anderson & Stew-
art
Do.
Port Dover
42 47
80 12
1896.3
4 12 W
4 35 W
Mohawk Island
42 50
79 37
1870. 5
2 40 W
454W
Light-House list
Port Maitland
42 51
79 35
1896.0
4 59 W
5 23 W
j Stewart & Fraser
Ridgeway
42 52
79 04
1875. 6
3 33 W
5 29 W
' J. Eisenniann
Port Colborne
42 53
79 16
1896.8
5 23. 6 W
5 44W
W.J.Stewart
Lake Wawanash
43 01
82 19
1859- 7
40 W
3 ooW
H. C. Penny
Port Dalhousie
43 12
79 16
1875. 5
4 ;22 w
6 16 W
J. Eisenmann
Cape Ipperwash
43 13
82 00
i860. 1
1 09. 4 w
2 29 W
. Smith & Penny
Toronto, Mag. Observatory
43 39
79 23
1895. 2
4 46. 8 W
5 08W
0. J. Klotz
Ooderich
43 44
81 43
1860.5
I 42. oW
4 07 W
: W.P.Smith
Peter Pointe
43 51
77 10
1869.5
6 W
8 30 W
Light-House list
Bowmanville
43 52
7838
1869.5
3 30 W
5 48 W
Do.
Oshaw'ay
43 52
7848
1869.5
3 30 W
5 48 W
Do.
Duck Islands
43 56
76 37
1874. 6
5 00 W
7 06 W
C. Donovan
Timber Island
43 57
76 50
1874. 6
7 19 w
9 19 W
F.M.Towar
Point Yeo
44 03
76 30
1818. 5
2 30 W
8 54W
W. F. W. Owen
Cookstown
44 08
79 37
1880.0
4 03. 7 W
5 22 W
H. Creswick
Wolf I. n°ar Garden I.
44 II
76 29
1874. 6
6 45 W
8 51 W
F. TeiT\'
F. M. Towar
Amherst Island, east end
44 II
76 37
1874. 6
7 12 W
9 18 W
Kincardine
44 II
81 37
1900.7
4 45.3 ^V
4 50W
F. Anderson
Kingston
44 13
76 35
1840. 5
4 00 W
9 06 W
Halhdays Point
44 14
76 18
1873. 5
7 30 W
9 42 W
1 H.Custer
AVolfe Island, Browns Point
44 14
76 24
1874. 7
6 25 W
8 31 W
; F.M.Towar
-Gananoque
44 18
76 12
1874.4
8 33 W
10 39 W
Do.
Allandale
44 20
79 41
1879. 9
4 48. W
6 08 W
H. Creswick
Barrie, Lake Simcoe
44 21
79 37
1878. 5
4 43. 3 W
6 09 W
Do.
Chantry Island
44 3«
81 24
1900.8
5 53. 3 W
5 58 W
F. Anderson
•Collingfwood Harbor
44 3«
80 14
1894.6
4 31 W
5 01 W
Stewart and Camp-
bell
F. Anderson
Nattawasaga River
44 32
80 01
1893-7
5 42 W
6 15W
Owen Sound
44 34
80 56
1897.8
5 26. 5 W
5 43 W
J. F. Fraser
3 miles west of Ogdensburg
44 42
75 34
1871.8
9 36 W
12 06W
U. S. Lake Survey
Cape Rich
44 43
8038
1894.3
436 w
5 07 W
Anderson and
Stewart
2 miles above Ogdensburg
44 44
75 32
1818.5
3 30 W
• • • •
W. F. W. Owen
Vails Point
44 44
8045
1888.6
4 16 W
5 10 W
Captain Boulton
Victoria Harbor
44 45
79 48
1892.7
5 19 W
5 56 W
F. Anderson
Burke Island
44 46
81 19
1900.9
5 41. 8 W
5 47 W
Do.
Penetanguishene
44 49
80 01
1848. 5
I 28 W
4 48 w
— Typer
Anderson and
vChristian I., Indian Village
44 49
80 10
1894,6
6 08 W
6 38 W
Stewart
Beckwith Island
44 50
80 06
1893.6
5 55 W
6 29 W
Stewart and An-
derson
McGregor Harbor
44 56
81 02
1888.5
4 55 W
5 50W
W. J. Stewart
South Watcher Island
44 57
80 04
1892.5
6 05 W
6 43W
D. C. Campbell
Garden Island
45 00,
81 23
1899.8
5 54.4 W
6 03 W
F. Anderson
Western Islands
45 05
80 25
1820. 5
I 25 E
• • • •
H. W. Bayfield
Milligan Island
45 06
80 07
1891.1
4 52 W
536W
Boulton and Camp-
bell
H. W. Bayfield
Chin Cape
45 07
81 25
1819.5
39 E
• •
27478 — 02 —
-17
258
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, i^z — Continued.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS BETWEEN LONGITUDES 75^ AND 90° WEST OF GREENWICH—
Continued <
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
1
1
Date of i
observa- ,
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority'
Group //—Continued
1
I
I
/ 1
/
Eor IV
/
Eor ]V
/
Warner "Bsy
Cape Hurd
Cabot Head
45 II
81 38
1899.6
6 25. 2 W
635W
F. Anderson
45 14
81 51
1821. 5
21 E
• • •
H. W. Bayfield
45 15
81 26
1819.5
24 E
• • • •
Do.
Tobermory Harbor
45 16
81 41
1899.5
6 44.1 W
654W
W. J. Stewart
Doctor Island
45 16
81 41
1884.6 :
5 53 W
7 05 W
Captain Boulton
Reid Island
45 19
80 16
1898.3 :
6 38. W
6 53W
F. Anderson
Cove Island
45 20
81 44
1898.5 1
6 53.0 W
7 07 W
Do.
Ottawa
45 21
75 42
1875.8
10 00. 5 W
12 07 w
R. Sparks
Silbow Rock
45 21
. 8003
1890.4
556 w
6 42 W
W. J. Stewart
Mink Islands
45 22
80 25
1890.5
5 06 W
552W
Boulton and Stew-
art
W. J. Stewart
Fitzwilliam I., SW. Point
45 26
81 49
1899.8
4 30.5 W
4 39 W
Halfmoon Island
45 27
81 35
1821.5
22 E
• • • •
H. W. Bayfield
Manitoulin Island
45 28
81 54
1821.5
I 13 E
• • • •
H. W. Bayfield
Point Aylmer
45 29
75 48
1843.5
6 58 W
12 17 W
J. H. Lefroy
Rattlesnake Harbor
45 32
81 43
1899.8
6 22. 7 W
6 32W
F. Anderson
Isles off Franklin Inlet
45 33
8038
1821.5
40 E
• ' • •
H. W. Bayfield
Point au Baril Harbor
45 33
80 30
1889.5
509 w
6 00 W
Captain Boulton
Club Island
45 34
81 36
1900.8
6 32.0 W
6 37W
W. J. Stewart
South Bay Mouth
45 34
82 00
1899.4
3 47.0 W
358W
F. Anderson
Erie Shingle
45 34
81 38
1884.8
4 45 W
6 ooW
Captain Boulton
Portage du Fort
Alfred Township
45 36
76 53
1843.5
5 II W
10 30 W
J. H. Lefroy
45 37
75 12
1843.5
6 58 W
12 17 w
Do.
White-shingle Bank
45 37
81 31
1821.5
21 E
• •
H.W.Bayfield
Outer Duck Island
45 39
82 56
1897.7
2 07.5 W
2 27 W
J. F. Fraser
Great Duck Island
45 39
82 56
1897.8
2 00.2 W
2 I9W
Do.
Fanny Island
45 44
81 48
1885.7
341 w
454W
Captain Boulton
Macnab Rocks
45 45
80 39
1888.0
4 19 W
j 5 22W
Boultonand Camp-
bell
J. F. Fraser
Western Duck Island
45 45
82 57
1897.7
3 00 W
3 19W
Misery Bay
45 47
82 45
1898.6
3 18.0 w
333W
F. Anderson
Burnt Island
45 49
82 57
1897.7
3 07. 2 W
3 26 w
J. F. Fraser
West Bay Indian Village
45 50
82 10
1886.4
5 12 W
6 22 W
Captain Boulton
Squaw Island, West Rock
45 50
1 81 29
1884.9
I 07 W
2 24 W
Do.
West Mound
45 50
1 81 39
1885.4
3 42 W
456W
Do.
Island off Henvey Inlet
45 51
1 80 53
1821.5
I 33 E
1 . • •
H.W.Bayfield
Gull Island
45 51
' 81 16
1885.4
5 02 W
6 17 W
D. C. Campbell
Murray Rocks
45 52
80 48
1886.7
5 38 W
647W
BoultonandCamp-
bell
J. F. Fraser
Small island west side Mis-
45 52
83 18
1897.6
4 39- 8 W
' 5 00 W
sisauga Straits
Manitoulin Island
1
45 53
83 13
1897. 6
3 27 W
: 347W
Do.
Ridaiit Island
45 54
80 56
1886.6
7 20 W
8 29 W
Captain Boulton
Little Cockburn Island
45 54
83 30
1897.8
3 28.6 W
3 48 W
J. F. Fraser
Islet off Grondines Point
45 54
81 15
1821.5
32 w
. . . .
H.W.Bayfield
Henry Island
45 55
82 46
1887.7
358 w
5 loW
Captain Boulton
Gore Bay Harbor
45 55
82 28
1887.4
3 32 W
445W
Do.
Graburn Island
45 55
8055
1886.7
6 50 W
8 00 W
D. C. Campbell
Kokanongwi Shingle
45 56
81 34
1885.5
2 51 w
4 loW
Do.
Drummond Island
45 56
83 42
1859.5
13 E
2 33 W
Lake Huron
45 57
81 32
1843. 5
38 W
405W
J. H. Lefroy
H. W. Bayfield
Point on shore
; 45 57
81 38
1821.5
31 w
• »
Gore Bay Light-House
45 57
82 29
1885.5
6 02 W
7 20W
Captain Boulton
Strawberry Island L. H.
45 58
81 51
1885.6
3 46 W
5 ooW
D. C. Campbell
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
259
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, i^oz — Continued.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS BETWEEN LONGITUDES 75° AND 90° WEST OF GREENWICH—
Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
R or
/
W
Eor W
/
Little Current
45 59
81 55
1900.8
4 23.4 W
4 29 W
F. Anderson
Beverly Island
46 00
82 15
1886.8
5 02
W
6 15W
Campbell and
Stewart
Bedford Island
46 02
82 01
1885.7
3 43
w
5 ooW
Boulton& Stewart
St. Joseph Island
46 04
84 09
1822.5
3 «>
E
• • •
H. W. Bayfield
Fort la Cloche
46 07
82 25
1843. 5
1 58
w
5 14W
J. H. Lefroy
Missisauga
Grant Island
46 08
83 10
1843. 5
55
w
4 II w
Do.
46 09
83 18
1886.5
2 43
w^
4 00 w
Captain Boulton
Aird Island
46 09
82 22
1887.8
3 44
w
455W
Do.
Cranberry Bay
46 II
83 03
1845. 5
25
w
34IW
J. H. Lefroy
Rocher Capitaine
Thessalon Point
46 15
78 20
1843.5
448
w
8 57 W
Do.
46 16
83 31
1843.5
31
w
347W
Do.
St. Joseph Island, Hilton
46 16
83 54
1889.4
2 38
w
3 41 W
W.J.Stewart
St. Joseph Island, Gravel Pt.
46 16
8350
1889.4
236
w
339W
Do.
Portage de la Grande Vase
46 19
79 07
1843. 5
3 52
w
8 ooW
J. H. Lefroy
Campement d'Ours
Portlock Harbor
46 20
8356
1845. 5
03
E
3 13 W
Do.
46 20
84 07
1822. 5
2 51
E
•
H. W. Bayfield
Forshaw Island
46 20
84 05
1889.5
2 51
W
3 53 W
W.J.Stewart
Mission Point
46 27
84 36
1855.6
2 09
E
50W
E. P. Scammon
Pointe aux Pins
46 28
84 28
1855. 5
I 21
E
I 37 W
Do.
Point Iroquois
46 29
84 47
1824.5
3 22
E
• • •
H. W. Bayfield
Head of Lake George
46 32
84 20
1825. 5
3 19
E
• •
Do.
Parisian Island
46 40
84 43
1895.6
2 22.,
5W
2 55 W
E. E. Haskell
Goulais Point
46 41
8433
1867.6
23
E
I 53 W
0. N. Chaffee
South Sandy Island
46 48
84 39
1867.5
15
E
2 01 W
Do.
North Sandy Island
46 50
84 39
1895.7
2 34.^
4 W
3 06 W
E. E. Haskell
Pointe aux Crapes
4658
84 58
1843.5
2 15
E
I 01 W
J, H. Lefroy
H. W. Bayfield
Little Trout River
47 09
8854
1824. 5
9 12
E
• • •
Montreal Island
47 19
84 52
1824. 5
328
E
• •
Do.
Cape Gargantua ( i )
47 34
84 58
1895.4
2 52. <
oW
3 25 W
E. E. Haskell
Cape Gargantua ( 2 )
47 34
84 58
1895.4
I 33.
2 W
2 06 W
Do.
Near Dog River
47 52
85 24
1843. 5
2 22
E
54 W
J. H. Lefroy
Le Petit Mort
47 58
85 49
1843.5
4 59
E
I 43 B
Do.
Grand Portage
47 58
89 49
1824. 5
II 00
E
• • «
H. W. Bayfield
Otter Head
48 05
86 10
1824. 5
5 07
E
• •
Do.
Tip Top
48 15
88 06
1871.6
03
E
2 07 W
C. B. Comstock
Fort William
48 24
89 23
1844-5
6 21
E
3 16E
J. H. Lefroy
Bad Portage
48 29
89 40
1843. 5
5 33
E
2 22 E
Do.
Trembling Portage
48 31
90 00
1857.5
6 21
E
3 28E
J. Palliser
White River
48 33
8627
1844.5
2 10
E
55 W
J. H. Lefroy
Fort Pic
48 38
8639
1844.5
5 31
E
2 26 E
Do.
Peninsula Harbor
48 44
86 28
1824. 5
6 20
E
• a
H. W. Bayfield
Point on shore
48 44
87 00
1824. 5
7 42
E
• •
Do.
Height of land
48 45
85 c5
1874.5
I 00
E
I 00 w
W. A. Austin
Isle St. Ignace
48 45
88 02
1824. 5
8 15
E
• •
H.W.Bayfield
Halting Place
48 45
8953
1857. 5
8 54-
E
6 00 E
J. Palliser
St. Ignace Harbor, obs. post
48 47
87 49
1871.7
6 26
E
4 15H
G. A. Marr
Dog Lake
48 47
89 40
1843. 5
6 26
E
3 15E
J. H. Lefroy
Terre Plate
48 49
87 45
1843.5
5 40
E
2 28E
Do.
Halting Place
48 55
8954
1857. 5
9 05
E
6 10 E
J. Palliser
1
26o
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent tnagnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to Jartuary /, 1^02 — Continued.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS SOUTH OF LATITUDE 51'' AND WEST OF LONGITl^DE 90°
WEST OF GREENWICH
Station
Group I
Beechey Head
Sherringham
Esquimau
Discovery Island
Arch Rock
Vancouver Island
Columbia River, east side
Carson
Midway
Silicia Creek
Departure Bay
Friendly Cove
Union Spit
Coniox
North Harbor
Anchorage Cove
Waddington Harbor
Group II
Second Portage
Whiffen Spit
Off Cape Beale
lie ^ la Crosse Lake
Esquimau
Halting Place
Port San Juan
Rainy Lake
Pickerel Lake
Deux Rividres Portage
Fort Frances
En., Juan de Fuca Strait
Rainy River
Halting Lake
Savanne Portage
Osoyoos Station
Ashtnolou Station
Onchucklin Harbor
Akamina Station
Magnetic Station
Sumass Prairie
Semi-ah-moo
Schweltza Lake
Magnetic Station
Do.
Northwest Territory Station
Garry Point, Fraser River
On Ashtnolou River
Nanaimo
Ahomet(?)
New Westminster
Barclay Sound
Port Cox or Clayoquot
Hecate Bay
T Date of
^X i oWrva-
tion
48 20
48 23
48 25
48 26
48 28
48 34
49 ^
49 00
49 00
49 01
49 13
49 36
49 40
49 40
50 29
50 53
50 54
15
22
22
48
48
48
48 24
48 26
48 27
48 31
48 32
48 35
48 35
48 37
48 37
48 48
48 50
48 53
49 00
49 00
49 00
49 01
49 01
49 01
49 01
49 02
49 03
49 05
49 06
49 07
49 08
49 10
49
49
49
12
13
14
49 14
49 15
123 39
123 55
123
123
124
26
14
12
124 38
117 37
118 29
118 44
121 36
123 57
126 38
124 55
124 55
128 04
126 12
124 50
92 27
123 44
125 30
92 10
123 28
92 30
124 30
92 56
91 12
91 27
93 29
124 54
94 31
93 58
90 08
119 24
120 00
125 00
114 04
121 45
122 12
122 47
122 00
120 55
121 07
113 50
123 II
120 00
124 00
126 12?
122 53
124 50
125 50
125 56
1892.80
1893-55
1881.75
1892.71
1893. 60
1893. 63
1901.80
1901.56
1901-54
1901.43
1881.77
1881.74
1900.7
1900.8
1881.73
1881.59
1881.58
843.5
864.5
788.5
843-5
898.3
857.5
841.5
843.5
857-5
843.5
857-5
788.6
843.5
857-5
857-5
860.5
860.5
861.5
861.5
860.0
858.5
857.8
859.5
860. o
860.0
879,2
864.5
860.5
862.5
788.5
862.5
861.5
787.5
861.5
Declina-
tion ob-
served
I
East
o /
24 37.0
22 43.0
22 55.6
23 II. o
25 37.8
23 51.3
23 18.2
23 47.5
23 01.4
26 45.8
23 55.6
23 36. 2
25 57.5
25 53-6
24 53. 7
25 42.7
25 22.0
10 15
20 20
18 30
7 53
23 42. 9
9 53
22 30
11 28
8 14
II 00
9 31
19 14
13 07
II 20
653
22 14
22 44
24 13
23 12
22 55
21 30
22 54. 5
21 37
24 19
22 23
23 22
22 58
22 00
22 57
19 40
22 40
24 37
19 30
22 39
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
East
o /
24 55
23 00
23 36
23 30
25 55
24 08
23 18
23 47
23 01
26 46
24 36
24 17
26 00
25 56
25 34
26 24
26 03
23 50
22 36
23 06
25 18
23 06
23 42
22 18
23 48
22 30
25 00
23 06
23 03
23 40
22 30
24 00
•
23 36
25 42
• • • •
23 48
J.J.Gilbert
Do.
H. E. Nichols
J.J.Gilbert
Do.
Do.
O. B. French
C. H. Sinclair
Do.
H. F. Flvnn
H. E. Nichols
Do.
W. Weinrich
Do.
H. E. Nichols
Do.
Do.
J. H. Lefroy
— Pender '
Meares
J. H. Lefrov
H. M. S. Egeria
J. Palliser
C. Wilkes
J. H. Lefroy
J. Palliser
J. H. Lefroy
J. Palliser
C. Duncan
J. H. Lefroy
J. Palliser
Do.
R. W. Haig
Do.
— Richards
R. W. Haig
J. S. Harris
R. W. Haig
J . S. Harris
R. W. Haig
J. S. Harris
Do.
J. C. Nelson
— Pender
R. W. Haig
— Richards
C, Duncan
— Richards
Do.
— Buckley
— Richards
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
261
Table of the most recent magnetic eteclinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, igo2 — Continued.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS SOUTH OF LATITUDE si"* AND WEST OF LONGITUDE QO°
WEST OF GREENWICH— Continued
Station
Group II — Continued
Jericho
Port Moody
Seymour Creek
Vancouver
Northwest Territory Station
Do.
Halting Place
Lake of the Woods
Maple Spit
Northwest Territory Station
Magnetic Station
Town of Yale
Beak Point
Station S, the Gap
Station U
Station T
Comox, Goose Spit
Head of Howe Sound
Northwest Territory Station
Station V, at Willow Creek
Upper Fort Garry
Northwest Territory Station
Do.
Station R, at Maple Creek
Duncan Bay "
Menzies Bay
Squirrel Cove
Winnipeg River
Pinawa Portage
Northwest Territory Station
Mouth of Thompson River
Port Brooks
Station W
Station Q, Reed Lake
Thompson River, mouth of
Nicola
Lake Winnipeg
Station P
Northwest Territory Station
Fort Alexander
Thompson River
Station A
Thompson River, near Kam-
loops
Beaver Harbor
Station M
Station B
Station K, near Fort Qu'Ap-
ptUe
Thompson River
Station N
Mouth of Hat Creek
Northwest Territory Station
Station L
Lati-
tude
49 16
49 17
Longi-
tude
49
49
18
18
49 20
49 25
49 26
49 28
49 28
49 30
49 32
49 34
49 37
49 38
49 39
49 40
49 40
49 42
49 43
49 45
49 53
49 53
49 55
50 03
50 04
50 08
50 08
50 10
50 12
50 12
50 13
50.18
50 22
50 27
50 27
50 28
50 29
50 30
50 37
50 41
50 42
50 42
50 43
50 44
50 45
50 46
50 46
50 47
50 47
50 48
50 49
123 12
122 51
123 01
123 07
113 40
113 40
94 48
94 42
124 45
113 22
115
121
124 51
109 51
112
III
Date of
observa-
tion
35
25
18
38
124 56
123 09
112 50
113 24
97 02
112 30
III 40
108 51
125
125
19
24
124 57
95 09
96 03
no 30
121 36
128 13
"3 49
107 22
121 22
96 35
106 47
no 20
96 21
120 12
102 00
120 30
127 25
105 14
101 31
103 48
121 05
105 51
121 33
113 18
104 16
891.6
891.5
891.6
898.4
879.2
879.2
857.5
843.5
898.4
879.2
860.0
871.5
898.6
880.6
880.6
880.6
898.3
873.5
879.1
880.6
843.5
879.1
879.1
880.6
896.8
895.6
864.5
844.0
843.5
878.7
871.5
787.5
880.6
880.6
871.5
857.5
880.6
878.7
844.0
871.5
880.4
877.5
866.5
880.5
880.4
880.5
871.5
880.5
873.5
879.9
880.53
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
East
o /
23 42
23 00
24 04
24 30
22 59
22 58
10 17
12 53
24 25.7
22 36
23 34
24,00
24 14. 1
21 43-7
22 22.7
21 51.8
26 14.7
23 54
22 28
22 38. I
16 00
22 46
22 24
22 00.0
24 57.0
24 02.0
23 56
11 55
12 48
21 55
25 00
22 30
22 03.0
21 35.0
25 30
14 25
21 18.7
23 14 (?)
14 14
24 00
18 50. 7
24 15
24 30
20 21.3
17 10.8
19 35. 1
23 30
20 36. 3
27 00
23 00
19 10.7
East
o /
24 03
23 21
24 25
24 37
22 12
• •
22 24
21 54
21 20
25 07
24 15
24 42
21 24
25 36
21 40
20 50
26 06
20 30
22 42
• • • •
24 30
17 45
24 35
25 24
19 30
16 05
18 40
24 00
19 45
27 30
22 40
18 16
22
• •
40
• •
• •
24 33
22
17 .
23
40
24 30
24
21
21
14
22
04
21
30
26
22
24
20
22
06
W. J. Stewart
Do.
Do.
H. M. S. Egeria
J. C. Nelson
Do.
J. Palliser
J. H. Lefroy
H. M. S. Egeria
J. C. Nelson
J. S. Harris
J. Trutch
H. M. S. Egeria
W. F. King
Do.
Do.
H. M.S. Egeria
C. H. Gamsby
J.C.Nelson
W. F. King
J. H. Lefroy
J.C.Nelson
Do.
W. F. King
H.M.S.Imperieuse
H. M. S. Nymphe
— Pender
J.H. Lefroy
Do.
J.C.Nelson
J. Trutch
J. Johnstone
W.F.King
Do.
J. Trutch
J. Palliser
W. F. King
J. C. Nelson
J. H. Lefroy
J. Trutch
W. F. King
C. E. Perry
— Pender
W. F. King
Do.
Do.
J. Trutch
W. F. Kin^
E. W.Jarvis
J. C. Nelson
W. F. King
262
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States 2nd outlying
territories reduced to January /, igo2 — Continued.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS, SOUTH OF LATITUDE 51° AND WEST OF LONGITUDE 90°
WEST OF GREENWICH— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
obserN-a-
tion
Declina- ,
tion ob-
1 served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
1
' East
1 /
East
/
On Little Shuswap
50 50
119 46
1871.5
' 24 30
25 00
J.Trutch
Tracey Harbor
50 51
126 53
1863. 5
26 40
27 30
— Pender
Northwest Territory Station
50 52
114 00
1879. 8
1 24 19
24 04
J.C.Nelson
Magnetic Station
50 55
107 29
1860.0
24 31
23 36
J. Palliser
Northwest Territory Station
50 55
no 00
1878. 7
' 23 50 (?)
23 18
J. C. Nelson
Do.
50 56
114 10
1879. 9
24 30
24 06
Do.
North Thompson River
50 57
120 28
1871.5
23 52.5
24 18
J.Trutch
Land Survey Station
•
5058
no 40
1882. 59
! 22 37. I
1
•
22 06
W. Ogilvie
BRITISH POSSESSIONS, NORTH OF LATITUDE 51° AND WEST OF LONGITUDE 90^
WEST OF GREENWICH
Group I
Port McLaughlin
Rose Harbor
Port Simpson
Lion Point
Group II
Stetion X
Land Survey Station
Lake Winnipeg
Station O
Northwest Territory Station
Treadmill Harbor
Station J
North Thompson River
Station I
North Thompson River
Station H, on Pelly Trail
Safety Cove
North Thompson River
Lake Winnipeg
Station G
Safety Port
Station F
Station E
Lake Winnipeg
Station D, Assiniboine R.
Fort Pelly
Station Z
Station C, Swan River Bar
Rose Harbor
Clearwater River
Kynumpt Harbor
Milbank Sound, Cove
Lake Winnipeg
Saskatchewan River
North Bentinck Arm
Etches Sound
Carter Bav
East
East
/
/
/
/
52 08
128 10
1881.60
26 42.9
27 30 H. E. Nichols
52 09
131 15
1881. 72
26 00.6
26 48 Do.
54 34
130 26
1895. 40
28 37. 2
28 54 0. B. French
55 53
130 OI
1895. 41
30 13.4
30 30 P. A. Welker
51 02
114 00
1880.7
24 13.4
• •
W. F. King
51 03
112 14
1882.6
23 19. 1
JV. Ogilvie
7. H. Lefroy
51 04
96 45
1843. 5
14 14
51 05
106 37
1880.5
21 18.6
W. F. King
51 05
115 00
1879. 6
23 58
J. C. Nelson
51 06
127 34
1864.5
24 08
— Pender
51 12
103 54
1880.5
19 50.0
W. F. King
51 12
120 22
1871.5
24 07. 5
J. Trutch
51 22
104 00
1880.5
18 33. 6
W. F. King
51 28
120 25
1873. 5
25 20
E. W. Janns
51 32
103 43
1880.5
19 52.
W. F. King
51 32
127 57
1864.5
23 38
— Pender
51 33
120 17
1871.5
25 30
J. Trutch
51 36
96 42
1844.0
15 42
J. H. Lefroy
51 39
103 08
1880.5
19 33. 3
W. F. King
51 41
128 31
1788.5
21 30
C. Duncan
51 42
103 04
1880.5
19 38. 2
W. F. King
51 44
102 29
1880.5
18 56. ; .
Do.
51 45
96 53
1843. 5
15 57
J. H. Lefroy
51 45
102 01
1880.5
20 12.6
W. F. King
51 45
102 05
1836. 9
17 00 1 .
Th. Simpson
51 52
114 00
1880.7
24 15.8 , .
W. F. King
51 54
loi 57
1880.4
19 37. 3
Do.
52 09
131 20
1787
23 00
J. Johnstone
52 12
120 12
1873. 5
24 30 , .
E. W. Jarvis
52 12
128 12
1866.5
26 10 1 .
— Pender
52 14
129 00
1788.5
23 OC)
C. Duncan
52 15
97 07
1843. 5
15 37
J. H. Lefroy
52 23
107 04
1844.5
1 25 21
Do.
52 23
126 48
1864,5
24 46
— Pender
. 52 25.>
131 48?
1788.5
23 3^
C. Duncan
' 52 50
. 128 25
1866.5
25 59
.
— Pender
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
263
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January i, 1^02 — Continued.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS, NORTH OF LATITUDE 51* AND WEST OF LONGITUDE 90°
WEST OF GREENWICH— Continued
Station
Group //—Continued
Carlton House
Head of Dean Inlet
Tete Janne Cache
Station a, Pipestone Creek
Grand Rapids, Saskatche-
wan River
Saskatchewan River, a
Grand Rapids, e
Grand Rapids, j
Calamity Harbor
Anchor Cove
Hudson Bay Co., Post
Near Fort ^ la Corn?
Forks of Saskatchewan R.
Head of Gardner Inlet
Saskatchewan River, b
Jasper House
Saskatchewan, Chemaha-
win.
Saskatchewan, Y
North Saskatchewan River
Port Stepteen
Saskatchewan River, L
Station b, in valley near Ed-
monton
Station d, on 14th base line
Saskatchewan River, a
Saskatchewan River, h
Nelson R., Warren Landing
Saskatchewan River, N.
Mouth of Chilacco River
Saskatchewan River, \
Alpha Bay
Cumberland House
Norway House
Saskatchewan River, j
Land Survey Station
Nelson River, i
Port Essington
Nelson River, x
Nelson River, j
Head of Work Inlet
20 miles up Skeena River
Fort Assiniboine
Nelson River, p
Nelson River, %
31 miles up Skeena River
Nelson River, p
50 miles up Skeena River
Nelson River, k
Nelson River, d
Nelson River, o
Nelson River, 8
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
1
Declina- Declina-
tion ob- tion in
served 1902
Observer or
authority
1
East East \
/
/
/ ; ° ^ 1
52 51
106 32
1844.5
22 55
J. H. Lefroy.
52 52
127 13
1876. 5
27 00
W. S. Jennings
52 58
119 50
1876. 5
26 20 1 .
\ ' G. A. Reefer
53 04
113 35
1880.7
25 14.4
W. F. King
5308
99 27
1884.6
15 38
0. J. Klotz
53 10
104 50
1884.4
21 54
Do.
53 12
99 30
1884.5
15 18
Do.
53 12
99 33
1884.5
16 58. 2
\ \ Do.
53 12
130 24
1787.5
23 20 i .
J. Johnstone
53 12
132 14
1866.5
24 59
— Pender
53 13
99 29
1884.5
15 42
0. J. Klotz
53 13
104 52
1884.4
21 50
Do.
53 14
105 05
1884.4
21 24
Do.
53 15
127 37
1875. 5
26 30
Horetzky & Gams-
by
0. J. Klotz
53 16
100 01
1884.5
18 00 ' .
53 16
118 10
1871. 5
26 00
W. Moberly
53 20
100 32
1884.5
17 42 1 .
0. J. Klotz
53 21
104 02
1884.4
1836
Do.
53 23
114 19
1876. 5
26 30 ; .
N. Ruttan
53 30
130 12
1788.5
24 10
•
C. Duncan
53 31
103 49
1884.4
18 42
O.J. Klotz
53 32
113 30?
1880.8
26 43. 2
«
W. F. King
53 36
Ill 24
1880.8
25 46.4 '
Do.
53 38
103 42
1884.4
20 18
O.J. Klotz
53 40
103 28
1884.4
20 18
Do.
53 43
9805
1884.6
15 54
•
Do.
53 47
loi 07
1884. 5
18 42
•
Do.
53 50
123 00
1875.5
28 15
H. P. Bell
53 52
103 01
1884.4
20 54
O.J. Klotz
53 52
130 18
1866.5
26 34
— Pender
53 57
102 19
1884.5
20 12
O.J. Klotz
54 00
98 03
1884.6
15 02
Do.
; 54 02
loi 35
1884.5
19 24
Do.
I 54 02
114 00
1882.9
26 36. 8
W. Ogilvie
54 06
97 56
1884.6
16 36
O.J. Klotz
54 14
129 47
1879- 5
27 20
G. A. Keefer
54 15
97 49
1884.6
17 36 :, .
O.J. Klotz
54 17
97 46
1884.6
16 18
•
Do.
54 18
129 43
1879. 5
27 30
•
G. A. Keefer
' 54 19
129 19
1879- 5
27 20
•
Do.
54 20
114 28
18^.5
24 39
•
J. H. Lefroy
54 21
97 49
1884.6
16 42
O.J. Klotz
1 54 22
97 51
1884.6
18 12
•
Do.
54 22
129 00
1879. 5
26 45 i
G. A. Keefer
; 54 25
97 53
1884.6
15 36
O.J. Klotz
54 30
128 35
1879.5
26 30 1 .
G. A. Keefer
54 31
97 52
1884.6
14 54
O.J. Klotz
54 43
97 59
1884.6
12 54
Do.
54 45
98 06
1884.6
15 24
Do.
. 54 49
98 14
1884. 6
20 30
Do.
264
MAGNETIC DECLINATION TABLES FOR 1902.
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January 7, igoz — Continued.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS, NORTH OF LATITUDE 51** AND WEST OF LONGITUDE 90°
WF^T OF GREENWICH— Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group //—Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
•
Nelson River, f & <jp
54 55
9809
1884.6
20 06
• • • •
0. J. Klotz
Nelson River, 6
55 00
98 00
1884.6
15 48
Do.
Fort McLeod, North
55 00
123 II
1875. 5
25 20
A. Webster
Nelson River, N.
55 06
97 43
1884.6
21 18
O.J. Klotz
Land Survey Station
55 10
114 04
1883.4
27 45.4
W. Ogilvie
Nelson River, T
55 13
97 18
1884.6
17 24
0. J. Klotz
Nelson River, h
55 19
97 08
1884.6
15 12
Do.
Nelson River, w
55 27
97 00
1884.6
12 30
Do.
Nelson River, i
55 41
96 55
1884.6
14 18
Do.
Forks of Pine River
55 44
121 18
1875. 5
28 50
A. Webster
Nelson River, f
55 54
96 47
1884.6
18 00
O.J. Klotz
Camp on Pearl River .
55 58
123 13
1875.5
30 10
A. Webster
Hudson*s Hope
56 02
121 58
1875.5
26 02
Do.
Head of Rocky Mt. Portage
56 03
122 15
1875. 5
28 08
Do.
Nelson River, R
56 04
96 47
1884.6
16 54
O.J.KloU
Land Survey Station
56 10
117 47
1883.7
30 I0.4
W. Ogilvie
Nelson River, E
56 II
96 26
1884.6
14 06
O.J. Klotz
Fort St. John
56 12
121 14
1875. 5
26 00
A. Webster
Nelson River, K
56 14
96 08
1884.6
13 12
O.J. Klotz
Nelson River, f
56 16
95 50
1884.6
16 36
Do.
Nelson River, a
56 16
96 00
1884.6
14 24
Do.
Nelson River, z
56 19
95 29
1884.6
10 06
Do.
Nelson River, Z
1 5621
94 46
1884.6
13 48
Do.
Nelson River, V
56 21
94 53
1884.6
9 24
Do.
Nelson River, M
56 21
95 02
1884.6
12 30
Do.
Nelson River, <p
56 21
95 13
1884.6
9 54
Do.
Nelson River, P
56 27
94 26
1884.7
10 18
Do.
Nelson River, zz
56 34
94 12
1884.7
II 24
Do.
Nelson River, n
56 49
93 59
1884.7
8 24
Do.
Nelson River, f
56 54
93 05
1884.7
7 12
Do.
Nelson River, i>
56 54
93 16
1884.7
2 54 (?)
Do.
Nelson River, N
56 59
92 54
1884.7
7 42
Do.
York Factory
57 00
92 26
1884.7
6 39.6
Do.
Magnetic Station
58 28
130 02
1887
30 26
G. M. Dawson
Fort Chipewyan
58 43
III 19
1888.9
27 14.2
W. Ogilvie
Lake Lindeman
59 47
135 05
1887.5
32 16.8
Do.
Lake Marsh
60 21
134 17
1887.5
32 46. I
Do.
Miles Canyon
60 42
135 04
1887.6
30 55. 2
Do.
Fort Resolution
61 10
113 46
1888.7
38 19.9
Do.
Magnetic Station
61 29
129 39
1887
33 45
G. M. Dawson
Do.
61 49
131 01
1887
34 30
Do.
Fort Simpson
61 52
121 25
1888. 6
37 42. 3
W. Ogilvie
Lewes River
62 04
136 04
1887.6
33 54.8
Do.
Fort Rae
62 39
115 44
1883.2
40 II.
•
H. P. Dawson
Fort Selkirk
62 48
137 25
1887.6
34 17.0
•
W. Ogilvie
White River
63 12
139 38
1887.6
34 27.9
Do.
Stewart River
63 22
139 28
1887.6
33 52.8
•
Do.
Fortyniile River
64 26
140 32
1887. 7
35 oil
Do.
Mackenzie River
64 27
125 03
1888.6
41 34-6
•
Do.
International Boundary
64 41
140 54
1888.2
35 47.5
Do.
Fort Norman
64 54
125 43
1888. 6
33 39.0
Do.
Porcupine River
Fort Good Hope
65 43
139 40
1888.4
37 34.0
Do.
66 16
128 31
1888.5
41 30- 9
Do.
Fort McPherson
67 26
134 57
1888.5
46 00.8
•
Do.
MAGNETIC DECLINATION IN UNITED STATES.
265
Table of the most recent magnetic declinations observed in the United States and outlying
territories reduced to January /, /po^— Continued.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS. NORTH OF LATITUDE 51° AND WEST OF LONGITUDE 90°
WEST OF GREENWICH—Continued
Station
Lati-
tude
Longi-
tude
1
Date of
observa-
tion
Declina-
tion ob-
served
Declina-
tion in
1902
Observer or
authority
Group II — Continued
/
/
East
/
East
/
Red River
67 27
133 36
1826.5
45 37
J. Franklir
Shoalwater Bay -
6854
136 21
1837. 5
49 22
Th. Simpson
T. Franklin
Th. Simpson
Richardson Chain
69 01
137 25
1826.5
46 41
Point Kay
69 18
138 08
1837. 5
49 00
Herschel I., southeast side
69 33
138 57
1889.6
43 40
C.H.Stockton
Herschel Island
6936
139 42
1826. 5
46 13
J. Franklin
Clarence Bay
6938
140 51
1826.5
45 43
Do.
9
WATERS
ADJACENT TO A
/ Of
LASKA A]
^D EAS
JTEF
.N SIBERIA
Group II
E or
/
EorW
/
At Sea
45 '4
159 41
1850.
18 45
E
• •
H. Kellet
Do.
45 19
160 00
1850.
17 46
E
• • • •
Do.
Do.
45 33 E161 05
1849. 5
4 30
E
a • •
Do.
Do.
47 28 E159 45
1849- 5
4 00
E
Do.
Do.
48 08 146 39
1827. 5
22 35
E
• • •
F. P. Liitke
Do.
48 34
E164 38
1851.5
7 10
E .. ..
R. Collinson
Do.
48 44
143 23
1827. 5
23 01
E ! .. ..
F. P. Liitke
Do.
48 49 . E158 13
1849.5
4 23
El....
H. Kellet
Do.
50 05 1 E158 39
1848. 5
2 19
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